dr. reddy's laboratories inc - Medication Listings

Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Atorvastatin calcium is [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ß, δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1) trihydrate. The molecular formula of atorvastatin calcium is C 66 H 74 CaF 2 N 4 O 13 and its molecular weight is 1206.408. Its structural formula is: Atorvastatin calcium USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in methanol and insoluble in aqueous solutions of pH 4 and below. Atorvastatin calcium tablets USP, for oral use contain atorvastatin 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg (equivalent to 10.845 mg, 21.69 mg, 43.38 mg, or 86.76 mg of atorvastatin calcium trihydrate) and the following inactive ingredients: calcium carbonate, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polysorbate 80. The tablet coating contains hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, talc and titanium dioxide. Atorvastatin calcium tablets meets USP Dissolution Test 5.

Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Atorvastatin calcium is [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ß, δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1) trihydrate. The molecular formula of atorvastatin calcium is C 66 H 74 CaF 2 N 4 O 13 and its molecular weight is 1206.408. Its structural formula is: Atorvastatin calcium USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is freely soluble in methanol and insoluble in aqueous solutions of pH 4 and below. Atorvastatin calcium tablets USP, for oral use contain atorvastatin 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg (equivalent to 10.845 mg, 21.69 mg, 43.38 mg, or 86.76 mg of atorvastatin calcium trihydrate) and the following inactive ingredients: calcium carbonate, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polysorbate 80. The tablet coating contains hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, talc and titanium dioxide. Atorvastatin calcium tablets meets USP Dissolution Test 5.

Metoprolol succinate, is a beta 1 -selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking agent, for oral administration, available as extended-release tablets. Metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets, USP have been formulated to provide a controlled and predictable release of metoprolol for once-daily administration. The tablets comprise a multiple unit system containing metoprolol succinate in a multitude of controlled release pellets. Each pellet acts as a separate drug delivery unit and is designed to deliver metoprolol continuously over the dosage interval. The tablets contain 23.75 mg and 47.5 mg of metoprolol succinate equivalent to 25 mg and 50 mg of metoprolol tartrate, USP, respectively. Its chemical name is (±)1- (isopropyl amino)-3-[p-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-2-propanol succinate (2:1) (salt). Its structural formula is: Metoprolol succinate, USP is a white to off white powder with a molecular weight of 652.8. It is freely soluble in water and soluble in methanol. Inactive ingredients: acetyl tributyl citrate, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, ethyl cellulose, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, methylene chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc and titanium dioxide..

Metoprolol succinate, is a beta 1 -selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking agent, for oral administration, available as extended-release tablets. Metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets USP, have been formulated to provide a controlled and predictable release of metoprolol for once-daily administration. The tablets comprise a multiple unit system containing metoprolol succinate in a multitude of controlled release pellets. Each pellet acts as a separate drug delivery unit and is designed to deliver metoprolol continuously over the dosage interval. The tablets contain 95 mg and 190 mg of metoprolol succinate equivalent to 100 mg and 200 mg of metoprolol tartrate, USP, respectively. Its chemical name is (±)1- (isopropyl amino)-3-[p-(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-2-propanol succinate (2:1) (salt). Its structural formula is: Metoprolol succinate, USP is a white to off white powder with a molecular weight of 652.8. It is freely soluble in water and soluble in methanol. Inactive ingredients: acetyl tributyl citrate, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, ethyl cellulose, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, methylene chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc and titanium dioxide.

Use(s) treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Use(s) treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Sertraline hydrochloride capsules contain sertraline hydrochloride, USP a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Sertraline hydrochloride has a molecular weight of 342.69 and has the following chemical name: ( 1S,4S )-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- N -methyl-1-naphthylamine hydrochloride. The empirical formula C 17 H 17 Cl 2 N • HCl is represented by the following structural formula: Sertraline hydrochloride, USP is a white or off-white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble or slightly soluble in absolute alcohol; slightly soluble in water and in isopropanol; and slightly or very slightly soluble in acetone. Sertraline hydrochloride capsules is for oral administration and contain 168 mg and 224 mg sertraline hydrochloride, equivalent to 150 mg and 200 mg sertraline, and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide. The 150 mg capsules contain FD&C Yellow No. 5 as a color additive. The 200 mg capsules contain FD&C Blue No. 1 and FD&C Yellow No. 5 as color additives. The Imprint ink contains black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol and shellac. sertraline-spl-structure

