Drug Facts
Composition & Profile
Identifiers & Packaging
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied ERZOFRI ® is provided as a single-use kit containing a single-dose prefilled syringe with a plunger stopper and tip cap. The kit also contains 2 safety needles (a 1 ½-inch 22 gauge safety needle and a 1-inch 23 gauge safety needle). ERZOFRI is available as a white to off-white aqueous suspension in the following strengths: 39 mg/0.25 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-105-11) 78 mg/0.5 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-106-11) 117 mg/0.75 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-107-11) 156 mg/mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-108-11) 234 mg/1.5 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-109-11) 351 mg/2.25 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-110-11) Storage and Handling Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not mix with any other product or diluent.; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 39 mg/0.25 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-105-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 39 mg/0.25 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 39 mg/0.25 mL Syringe Kit; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 78 mg/0.5 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-106-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 78 mg/0.5 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 78 mg/0.5 mL Syringe Kit; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 117 mg/0.75 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-107-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 117 mg/0.75 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 117 mg/0.75 mL Syringe Kit; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 156 mg/mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-108-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 156 mg/mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 156 mg/mL Syringe Kit; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 234 mg/1.5 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-109-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 234 mg/1.5 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 234 mg/1.5 mL Syringe Kit; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 351 mg/2.25 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-110-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 351 mg/2.25 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 351 mg/2.25 mL Syringe Kit
- 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied ERZOFRI ® is provided as a single-use kit containing a single-dose prefilled syringe with a plunger stopper and tip cap. The kit also contains 2 safety needles (a 1 ½-inch 22 gauge safety needle and a 1-inch 23 gauge safety needle). ERZOFRI is available as a white to off-white aqueous suspension in the following strengths: 39 mg/0.25 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-105-11) 78 mg/0.5 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-106-11) 117 mg/0.75 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-107-11) 156 mg/mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-108-11) 234 mg/1.5 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-109-11) 351 mg/2.25 mL paliperidone palmitate kit (NDC 72526-110-11) Storage and Handling Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not mix with any other product or diluent.
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 39 mg/0.25 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-105-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 39 mg/0.25 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 39 mg/0.25 mL Syringe Kit
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 78 mg/0.5 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-106-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 78 mg/0.5 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 78 mg/0.5 mL Syringe Kit
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 117 mg/0.75 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-107-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 117 mg/0.75 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 117 mg/0.75 mL Syringe Kit
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 156 mg/mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-108-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 156 mg/mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 156 mg/mL Syringe Kit
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 234 mg/1.5 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-109-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 234 mg/1.5 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 234 mg/1.5 mL Syringe Kit
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 351 mg/2.25 mL Syringe Kit NDC 72526-110-11 Rx Only Erzofri ® (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension 351 mg/2.25 mL For Single Use Only. Use entire contents of syringe. FOR INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ONLY. Shake before using. Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 351 mg/2.25 mL Syringe Kit
Overview
ERZOFRI (paliperidone palmitate) extended-release injectable suspension contains a racemic mixture of (+)- and (-)- paliperidone palmitate. Paliperidone palmitate, is an atypical antipsychotic belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives. The chemical name is (9 RS )-3-[2-[4-(6-Fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4 H -pyrido[1,2- a ]pyrimadin-9-yl hexadecanoate. Its molecular formula is C 39 H 57 FN 4 O 4 and its molecular weight is 664.89. The structural formula is: Paliperidone palmitate is very slightly soluble in ethanol and methanol, practically insoluble in water, and slightly soluble in ethyl acetate. ERZOFRI is available as a white to off-white sterile aqueous extended-release suspension for intramuscular injection in the following dose strengths of paliperidone palmitate (deliverable volume) in single-dose prefilled syringes: 39 mg (0.25 mL), 78 mg (0.5 mL), 117 mg (0.75 mL), 156 mg (1 mL), 234 mg (1.5 mL), and 351 mg (2.25 mL). The drug product hydrolyzes in vivo to the active moiety, paliperidone, resulting in dose strengths of 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 225 mg of paliperidone, respectively. The inactive ingredients are citric acid monohydrate (5 mg/mL), dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous (5 mg/mL), monobasic sodium phosphate monohydrate (2.5 mg/mL), polyethylene glycol 4000 (30 mg/mL), polysorbate 20 (12 mg/mL), sodium hydroxide to adjust pH, and water for injection. The drug product pH is 6.5 to 7.5. Chemical Structure