The active ingredient in prednisone delayed-release tablet is prednisone (a corticosteroid). Corticosteroids are adrenocortical steroids, both naturally occurring and synthetic. The molecular formula for prednisone is C 21 H 26 O 5 . The chemical name for prednisone is 17,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione, and the structural formula is: Prednisone, USP is a white to practically white crystalline powder and has a molecular weight of 358.44 g/mol. Prednisone, USP is practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent) and in methylene chloride. Prednisone delayed-release tablet is a delayed-release prednisone tablet. It consists of a prednisone-containing core tablet in an inactive shell, which delays the onset of in vitro drug dissolution by approximately 4 hours. Each tablet contains 1 mg, or 2 mg of prednisone, USP with the following inactive ingredients: dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, glycerol dibehenate, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone, yellow ferric oxide and red ferric oxide. Each prednisone delayed-release tablet contains 30 mg of phosphorous. Each prednisone delayed-release tablet contains less than 5 mg of sodium. chemical-structure

Use(s) treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Uses treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Use(s) treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Uses treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Use(s) treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

The active ingredient in the proton pump inhibitor Esomeprazole Magnesium Delayed-Release Capsules USP for oral administration is bis(5-methoxy-2-[(S)-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1 H -benzimidazole-1-yl) magnesium trihydrate. Esomeprazole is the S-isomer of omeprazole, which is a mixture of the S- and R- isomers. (Initial U.S. approval of esomeprazole magnesium: 2001). Its molecular formula is (C 17 H 18 N 3 O 3 S) 2 Mg x 3 H 2 O with molecular weight of 767.2 as a trihydrate and 713.1 on an anhydrous basis. The structural formula is: The magnesium salt is a white to slightly cream or slightly yellow colored powder. It contains 3 moles of water of solvation and is soluble in methanol. The stability of esomeprazole magnesium is a function of pH; it rapidly degrades in acidic media, but it has acceptable stability under alkaline conditions. At pH 6.8 (buffer), the half-life of the magnesium salt is about 19 hours at 25°C and about 8 hours at 37°C. Esomeprazole magnesium is supplied in delayed-release capsules. Each delayed-release capsule contains 20 mg, or 40 mg of esomeprazole (present as 22.3 mg, or 44.5 mg esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate USP) in the form of enteric-coated granules with the following inactive ingredients: glyceryl monostearate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer, polysorbate 80, simethicone, sugar spheres, talc and triethyl citrate. The capsule shells have the following inactive ingredients: gelatin, FD&C Blue #1, titanium dioxide, ammonia solution, black iron oxide, butyl alcohol, dehydrated alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, potassium hydroxide and shellac.

Uses treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Use(s) treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn; this drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect

Fluoxetine hydrochloride is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for oral administration. It is designated (±)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine hydrochloride and has the molecular formula of C 17 H 18 F 3 NO•HCl. Its molecular weight is 345.79. The structural formula is: Fluoxetine hydrochloride USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is sparingly soluble in water and in dichloromethane; freely soluble in methanol and in alcohol. Practically insoluble in ether. Each scored tablet contains fluoxetine hydrochloride equivalent to 60 mg (194 µmol) of fluoxetine. In addition, each scored tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, prosolv, pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate and titanium dioxide.

Use(s) temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: runny nose itchy, watery eyes sneezing itching of the nose or throat

Use(s) temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: runny nose itchy, watery eyes sneezing itching of the nose or throat

Abiraterone acetate USP, the active ingredient of abiraterone acetate tablets, USP is the acetyl ester of abiraterone. Abiraterone is an inhibitor of CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase). Each abiraterone acetate tablet, USP contains 250 mg or 500 mg of abiraterone acetate USP. Abiraterone acetate USP is designated chemically as (3β)­17-(3-pyridinyl) androsta-5,16-dien-3-yl acetate and its structure is: Abiraterone acetate USP is a white to off-white, non-hygroscopic, crystalline powder. Its molecular formula is C 26 H 33 NO 2 and it has a molecular weight of 391.55. Abiraterone acetate USP is a lipophilic compound with an octanol-water partition coefficient of 5.12 (Log P) and is practically insoluble in water. The pKa of the aromatic nitrogen is 5.19. Abiraterone acetate tablets are available in 250 mg and 500 mg film-coated tablets with the following inactive ingredients: 250 mg film-coated tablets: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and titanium dioxide. 500 mg film-coated tablets: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, iron oxide black, iron oxide red, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc and titanium dioxide. FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP.

Abiraterone acetate USP, the active ingredient of abiraterone acetate tablets, USP is the acetyl ester of abiraterone. Abiraterone is an inhibitor of CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase). Each abiraterone acetate tablet, USP contains 250 mg or 500 mg of abiraterone acetate USP. Abiraterone acetate USP is designated chemically as (3β)­17-(3-pyridinyl) androsta-5,16-dien-3-yl acetate and its structure is: Abiraterone acetate USP is a white to off-white, non-hygroscopic, crystalline powder. Its molecular formula is C 26 H 33 NO 2 and it has a molecular weight of 391.55. Abiraterone acetate USP is a lipophilic compound with an octanol-water partition coefficient of 5.12 (Log P) and is practically insoluble in water. The pKa of the aromatic nitrogen is 5.19. Abiraterone acetate tablets are available in 250 mg and 500 mg film-coated tablets with the following inactive ingredients: 250 mg film-coated tablets: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and titanium dioxide. 500 mg film-coated tablets: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, iron oxide black, iron oxide red, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc and titanium dioxide. FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP.

Use(s) treats frequent heartburn (occurs 2 or more days a week) not intended for immediate relief of heartburn. This drug may take 1 to 4 days for full effect.

Amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium tablets combine the calcium channel blocker amlodipine besylate USP with the HMG CoA-reductase inhibitor atorvastatin calcium. The amlodipine besylate USP is chemically described as 3-ethyl-5-methyl (4RS)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate benzenesulphonate. Its molecular formula is C 20 H 25 ClN 2 O 5 •C 6 H 6 O 3 S. The atorvastatin calcium is chemically described as [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ß, δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1). Its molecular formula is C 66 H 68 CaF 2 N 4 O 10 . The structural formulae for amlodipine besylate USP and atorvastatin calcium are shown below. Amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium contains amlodipine besylate USP, a white or almost white powder, and atorvastatin calcium, a white to off-white colored powder, free from visible extraneous matter. Amlodipine besylate USP has a molecular weight of 567.1 and atorvastatin calcium has a molecular weight of 1155.36. Amlodipine besylate USP is freely soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in ethanol, slightly soluble in water and in 2-proponal. Atorvastatin calcium is soluble in dimethyl sulphoxide, slightly soluble in alcohol, very slightly soluble in water, in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and in acetonitrile and practically insoluble in aqueous solutions of pH 4 and below. Amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium is available as film-coated tablets containing: 2.5 mg amlodipine equivalent to 3.468 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 10 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 10.341 mg atorvastatin calcium. 2.5 mg amlodipine equivalent to 3.468 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 20 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 20.683 mg atorvastatin calcium. 2.5 mg amlodipine equivalent to 3.468 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 40 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 41.365 mg atorvastatin calcium. 5 mg amlodipine equivalent to 6.935 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 10 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 10.341 mg atorvastatin calcium. 5 mg amlodipine equivalent to 6.935 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 20 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 20.683 mg atorvastatin calcium. 5 mg amlodipine equivalent to 6.935 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 40 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 41.365 mg atorvastatin calcium. 5 mg amlodipine equivalent to 6.935 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 80 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 82.730 mg atorvastatin calcium. 10 mg amlodipine equivalent to 13.870 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 10 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 10.341 mg atorvastatin calcium. 10 mg amlodipine equivalent to 13.870 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 20 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 20.683 mg atorvastatin calcium. 10 mg amlodipine equivalent to 13.870 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 40 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 41.365 mg atorvastatin calcium. 10 mg amlodipine equivalent to 13.870 mg amlodipine besylate USP and 80 mg atorvastatin equivalent to 82.730 mg atorvastatin calcium. Each film-coated tablet also contains colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hydroxy propyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium bicarbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Opadry- II White 85G18490 (Polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, lecithin, talc and titanium dioxide), or Opadry- II Blue 85G50642 (FD&C Blue No.2, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, lecithin, talc and titanium dioxide).

Amphetamine Sulfate is a sympathomimetic amino of the amphetamine group. It is a white, odorless crystalline powder. It has a slightly bitter taste. Its solutions are acid to litmus, having a pH of 5.0 to 6.0. It is freely soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. Each tablet, for oral administration contains 5 mg or 10 mg of amphetamine sulfate. Each tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, silicified microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid. The 10 mg tablet also contains FD&C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake. Structural Formula: C 18 H 28 N 2 SO 4 MW 368.49 structure

Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution is a sterile, clear, colorless, aqueous solution of the tartrate salt of arformoterol, the (R,R)-enantiomer of formoterol. Arformoterol is a selective beta 2 -adrenergic bronchodilator. The chemical name for arformoterol tartrate is formamide, N-[2-hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(1R)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]-, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1 salt), and its established structural formula is as follows: The molecular weight of arformoterol tartrate is 494.5 g/mol, and its empirical formula is C 19 H 24 N 2 O 4 •C 4 H 6 O 6 (1:1 salt). It is a white or off white or light brown color powder that is soluble in dimethyl sulphoxide, slightly soluble in water, methanol and insoluble in ethyl acetate. Arformoterol tartrate is the United States Adopted Name (USAN) for (R,R)-formoterol L-tartrate. Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution is supplied as 2 mL of arformoterol tartrate solution packaged in 2.1 mL unit-dose, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) unit-dose vials. Each unit-dose vial contains 15 mcg of arformoterol (equivalent to 22 mcg of arformoterol tartrate) in a sterile, isotonic saline solution, pH-adjusted to 5.0 with citric acid and sodium citrate. Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution requires no dilution before administration by nebulization. Like all other nebulized treatments, the amount delivered to the lungs will depend upon patient factors, the nebulizer used, and compressor performance. Using the PARI LC ® Plus nebulizer (with mouthpiece) connected to a PARI DURA NEB ™ 3,000 compressor under in vitro conditions, the mean delivered dose from the mouthpiece (% nominal) was approximately 4.1 mcg (27.6%) at a mean flow rate of 3.3 L/min. The mean nebulization time was 6 minutes or less. Arformoterol Tartrate Inhalation Solution should be administered from a standard jet nebulizer at adequate flow rates via face mask or mouthpiece. Patients should be carefully instructed on the correct use of this drug product (please refer to the accompanying Patient Information ). structural-formula

Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is available as Aripiprazole Orally Disintegrating Tablets. Aripiprazole is 7-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1piperazinyl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril. The empirical formula is C 23 H 27 Cl 2 N 3 O 2 and its molecular weight is 448.38. The chemical structure is: Aripiprazole Orally Disintegrating Tablets are available in 10 mg and 15 mg strengths. Inactive ingredients include aspartame, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, flavor vanilla (natural flavors), magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sucralose, silicon dioxide, sodium starch glycolate. Colorant include ferric oxide red. aripiprazole-structure

Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole capsules are a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole, antiplatelet agents, intended for oral administration. Each hard gelatin capsule contains 200 mg dipyridamole in an extended-release form and 25 mg aspirin, as an immediate-release film-coated tablet. In addition, each capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: acacia, anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, dimethicone, hypromellose, hypromellose phthalate, lecithin, methacrylic acid copolymer, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, pregelatinized starch, stearic acid, talc, tartaric acid, titanium dioxide, triacetin and xanthan gum. Each capsule shell contains FD&C yellow 6, gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide. Imprinting ink contains black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac and strong ammonia solution. Dipyridamole Dipyridamole is an antiplatelet agent chemically described as 2,2',2'',2'''-[(4,8-Dipiperidinopyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl)dinitrilo]-tetraethanol. It has the following structural formula: Dipyridamole USP is an intensely yellow, crystalline powder or needles. It is practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethyl alcohol, very slightly soluble in acetone and ethyl acetate. Aspirin The antiplatelet agent aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is chemically known as benzoic acid, 2- (acetyloxy)-, and has the following structural formula: Aspirin USP is a white crystals, commonly tabular or needle like, or white, crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, soluble in chloroform and in ether, sparingly soluble in absolute ether.

Azacitidine for injection contains azacitidine, which is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. Azacitidine is 4-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one. The structural formula is as follows: The empirical formula is C 8 H 12 N 4 O 5 . The molecular weight is 244.20. Azacitidine is a white to off- white powder. Azacitidine was found to be soluble in dimethyl sulphoxide, sparingly soluble in water and insoluble in acetone and ethanol. The finished product is supplied in a sterile form for reconstitution as a suspension for subcutaneous injection or reconstitution as a solution with further dilution for intravenous infusion. Vials of azacitidine for injection contain 100 mg of azacitidine and 100 mg mannitol as a sterile lyophilized powder.

Azacitidine for injection contains azacitidine, which is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. Azacitidine is 4-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one. The structural formula is as follows: The empirical formula is C 8 H 12 N 4 O 5 . The molecular weight is 244.20. Azacitidine is a white to off- white powder. Azacitidine was found to be soluble in dimethyl sulphoxide, sparingly soluble in water and insoluble in acetone and ethanol. The finished product is supplied in a sterile form for reconstitution as a suspension for subcutaneous injection or reconstitution as a solution with further dilution for intravenous infusion. Vials of azacitidine for injection contain 100 mg of azacitidine and 100 mg mannitol as a sterile lyophilized powder.