Indications & Usage
ERZOFRI is indicated for the treatment of: Schizophrenia in adults . Schizoaffective disorder in adults as monotherapy and as an adjunct to mood stabilizers or antidepressants . ERZOFRI is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for: Treatment of schizophrenia in adults. ( 1 ) Treatment of schizoaffective disorder in adults as monotherapy and as an adjunct to mood stabilizers or antidepressants. ( 1 )
Dosage & Administration
For patients naïve to oral or injectable paliperidone, or oral or injectable risperidone, establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with ERZOFRI. ( 2.1 ) Each injection must be administered by a healthcare professional. ( 2.1 ) Initiate ERZOFRI by intramuscular injection in the deltoid muscle. Following the initial dose, monthly doses can be administered in either the gluteal or deltoid muscle. Do not administer by any other route. ( 2.1 ) Dosage recommendations: Indication Initial Dose (deltoid) Day 1 Monthly Dosage Administered 4 weeks after the first injection. (deltoid or gluteal) Maximum Monthly Dosage Schizophrenia ( 2.1 ) 351 mg 39 mg to 234 mg Recommended monthly dosage for treatment of schizophrenia is 117 mg. Some patients may benefit from lower or higher monthly doses within the additional available strengths (39 mg, 78 mg, 156 mg, and 234 mg). 234 mg Schizoaffective disorder ( 2.1 ) 351 mg 78 mg to 234 mg Adjust dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy using available strengths. The 39 mg strength was not studied in the long-term schizoaffective disorder study. 234 mg Missed dose: Refer to the Full Prescribing Information. ( 2.2 ) Mild renal impairment: Administer 234 mg on treatment Day 1 in the deltoid muscle. Follow with the recommended monthly maintenance dose of 78 mg, administered in the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Adjust monthly maintenance dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy within the strengths of 39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, or 156 mg. The maximum monthly dosage is 156 mg for patients with mild renal impairment. ( 2.4 ) See Full Prescribing Information for important preparation and administration information. ( 2.7 ) 2.1 Recommended Dosage For patients who have never taken oral or injectable paliperidone, or oral or injectable risperidone, establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with ERZOFRI. ERZOFRI must be administered by a healthcare professional as an intramuscular injection. Do not administer ERZOFRI by any other route. For detailed preparation and administration instructions, see Dosage and Administration (2.7) . See Table 1 for dosage recommendations for ERZOFRI in the treatment of schizophrenia in adults or the treatment of schizoaffective disorder in adults as monotherapy and as an adjunct to mood stabilizers or antidepressants. The initial dosage of ERZOFRI is 351 mg on treatment Day 1 administered in the deltoid muscle. Following the initial dose, monthly doses can be administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Table 1: Dosage Recommendations for ERZOFRI Indication Initial Dose (deltoid) Day 1 Monthly Dosage Administered 4 weeks after the first injection. (deltoid or gluteal) Maximum Monthly Dosage Schizophrenia 351 mg 39 mg to 234 mg The recommended monthly dosage for treatment of schizophrenia is 117 mg. Some patients may benefit from lower or higher monthly doses within the additional available strengths (39 mg, 78 mg, 156 mg, and 234 mg). 234 mg Schizoaffective disorder 351 mg 78 mg to 234 mg Adjust dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy using available strengths. The 39 mg strength was not studied in the long-term schizoaffective disorder study. 234 mg Adjust dosage monthly depending on clinical response and tolerability. When making dose adjustments, the pharmacokinetic profile of ERZOFRI should be considered [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , as the full effect of the dose adjustment may not be apparent for several months. 2.2 Missed Doses Dosing Window To avoid a missed monthly dose, patients may be given the injection up to 7 days before or after the monthly time point. Missed Dose If a dose of ERZOFRI is missed, follow the dosing instructions provided in Table 2. Table 2: Management of a Missed Dose of ERZOFRI TIMING OF MISSED DOSE DOSING 4 to 6 weeks since last injection Resume regular monthly dosing as soon as possible at the patient's previously stabilized dose, followed by injections at monthly intervals. More than 6 weeks to 6 months since last injection Resume the same dose the patient was previously stabilized on (unless the patient was stabilized on a dose of 234 mg, then the first 2 injections should each be 156 mg) in the following manner: Administer a deltoid injection as soon as possible. Administer a second deltoid injection 1 week later at the same dose. Thereafter, resume administering the previously stabilized dose in the deltoid or gluteal muscle 1 month after the second injection. More than 6 months since last injection Restart dosing with recommended initiation ( see Section 2.1, Table 1 ) : Administer a 351 mg deltoid injection on Day 1. Thereafter, resume administering the previously stabilized dose in the deltoid or gluteal muscle 1 month after the initial injection. 2.3 Use with Risperidone or with Oral Paliperidone Paliperidone is the major active metabolite of risperidone. Exercise caution if ERZOFRI is co-administered with risperidone or with oral paliperidone for extended periods of time. Safety data involving concomitant use of ERZOFRI with other antipsychotics is limited. 2.4 Dosage Recommendations for Patients with Renal Impairment For patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min to < 80 mL/min [Cockcroft-Gault Formula]), initiate ERZOFRI with a dose of 234 mg on treatment Day 1 in the deltoid muscle. Follow with the recommended monthly dosage of 78 mg, administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Adjust monthly dosage based on tolerability and/or response within the strengths of 39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, or 156 mg. The maximum monthly dosage is 156 mg for patients with mild renal impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . ERZOFRI is not recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. 2.5 Dosage Modifications for Concomitant Use with Strong CYP3A4 Inducers and/or P-gp Inducers Avoid using a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp during the one-month dosing interval for ERZOFRI, if possible. If administering a strong inducer is necessary, consider managing the patient using paliperidone extended-release tablets [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 2.6 Switching from Other Antipsychotics There are no systematically collected data to specifically address switching patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder from other antipsychotics to ERZOFRI or concerning concomitant administration with other antipsychotics. Switching from Oral Antipsychotics Previous oral antipsychotics can be gradually discontinued at the time of initiation of treatment with ERZOFRI. The recommended initial dosage of ERZOFRI is 351 mg on treatment Day 1, administered in the deltoid muscle [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] . See Table 3 for subsequent monthly dosage recommendations for ERZOFRI in patients switching from oral extended-release paliperidone tablets. Table 3: Dosage Recommendations Following Initial Dose of ERZOFRI in Patients Switching from Oral Extended-Release Paliperidone Tablets Paliperidone Extended-Release Tablet ERZOFRI Dosing Frequency Once Daily Once every 4 weeks 12 mg 234 mg Dose 9 mg 156 mg 6 mg 117 mg 3 mg 39 mg to 78 mg Switching from Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics When switching patients currently at steady-state on a long-acting injectable antipsychotic, initiate ERZOFRI therapy in place of the next scheduled injection. Continue ERZOFRI at monthly intervals. The initial dosing regimen as described in Section 2.1 is not required. See Table 1 for recommended monthly dosing. Based on previous clinical response and tolerability, some patients may benefit from lower or higher doses within the available strengths (39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, 156 mg, and 234 mg). If ERZOFRI is discontinued, its pharmacokinetic characteristics must be considered. As recommended with other antipsychotic medications, the need for continuing existing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) medication should be re-evaluated periodically. 2.7 Preparation and Administration Instructions To be prepared and administered by a healthcare professional only. Read the instructions for preparation and administration below for preparation and administration considerations. For deltoid or gluteal intramuscular injection only. Do not inject by any other route. Administer the initial dosage of ERZOFRI in the deltoid muscle. Subsequent monthly dosages may be administered in the deltoid or gluteal muscle. As a universal precaution, always wear gloves. Do not substitute any component of the drug kit. The kit contains a prefilled syringe and 2 safety needles (a 1 ½-inch 22 gauge needle and a 1-inch 23 gauge needle). ERZOFRI is for single use only. Step 1. Select Needle For Deltoid injection For Gluteal injection If the patient weighs less than 90 kg, use the 1-inch 23 gauge needle (needle with blue colored hub) Use the 1 ½-inch 22 gauge needle (needle with gray colored hub) regardless of patient's weight If the patient weighs 90 kg or more, use the 1 ½-inch 22 gauge needle (needle with gray colored hub) Step 2. Prepare for Injection a. Open needle pouch b. Shake vigorously for at least 10 seconds c. Remove cap First, peel the safety needle pouch half way open. Place on a clean surface. Shake the syringe vigorously for a minimum of 10 seconds to ensure a homogeneous suspension. While holding the syringe upright, remove the rubber tip cap with an easy counterclockwise twisting motion. Do not touch syringe tip. d. Attach needle e. Remove needle sheath f. Remove air bubbles Grasp the needle sheath using the plastic peel pouch. Attach the safety needle to the luer connection of the syringe with an easy clockwise twisting motion. Do not remove the pouch until the syringe and needle are securely attached. Pull the needle sheath away from the needle with a straight pull. Do not twist the sheath as the needle may be loosened from the syringe. Bring the syringe with the attached needle in upright position to de-aerate. De-aerate the syringe by moving the plunger rod carefully forward. Step 3. Inject Inject the entire contents intramuscularly slowly, deep into the selected deltoid or gluteal muscle of the patient. Do not administer by any other route. Step 4. After Injection Secure Needle Dispose properly a Dispose of the syringe and unused needle in an approved sharps container. b c After the injection is complete, use either thumb or finger of one hand (a, b) or a flat surface (c) to activate the needle protection system. The needle protection system is fully activated when a 'click' is heard. Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Warnings & Precautions
Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions, in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis: Increased incidence of cerebrovascular adverse reactions (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack, including fatalities). ( 5.2 ) Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Manage with immediate discontinuation of drug and close monitoring. ( 5.3 ) QT Prolongation: Avoid use with drugs that also increase QT interval and in patients with risk factors for prolonged QT interval. ( 5.4 ) Tardive Dyskinesia: Discontinue drug if clinically appropriate. ( 5.5 ) Metabolic Changes: Monitor for hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. ( 5.6 ) Orthostatic Hypotension and Syncope: Use with caution in patients with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and patients predisposed to hypotension. ( 5.7 ) Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis: Perform complete blood counts (CBC) in patients with history of clinically significant low white blood cell count (WBC) or history of leukopenia or neutropenia. Consider discontinuing ERZOFRI if clinically significant decline in WBC in the absence of other causative factors. ( 5.9 ) Hyperprolactinemia: Prolactin elevations occur and persist during chronic administration. ( 5.10 ) Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment: Use caution when operating machinery. ( 5.11 ) Seizures: Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower the seizure threshold. ( 5.12 ) 5.1 Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of 17 placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. ERZOFRI is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 5.2 Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions, Including Stroke, in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis In placebo-controlled trials with risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine in elderly subjects with dementia, there was a higher incidence of cerebrovascular adverse reactions (cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischemic attacks) including fatalities compared to placebo-treated subjects. No studies have been conducted with oral paliperidone, 1-month or 3-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspensions, or ERZOFRI, in elderly patients with dementia. ERZOFRI is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . 5.3 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a potentially fatal symptom complex, has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs, including paliperidone. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status including delirium, and autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmia). Additional signs may include elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis), and acute renal failure. If NMS is suspected, immediately discontinue ERZOFRI and provide symptomatic treatment and monitoring. 5.4 QT Prolongation Paliperidone causes a modest increase in the corrected QT (QTc) interval. The use of paliperidone should be avoided in combination with other drugs that are known to prolong QTc including Class 1A (e.g., quinidine, procainamide) or Class III (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol) antiarrhythmic medications, antipsychotic medications (e.g., chlorpromazine, thioridazine), antibiotics (e.g., gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin), or any other class of medications known to prolong the QTc interval. Paliperidone should also be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias. Certain circumstances may increase the risk of the occurrence of Torsades de pointes and/or sudden death in association with the use of drugs that prolong the QTc interval, including (1) bradycardia; (2) hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia; (3) concomitant use of other drugs that prolong the QTc interval; and (4) presence of congenital prolongation of the QT interval. The effects of oral paliperidone on the QT interval were evaluated in a double-blind, active-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg single dose), multicenter QT study in adults with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and in three placebo- and active-controlled 6-week, fixed-dose efficacy trials in adults with schizophrenia. In the QT study (n=141) of oral paliperidone, the 8 mg dose of immediate-release oral paliperidone (n=50) showed a mean placebo-subtracted increase from baseline in QTcLD (QT interval corrected for heart rate using the population specified linear derived method) of 12.3 msec (90% CI: 8.9; 15.6) on Day 8 at 1.5 hours post-dose. The mean steady-state peak plasma concentration for this 8 mg oral dose of immediate release paliperidone (C max ss = 113 ng/mL) was more than 2-fold the exposure observed with the maximum recommended 234 mg maintenance dose of another once-a-month paliperidone extended-release injectable suspension administered in the deltoid muscle (predicted median C max-ss = 50 ng/mL). In this same study, a 4 mg dose of the immediate-release oral formulation of paliperidone, for which C max-ss = 35 ng/mL, showed an increased placebo-subtracted QTcLD of 6.8 msec (90% CI: 3.6; 10.1) on Day 2 at 1.5 hours post-dose. In the three fixed-dose efficacy studies of oral paliperidone extended release in subjects with schizophrenia, electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements taken at various time points showed only one subject in the oral paliperidone 12 mg group had a change exceeding 60 msec at one time- point on Day 6 (increase of 62 msec). In the four fixed-dose efficacy studies of another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension in subjects with schizophrenia and in the long-term study in subjects with schizoaffective disorder, no subject experienced a change in QTcLD exceeding 60 msec and no subject had a QTcLD value of > 500 msec at any time point. In the maintenance study in subjects with schizophrenia, no subject had a QTcLD change > 60 msec, and one subject had a QTcLD value of 507 msec (Bazett's QT corrected interval [QTcB] value of 483 msec); this latter subject also had a heart rate of 45 beats per minute. 