Azacitidine for injection contains azacitidine, which is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. Azacitidine is 4-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one. The structural formula is as follows: The empirical formula is C 8 H 12 N 4 O 5 . The molecular weight is 244.20. Azacitidine is a white to off- white powder. Azacitidine was found to be soluble in dimethyl sulphoxide, sparingly soluble in water and insoluble in acetone and ethanol. The finished product is supplied in a sterile form for reconstitution as a suspension for subcutaneous injection or reconstitution as a solution with further dilution for intravenous infusion. Vials of azacitidine for injection contain 100 mg of azacitidine and 100 mg mannitol as a sterile lyophilized powder.

Azacitidine for injection contains Azacitidine, which is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog of cytidine. Azacitidine is 4-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1-s-triazin-2(1 H )-one. The structural formula is as follows: The empirical formula is C 8 H 12 N 4 O 5 . The molecular weight is 244. Azacitidine is a white to off white crystalline powder. Azacitidine was found to be insoluble in acetone, ethanol, and methyl ethyl ketone; slightly soluble in ethanol/water (50/50), propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol; sparingly soluble in water, water saturated octanol, 5% dextrose in water, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, normal saline and 5% Tween 80 in water; and soluble in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The finished product is supplied in a sterile form for reconstitution as a suspension for subcutaneous injection or reconstitution as a solution with further dilution for intravenous infusion. Vials of Azacitidine for injection contain 100 mg of Azacitidine and 100 mg mannitol as a sterile lyophilized powder. structure

Azurette (Desogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol tablets, USP and Ethinyl Estradiol tablets, USP) provide an oral contraceptive regimen of 21 dark blue tablets each containing 0.15 mg desogestrel (13-ethyl­-11- methylene-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn- 4-en- 20-yn-17-ol), 0.02 mg ethinyl estradiol (19-nor­- 17 alpha-pregna-1,3,5 (10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol), and inactive ingredients which include titanium dioxide, macrogol/PEG 400 NF, hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose/hypromellose, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Blue No. 1, vitamin E, lactose monohydrate, povidone, stearic acid and pregelatinized starch, followed by 2 white tablets with the following inactive ingredients: titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, triacetin, macrogol/polyethylene glycol 8000, lactose, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch. Azurette also contains 5 green tablets containing 0.01 mg ethinyl estradiol (19-nor-17 alpha-pregna-1,3,5 (10)-trien-20-yne­-3,17-diol) and inactive ingredients which include polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, talc, macrogol/PEG, lecithin (soya), D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Blue No. 1, Iron Oxide Yellow, FD&C Red No. 40, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized starch. The molecular weights for desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol are 310.48 and 296.40 respectively. The structural formulas are as follows: The 21 dark blue tablets meet USP Dissolution Test 2. structure

Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. The chemical name of phenylephrine hydrochloride is (-)- m -hydroxy-α-[(methylamino) methyl] benzyl alcohol hydrochloride, its molecular formula is C 9 H 13 NO 2 · HCl (Molecular Weight: 203.67g/mol). Its structural formula is depicted below: Phenylephrine hydrochloride is soluble in water and ethanol, and insoluble in chloroform and ethyl ether. BIORPHEN Injection, 500 mcg/5 mL (100 mcg/mL): BIORPHEN (phenylephrine hydrochloride) injection, 500 mcg/5 mL (100 mcg/mL),, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear and colorless solution for intravenous use. It MUST NOT BE DILUTED before administration as an intravenous bolus. Each mL contains: phenylephrine hydrochloride 100 mcg (equivalent to 80 mcg of phenylephrine base), sodium chloride 9.0 mg in water for injection. The pH is adjusted with hydrochloric acid if necessary. The pH range is 3.0 to 5.0. BIORPHEN Injection, 10 mg/mL: BIORPHEN (phenylephrine hydrochloride) injection, 10 mg/mL, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear and colorless solution for intravenous use. It MUST BE DILUTED before administration as an intravenous bolus or continuous intravenous infusion. Each mL contains: phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg (equivalent to 8.2 mg of phenylephrine base), sodium chloride 6.0 mg in water for injection. The pH is adjusted with hydrochloric acid if necessary. The pH range is 3.0 to 5.0. Chemical Structure

Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution 0.07% is a sterile, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for topical ophthalmic use. Each mL of Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution contains 0.805 mg bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate (equivalent to 0.7 mg bromfenac free acid). The USAN name for bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate is bromfenac sodium. Bromfenac sodium is designated chemically as sodium [2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl) phenyl] acetate sesquihydrate, with an empirical formula of C 15 H 11 BrNNaO 3 • 1½H 2 O. The chemical structure for bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate is: Bromfenac sodium is a yellow to orange crystalline powder. The molecular weight of bromfenac sodium is 383.17. Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution is supplied as a sterile aqueous 0.07% solution, with a pH of 7.8. The osmolality of Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution is approximately 300 mOsmol/kg. Each mL of Bromfenac Ophthalmic Solution contains: Active: Each mL contains bromfenac sodium sesquihydrate 0.0805%, which is equivalent to bromfenac free acid 0.07%. Inactives: boric acid, edetate disodium, povidone, sodium borate, sodium sulfite, tyloxapol, sodium hydroxide to adjust pH, and water for injection, USP. Preservative: benzalkonium chloride 0.005% Chem

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR) are a non-nicotine aid to smoking cessation. Bupropion is chemically unrelated to nicotine or other agents currently used in the treatment of nicotine addiction. Initially developed and marketed as an antidepressant (WELLBUTRIN [bupropion hydrochloride] tablets and WELLBUTRIN SR [bupropion hydrochloride] sustained-release tablets), Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR) is also chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 276.2. The molecular formula is C 13 H 18 ClNO•HCl. Bupropion hydrochloride USP is white powder, and soluble in 0.1N Hydrochloric acid, in alcohol (96.0%) and in water. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. The structural formula is: Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR) are supplied for oral administration as 150-mg (purple), film-coated, sustained-release tablets. Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride USP and the inactive ingredients: copovidone, cysteine hydrochloride, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue No.2 Lake and FD&C Red No. 40 Lake. In addition, flavoring agent contains dextrose, ethyl alcohol, gum arabic, propylene glycol and silicon dioxide. Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR) meets USP dissolution Test 2. Chemical Structure

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR), an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 276.2. The molecular formula is C 13 H 18 ClNO•HCl. Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, powder, soluble in 0.1N HCl, alcohol 96% and in water. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. The structural formula is: Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR), are supplied for oral administration as 100 mg (blue), 150 mg (purple), and 200 mg (pink), film-coated, extended-release tablets. Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride and the inactive ingredients: copovidone, cysteine hydrochloride,hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol,polysorbate 80 and titanium dioxide.In addition, the 100 mg tablet contains FD&C Blue No. 1 Brilliant Blue FCF Aluminium Lake, the 150 mg tablet contains FD&C Blue No. 2 Indigo Carmine Aluminium Lake and FD&C Red No. 40 Allura Red AC Aluminium Lake, and the 200 mg tablet contains FD&C Red No. 40 Allura Red AC Aluminium Lake. In addition, flavoring agent contains dextrose, ethyl alcohol, gum arabic, propylene glycol and silicon dioxide. Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR) meets USP Dissolution Test 2. Chemical Structure

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR), an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(1,1­dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 276.2. The molecular formula is C 13 H 18 ClNO•HCl. Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, powder, soluble in 0.1N HCl, alcohol 96% and in water. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. The structural formula is: Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR), are supplied for oral administration as 100 mg (blue), 150 mg (purple), and 200 mg (pink), film-coated, extended-release tablets. Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride and the inactive ingredients: copovidone, cysteine hydrochloride,hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol,polysorbate 80 and titanium dioxide.In addition, the 100 mg tablet contains FD&C Blue No. 1 Brilliant Blue FCF Aluminium Lake, the 150 mg tablet contains FD&C Blue No. 2 Indigo Carmine Aluminium Lake and FD&C Red No. 40 Allura Red AC Aluminium Lake, and the 200 mg tablet contains FD&C Red No. 40 Allura Red AC Aluminium Lake. Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (SR) meets USP Dissolution Test 2. bupropion-hydrochloride-sr-1

Bupropion hydrochloride, an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents. Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines. It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chorophenyl)-2- [(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride. The molecular weight is 276.2. The molecular formula is C 13 H 18 ClNO•HCl. Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, soluble in 0.1N HCl, alcohol 96% and in water. It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa. The structural formula is : Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP (XL) are supplied for oral administration as 150 mg and 300 mg, white to pale yellow extended-release tablets. Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride and the inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, copovidone, hydrochloric acid, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, polyvinyl alcohol, silicon dioxide, talc, and triethyl citrate. This product meets the requirements of USP Dissolution Test 4 . bupropion-hydrochloride-structure

Calcitonin, USP is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in mammals and by the ultimobranchial gland of birds and fish. Calcitonin-salmon Injection, USP Synthetic is a synthetic polypeptide of 32 amino acids in the same linear sequence that is found in calcitonin of salmon origin. This is shown by the following graphic formula: It is provided in sterile solution for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter contains: calcitonin-salmon 200 International Units. Inactive Ingredients (per mL): acetic acid, USP, 2.25 mg; phenol, USP, 5.0 mg; sodium acetate trihydrate, USP, 2.0 mg; sodium chloride, USP, 7.5 mg; water for injection, USP. The activity of calcitonin-salmon injection is stated in International Units based on bioassay in comparison with the International Reference Preparation of calcitonin-salmon for Bioassay, distributed by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Holly Hill, London.

10% calcium chloride injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution for single administration only. Each mL contains 100 mg (1.4 mEq/mL) of calcium chloride, dihydrate (1.4 mEq each of Ca ++ and Cl - ) in water for injection. It is provided in a 10 mL single-dose plastic vial for intravenous injection. The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer. The pH of 10% calcium chloride injection, USP is 5.5 to 7.5 when diluted with water for injection to make a 5% solution. May contain hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. The osmolar concentration is 1.54 to 2.54 mOsmol/mL (calc.). 10% Calcium chloride injection, USP is oxygen sensitive. Calcium chloride, USP dihydrate is chemically designated CaCl 2 · 2H 2 O (dihydrate) and is described as white, odorless fragments or granules freely soluble in water. Calcium chloride injection, USP contains no more than 1,000 mcg/L of aluminum [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].

Carbidopa and levodopa tablets are a combination product for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and syndrome. Carbidopa, USP an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 244.3.. It is designated chemically as (-)-L-α-hydrazino-α-methyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propanoic acid monohydrate. Its empirical formula is C 10 H 14 N 2 O 4 .H 2 O, and its structural formula is: Tablet content is expressed in terms of anhydrous carbidopa which has a molecular weight of 226.23. Levodopa, USP an aromatic amino acid, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water with a molecular weight of 197.19. It is designated chemically as (-)-L-α-amino-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propanoic acid. Its empirical formula is C 9 H 11 NO 4 , and its structural formula is: Carbidopa and levodopa tablets, USP for oral administration, are supplied in three strengths: 10 mg/100 mg, containing 10 mg of carbidopa and 100 mg of levodopa. 25 mg/100 mg, containing 25 mg of carbidopa and 100 mg of levodopa. 25 mg/250 mg, containing 25 mg of carbidopa and 250 mg of levodopa. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: 10 mg/100 mg — Corn starch, FD&C blue #2 aluminum lake, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and pregelatinized starch (maize). 25 mg/100 mg — Corn starch, D&C yellow #10 aluminum lake, FD&C yellow #6 aluminum lake (sunset yellow lake), magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and pregelatinized starch (maize). 25 mg/250 mg — Corn starch, FD&C blue #2 aluminum lake, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and pregelatinized starch (maize).

Carboprost tromethamine injection, USP an oxytocic, contains the tromethamine salt of the (15S)-15 methyl analogue of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2α in a solution suitable for intramuscular injection. Carboprost tromethamine injection, USP is the established name for the active ingredient carboprost tromethamine, USP. Four other chemical names are: 1. (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2α tromethamine salt 2. 7-(3α,5α-dihydroxy-2ß-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl- trans -1-octenyl]-1α-cyclopentyl]- cis -5-heptenoic acid compound with 2- amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol 3. (15S)-9α,11α,15-trihydroxy-15-methylprosta- cis -5, trans -13-dienoic acid tromethamine salt 4. (15S)-15-methyl PGF2α-THAM The structural formula is represented below: The molecular formula is C 25 H 47 O 8 N. The molecular weight of carboprost tromethamine, USP is 489.64. It is a white to slightly off-white crystalline powder. It generally melts between 95° and 105° C, depending on the rate of heating. Carboprost tromethamine, USP dissolves readily in water at room temperature at a concentration greater than 75 mg/mL. Each mL of carboprost tromethamine injection, USP contains carboprost tromethamine, USP equivalent to 250 mcg of carboprost, 83 mcg tromethamine, 9 mg sodium chloride, and 9.45 mg benzyl alcohol added as preservative. When necessary, pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid. The solution is sterile.

Carboprost tromethamine injection, USP an oxytocic, contains the tromethamine salt of the (15S)-15 methyl analogue of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2α in a solution suitable for intramuscular injection. Carboprost tromethamine injection, USP is the established name for the active ingredient carboprost tromethamine, USP. Four other chemical names are: 1. (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2α tromethamine salt 2. 7-(3α,5α-dihydroxy-2ß-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl- trans -1-octenyl]-1α-cyclopentyl]- cis -5-heptenoic acid compound with 2- amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol 3. (15S)-9α,11α,15-trihydroxy-15-methylprosta- cis-5, trans -13-dienoic acid tromethamine salt 4. (15S)-15-methyl PGF2α-THAM The structural formula is represented below: The molecular formula is C 25 H 47 O 8 N. The molecular weight of carboprost tromethamine, USP is 489.64. It is a white to slightly off-white crystalline powder. It generally melts between 95° and 105° C, depending on the rate of heating. Carboprost tromethamine, USP dissolves readily in water at room temperature at a concentration greater than 75 mg/mL. Each mL of carboprost tromethamine injection, USP contains carboprost tromethamine, USP equivalent to 250 mcg of carboprost, 83 mcg tromethamine, 9 mg sodium chloride, and 9.45 mg benzyl alcohol added as preservative. When necessary, pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid. The solution is sterile.