5.5 Tardive Dyskinesia Tardive dyskinesia, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements, may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to predict which patients will develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown. The risk of developing tardive dyskinesia and the likelihood that it will become irreversible appear to increase with the duration of treatment and the cumulative dose. The syndrome can develop after relatively brief treatment periods, even at low doses. It may also occur after discontinuation of treatment. Tardive dyskinesia may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is discontinued. Antipsychotic treatment itself may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and may thus mask the underlying process. The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown. Given these considerations, ERZOFRI should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely to minimize the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia. Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients: (1) who suffer from a chronic illness that is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs and (2) for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate. In patients who do require chronic treatment, use the lowest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response. Periodically reassess the need for continued treatment. If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear in a patient on ERZOFRI, drug discontinuation should be considered. However, some patients may require treatment with ERZOFRI despite the presence of the syndrome. 5.6 Metabolic Changes Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been associated with metabolic changes that may increase cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk. These metabolic changes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and body weight gain. While all of the drugs in the class have been shown to produce some metabolic changes, each drug has its own specific risk profile. Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, in some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma or death, have been reported in patients treated with all atypical antipsychotics. These cases were, for the most part, seen in post-marketing clinical use and epidemiologic studies, not in clinical trials. Hyperglycemia and diabetes have been reported in trial subjects treated with another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (also referred to as "PP1M" in this section). Assessment of the relationship between atypical antipsychotic use and glucose abnormalities is complicated by the possibility of an increased background risk of diabetes mellitus in patients with schizophrenia and the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in the general population. Given these confounders, the relationship between atypical antipsychotic use and hyperglycemia-related adverse events is not completely understood. However, epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of hyperglycemia-related adverse reactions in patients treated with the atypical antipsychotics. Patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who are started on atypical antipsychotics should be monitored regularly for worsening of glucose control. Patients with risk factors for diabetes mellitus (e.g., obesity, family history of diabetes) who are starting treatment with atypical antipsychotics should undergo fasting blood glucose testing at the beginning of treatment and periodically during treatment. Any patient treated with atypical antipsychotics should be monitored for symptoms of hyperglycemia including polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weakness. Patients who develop symptoms of hyperglycemia during treatment with atypical antipsychotics should undergo fasting blood glucose testing. In some cases, hyperglycemia has resolved when the atypical antipsychotic was discontinued; however, some patients required continuation of anti-diabetic treatment despite discontinuation of the suspect drug. Pooled data from the four placebo-controlled (one 9-week and three 13-week), fixed-dose studies of another PP1M in subjects with schizophrenia are presented in Table 4. Table 4: Change in Fasting Glucose from Four Placebo-Controlled, 9- to 13-Week, Fixed-Dose Studies in Subjects with Schizophrenia Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension Placebo 39 mg 78 mg 156 mg 234/39 mg Initial deltoid injection of 234 mg followed by either 39 mg, 156 mg, or 234 mg every 4 weeks by deltoid or gluteal injection. Other dose groups (39 mg, 78 mg, and 156 mg) are from studies involving only gluteal injection. [ see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. 234/156 mg 234/234 mg Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) n=367 n=86 n-244 n=238 n=110 n=126 n=115 Serum Glucose Change from baseline -1.3 1.3 3.5 0.1 3.4 1.8 -0.2 Proportion of Patients with Shifts Serum Glucose Normal to High 4.6% 6.3% 6.4% 3.9% 2.5% 7.0% 6.6% (<100 mg/dL to ≥126 mg/dL) (11/241) (4/64) (11/173) (6/154) (2/79) (6/86) (5/76) In a long-term open-label pharmacokinetic and safety study in subjects with schizophrenia in which the highest maintenance dose available (234 mg) was evaluated, another PP1M was associated with a mean change in glucose of -0.4 mg/dL at Week 29 (n=109) and +6.8 mg/dL at Week 53 (n=100). During the initial 25-week open-label period of a long-term study in subjects with schizoaffective disorder, another PP1M was associated with mean change in glucose of +5.3 mg/dL (n=518). At the endpoint of the subsequent 15-month double-blind period of the study, the PP1M was associated with a mean change in glucose of +0.3 mg/dL (n=131) compared with a mean change of +4.0 mg/dL in the placebo group (n=120). Dyslipidemia Undesirable alterations in lipids have been observed in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. Pooled data from the four placebo-controlled (one 9-week and three 13-week), fixed-dose studies of another PP1M in subjects with schizophrenia are presented in Table 5. Table 5: Change in Fasting Lipids from Four Placebo-Controlled, 9- to 13-Week, Fixed-Dose Studies in Subjects with Schizophrenia Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension Placebo 39 mg 78 mg 156 mg 234/39 mg Initial deltoid injection of 234 mg followed by either 39 mg, 156 mg, or 234 mg every 4 weeks by deltoid or gluteal injection. Other dose groups (39 mg, 78 mg, and 156 mg) are from studies involving only gluteal injection. [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . 234/156 mg 234/234 mg Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) Cholesterol n=366 n=89 n=244 n=232 n=105 n=119 n=120 Change from baseline -6.6 -6.4 -5.8 -7.1 -0.9 -4.2 9.4 LDL n=275 n=80 n=164 n=141 n=104 n=117 n=108 Change from baseline -6.0 -4.8 -5.6 -4.8 0.9 -2.4 5.2 HDL n=286 n=89 n=165 n=150 n=105 n=118 n=115 Change from baseline 0.7 2.1 0.6 0.3 1.5 1.1 0.0 Triglycerides n=366 n=89 n=244 n=232 n=105 n=119 n=120 Change from baseline -16.7 7.6 -9.0 -11.5 -14.1 -20.0 11.9 Proportion of Patients with Shifts Cholesterol Normal to High 3.2% 2.0% 2.0% 2.1% 0% 3.1% 7.1% (<200 mg/dL to ≥240 mg/dL) (7/222) (1/51) (3/147) (3/141) (0/69) (2/65) (6/84) LDL Normal to High 1.1% 0% 0% 0% 0% (0/41) 0% 0% (<100 mg/dL to ≥160 mg/dL) (1/95) (0/29) (0/67) (0/46) (0/37) (0/44) HDL Normal to Low 13.8% 14.8% 9.6% 14.2% 12.7% 10.5% 16.0% (≥40 mg/dL to <40 mg/dL (28/203) (9/61) (11/115) (15/106) (9/71) (8/76) (13/81) Triglycerides Normal to High 3.6% 6.1% 9.2% 7.2% 1.3% 3.7% 10.7% (<150 mg/dL to ≥200 mg/dL) (8/221) (3/49) (14/153) (10/139) (1/79) (3/82) (9/84) In a long-term open-label pharmacokinetic and safety study in subjects with schizophrenia in which the highest maintenance dose available (234 mg) was evaluated, the mean changes from baseline in lipid values are presented in Table 6. Table 6: Change in Fasting Lipids from Long-term Open-label Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study in Subjects with Schizophrenia Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension 234 mg Week 29 Week 53 Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) Cholesterol n=112 n=100 Change from baseline -1.2 0.1 LDL n=107 n=89 Change from baseline -2.7 -2.3 HDL n=112 n=98 Change from baseline -0.8 -2.6 Triglycerides n=112 n=100 Change from baseline 16.2 37.4 The mean changes from baseline in lipid values during the initial 25-week open-label period and at the endpoint of the subsequent 15-month double-blind period in a long-term study of another PP1M in subjects with schizoaffective disorder are presented in Table 7. Table 7: Change in Fasting Lipids from an Open-Label and Double-Blind Periods of a Long-Term Study in Subjects with Schizoaffective Disorder Open-Label Period Double-Blind Period Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension Placebo Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension Mean change from baseline (mg/dL) Cholesterol n=198 n=119 n=132 Change from baseline -3.9 -4.2 2.3 LDL n=198 n=117 n=130 Change from baseline -2.7 -2.8 5.9 HDL n=198 n=119 n=131 Change from baseline -2.7 -0.9 -0.7 Triglyceride n=198 n=119 n=132 Change from baseline 7.0 2.5 -12.3 Weight Gain Weight gain has been observed with atypical antipsychotic use. Clinical monitoring of weight is recommended. Data on mean changes in body weight and the proportion of subjects meeting a weight gain criterion of ≥ 7% of body weight from the four placebo-controlled (one 9-week and three 13-week), fixed-dose studies of another PP1M in subjects with schizophrenia are presented in Table 8. Table 8: Mean Change in Body Weight (kg) and the Proportion of Subjects with ≥ 7% Gain in Body Weight from Four Placebo-Controlled, 9- to 13-Week, Fixed-Dose Studies in Subjects with Schizophrenia Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension Placebo n=451 39 mg n=116 78 mg n=280 156 mg n=267 234/39 mg Initial deltoid injection of 234 mg followed by either 39 mg, 156 mg, or 234 mg every 4 weeks by deltoid or gluteal injection. Other dose groups (39 mg, 78 mg, and 156 mg) are from studies involving only gluteal injection. [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] . n=137 234/156 mg n=144 234/234 mg n=145 Weight (kg) Change from baseline -0.4 0.4 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.4 Weight Gain ≥ 7% increase from baseline 3.3 % 6.0% 8.9% 9.0% 5.8% 8.3% 13.1 % In a long-term open-label pharmacokinetic and safety study in which the highest maintenance dose available (234 mg) was evaluated, another PP1M was associated with a mean change in weight of +2.4 kg at Week 29 (n=134) and +4.3 kg at Week 53 (n=113). During the initial 25-week open-label period of a long-term study in subjects with schizoaffective disorder, another PP1M was associated with a mean change in weight of +2.2 kg and 18.4% of subjects had an increase in body weight of ≥ 7% (n=653). At the endpoint of the subsequent 15-month double-blind period of the study, the PP1M was associated with a mean change in weight of -0.2 kg and 13.0% of subjects had an increase in body weight of ≥ 7% (n=161); the placebo group had a mean change in weight of -0.8 kg and 6.0% of subjects had an increase in body weight of ≥ 7% (n=168). 5.7 Orthostatic Hypotension and Syncope Paliperidone can induce orthostatic hypotension and syncope in some patients because of its alpha- adrenergic blocking activity. Syncope was reported in < 1% (4/1293) of subjects treated with another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (PP1M) in the recommended maintenance dose range of 39 mg to 234 mg in the four fixed- dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials compared with 0% (0/510) of subjects treated with placebo. In the four fixed-dose efficacy studies in subjects with schizophrenia, orthostatic hypotension was reported as an adverse event by < 1% (2/1293) of the PP1M-treated subjects compared to 0% (0/510) with placebo. Incidences of orthostatic hypotension and syncope in the long-term studies in subjects with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were similar to those observed in the short-term studies. Use ERZOFRI with caution in patients with known cardiovascular disease (e.g., heart failure, history of myocardial infarction or ischemia, conduction abnormalities), cerebrovascular disease, or conditions that predispose the patient to hypotension (e.g., dehydration, hypovolemia, and treatment with antihypertensive medications). Monitoring of orthostatic vital signs should be considered in patients who are vulnerable to hypotension. 