Sterile Carboprost tromethamine injection, USP an oxytocic, contains the tromethamine salt of the (15S)­15 methyl analogue of naturally occurring prostaglandin F2α in a solution suitable for intramuscular injection. Carboprost tromethamine injection, USP is the established name for the active ingredient carboprost tromethamine, USP. Four other chemical names are: 1. (15S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2α tromethamine salt 2. 7-(3α,5α-dihydroxy-2ß-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl- trans -1-octenyl]-1α­ cyclopentyl]-cis-5-heptenoic acid compound with 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)­ 1,3-propanediol 3. (15S)-9α,11α,15-trihydroxy-15-methylprosta-cis-5, trans-13-dienoic acid tromethamine salt 4. (15S)-15-methyl PGF2α-THAM The structural formula is represented below: The molecular formula is C 25 H 47 O 8 N. The molecular weight of carboprost tromethamine, USP is 489.64. It is a white to slightly off-white crystalline powder. It generally melts between 95° and 105° C, depending on the rate of heating. Carboprost tromethamine, USP dissolves readily in water at room temperature at a concentration greater than 75 mg/mL. Each mL of carboprost tromethamine injection, USP contains carboprost tromethamine, USP equivalent to 250 mcg of carboprost, 83 mcg tromethamine, 9 mg sodium chloride, and 9.45 mg benzyl alcohol added as preservative. When necessary, pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid. The solution is sterile.

The active ingredient in carmustine for injection USP, is a nitrosourea with the chemical name1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and a molecular weight of 214.06. The drug product is supplied as sterile lyophilized pale yellow flakes or a congealed mass, and it is highly soluble in alcohol and poorly soluble in water. Carmustine for injection USP, is administered by intravenous infusion after reconstitution, as recommended. The structural formula of carmustine USP is: Carmustine for injection USP, is available in 100 mg single dose vials of lyophilized material.Sterile diluent for constitution of carmustine is co-packaged with the active drug product for use in constitution of the lyophile. The diluent is supplied in a vial containing 3 mL of Dehydrated Alcohol Injection, USP.

The active ingredient in carmustine for injection USP, is a nitrosourea with the chemical name1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and a molecular weight of 214.06. The drug product is supplied as sterile lyophilized pale yellow flakes or a congealed mass, and it is highly soluble in alcohol and poorly soluble in water. Carmustine for injection USP, is administered by intravenous infusion after reconstitution, as recommended. The structural formula of carmustine USP is: Carmustine for injection USP, is available in 100 mg single dose vials of lyophilized material.Sterile diluent for constitution of carmustine is co-packaged with the active drug product for use in constitution of the lyophile. The diluent is supplied in a vial containing 3 mL of Dehydrated Alcohol Injection, USP.

Uses temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: runny nose sneezing itchy, watery eyes itching of the nose or throat .

Uses temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: runny nose sneezing itchy, watery eyes itching of the nose or throat .

Chlorpromazine HCl is chemically designated as 2-Chloro-10-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-phenothiazine monohydrochloride and has the following structural formula: C 17 H 19 ClN 2 S • HCl MW 355.33 Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Injection, USP is a sterile aqueous solution intended for deep intramuscular use. Each mL contains chlorpromazine hydrochloride 25 mg, ascorbic acid 2 mg, sodium metabisulfite 1 mg, sodium sulfite 1 mg and sodium chloride 6 mg in Water for Injection. pH is 3.4 to 5.4. STRUCTURE

Chlorthalidone is an oral antihypertensive/diuretic. It is a monosulfamyl diuretic that differs chemically from thiazide diuretics in that a double-ring system is incorporated in its structure. It is 2-chloro-5(1- hydroxy-3-oxo-1-isoindolinyl) benzenesulfonamide with the following structural formula: Chlorthalidone, USP is practically insoluble in water, in ether, and in chloroform; soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in ethanol. Chlorthalidone tablets are available containing either 25 mg or 50 mg of chlorthalidone USP and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, Sodium Starch glycolate type-A and talc. Chemical Structure