5.8 Falls Somnolence, postural hypotension, motor and sensory instability have been reported with the use of antipsychotics, including paliperidone palmitate, which may lead to falls and, consequently, fractures or other fall-related injuries. For patients, particularly the elderly, with diseases, conditions, or medications that could exacerbate these effects, assess the risk of falls when initiating antipsychotic treatment and recurrently for patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy. 5.9 Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis In clinical trial and/or postmarketing experience, events of leukopenia and neutropenia have been reported temporally related to antipsychotic agents, including once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (PP1M). Agranulocytosis has also been reported. Possible risk factors for leukopenia/neutropenia include pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC)/absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia. In patients with a history of a clinically significant low WBC/ANC or a drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia, perform a complete blood count (CBC) frequently during the first few months of therapy. In such patients, consider discontinuation of ERZOFRI at the first sign of a clinically significant decline in WBC in the absence of other causative factors. Monitor patients with clinically significant neutropenia for fever or other symptoms or signs of infection and treat promptly if such symptoms or signs occur. Discontinue ERZOFRI in patients with severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1000/mm 3 ) and follow their WBC until recovery. 5.10 Hyperprolactinemia Like other drugs that antagonize dopamine D 2 receptors, paliperidone elevates prolactin levels and the elevation persists during chronic administration. Paliperidone has a prolactin-elevating effect similar to that seen with risperidone, a drug that is associated with higher levels of prolactin than other antipsychotic drugs. Hyperprolactinemia, regardless of etiology, may suppress hypothalamic GnRH, resulting in reduced pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. This, in turn, may inhibit reproductive function by impairing gonadal steroidogenesis in both female and male patients. Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and impotence have been reported in patients receiving prolactin-elevating compounds. Long-standing hyperprolactinemia when associated with hypogonadism may lead to decreased bone density in both female and male subjects. Tissue culture experiments indicate that approximately one-third of human breast cancers are prolactin dependent in vitro , a factor of potential importance if the prescription of these drugs is considered in a patient with previously detected breast cancer. An increase in the incidence of pituitary gland, mammary gland, and pancreatic islet cell neoplasia (mammary adenocarcinomas, pituitary and pancreatic adenomas) was observed in the risperidone carcinogenicity studies conducted in mice and rats [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ] . Published epidemiologic studies have shown inconsistent results when exploring the potential association between hyperprolactinemia and breast cancer. Prolactin data from two long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with another PP1M are presented below; one study was in a population of patients with schizophrenia; the second study was in patients with schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia In a long-term maintenance trial of another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (PP1M) in schizophrenia patients (Study 5) [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] , elevations of prolactin to above the reference range (> 18 ng/mL in males and > 30 ng/mL in females) relative to open-label baseline at any time during the double- blind phase were noted in a higher percentage of the patients in the PP1M group than those in the placebo group in males (51.9% versus 29.0%) and in females (50.5% versus 42.9%). During the double-blind phase, 4 females (4.2%) in the PP1M group experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (amenorrhea N=2; galactorrhea N=1; menstruation irregular N=1), while 2 females (2.2%) in the placebo group experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (amenorrhea N=1; breast pain N=1). One male (0.9%) in the PP1M group experienced erectile dysfunction and 1 male (0.9%) in placebo group experienced gynecomastia. Prior to the double-blind phase (during the 33-week open-label phase of the long-term maintenance trial), the mean (SD) serum prolactin values at baseline were 14.9 (22.3) ng/mL in males (N=490) and 35.2 (39.6) ng/mL in females (N=358). At the end of the open-label phase, mean (SD) prolactin values were 24.7 (22.5) ng/mL in males (N=470) and 59.5 (38.1) ng/mL in females (N=333). During the open-label phases 49.2% of females and 47.7% of males experienced elevations of prolactin above the reference range relative to baseline, and a higher proportion of females experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions compared to males (5.3% versus 1.8%). Amenorrhea (2.5%) in females and no single potentially prolactin-related adverse reaction in males were observed with a rate greater than 2%. Schizoaffective Disorder In a long-term maintenance trial of another PP1M in patients with schizoaffective disorder (Study SCA-3004) see Clinical Studies (14.2) , elevations of prolactin to above the reference range (> 13.13 ng/mL in males and > 26.72 ng/mL in females) relative to open-label baseline at any time during the 15-month double-blind phase were noted in a higher percentage of patients in the PP1M group than those in the placebo group in males (55.6% versus 23.2%) and in females (44.3% versus 25.0%). During the 15-month double-blind phase, 11 females (13.9%) in the PP1M group had 14 potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (hyperprolactinemia N=3; blood prolactin increased N=4; libido decreased N=1; amenorrhea N=3; galactorrhea N=3), while 5 females (5.8%) in the placebo group had 6 potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (hyperprolactinemia N=2; blood prolactin increased N=1; amenorrhea N=2; galactorrhea N=1). Six males (7.1%) in the PP1M group experienced 6 potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (hyperprolactinemia N=4; libido decreased N=1; erectile dysfunction N=1), while 1 male (1.2%) in the placebo group experienced adverse reaction of blood prolactin increased. Prior to the 15-month double-blind phase (during the 25-week open-label phase of the long-term maintenance trial), the mean (SD) serum prolactin values at baseline were 14.6 (14.0) ng/mL in males (N=352) and 39.1 (44.6) ng/mL in females (N=302). At the end of the open-label phase, mean (SD) prolactin values were 32.8 (17.2) ng/mL in males (N=275) and 72.4 (46.5) ng/mL in females (N=239). During the open-label phase, 48.9% of females and 53.3% of males experienced elevations of prolactin above the reference range relative to baseline, and a higher proportion of females experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions compared to males (10.0% versus 9.0%). Amenorrhea (5.8%) and galactorrhea (2.9%) in females and libido decrease (2.8%) and erectile dysfunction (2.5%) in males were observed with a rate greater than 2%. 5.11 Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment Somnolence, sedation, and dizziness were reported as adverse reactions in subjects treated with another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (PP1M) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Antipsychotics, including ERZOFRI, have the potential to impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills. Patients should be cautioned about performing activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating hazardous machinery or operating a motor vehicle, until they are reasonably certain that paliperidone therapy does not adversely affect them. 5.12 Seizures In the four fixed-dose double-blind placebo-controlled studies in subjects with schizophrenia, <1% (1 out of 1,293) of subjects treated with another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (PP1M) in the recommended dose range of 39 mg to 234 mg experienced a convulsion compared with <1% (1 out of 510) of placebo-treated subjects who experienced a grand mal convulsion. Like other antipsychotic drugs, ERZOFRI should be used cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or other conditions that potentially lower the seizure threshold. Conditions that lower the seizure threshold may be more prevalent in patients 65 years or older. 5.13 Dysphagia Esophageal dysmotility and aspiration have been associated with antipsychotic drug use. ERZOFRI and other antipsychotic drugs should be used cautiously in patients at risk for aspiration. 5.14 Priapism Drugs with alpha-adrenergic blocking effects have been reported to induce priapism. Although no cases of priapism have been reported in clinical trials with another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (PP1M), priapism has been reported with oral paliperidone during postmarketing surveillance. Severe priapism may require surgical intervention. 5.15 Disruption of Body Temperature Regulation Disruption of the body's ability to reduce core body temperature has been attributed to antipsychotic agents. Appropriate care is advised when prescribing ERZOFRI to patients who will be experiencing conditions which may contribute to an elevation in core body temperature, e.g., exercising strenuously, exposure to extreme heat, receiving concomitant medication with anticholinergic activity, or being subject to dehydration.
Boxed Warning
INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA- RELATED PSYCHOSIS Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. ERZOFRI is not approved for use in patients with dementia-related psychosis. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . WARNING: INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. ERZOFRI is not approved for use in patients with dementia-related psychosis. ( 5.1 )
Contraindications
ERZOFRI is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to either paliperidone or risperidone, or to any of the excipients in the ERZOFRI formulation. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic reactions and angioedema, have been reported in patients treated with risperidone and in patients treated with paliperidone [see Adverse Reactions (6.1 , 6.2) ] . Known hypersensitivity to paliperidone, risperidone, or to any excipients in ERZOFRI. ( 4 )
Adverse Reactions
The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Cerebrovascular adverse reactions, including stroke, in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] QT prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Tardive dyskinesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Metabolic changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Orthostatic hypotension and syncope [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Falls [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Hyperprolactinemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Potential for cognitive and motor impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Dysphagia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Priapism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] Disruption of body temperature regulation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ] The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5% and occurring at least twice as often as placebo) were injection site reactions, somnolence/sedation, dizziness, akathisia, and extrapyramidal disorder. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Luye Innomind Pharma Shijiazhuang Co., Ltd. at 1-800-548-9765 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The safety of ERZOFRI for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and schizoaffective disorder in adults as monotherapy and as an adjunct to mood stabilizers or antidepressants is based upon adequate and well-controlled studies of another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (also referred to as "PP1M" in this section). Below is a display of adverse reactions with another PP1M from those adequate and well-controlled studies. Injection site reactions for ERZOFRI presented in this section (see " Pain and Injection Site Reactions with ERZOFRI " below) are based on pharmacokinetic studies. Patient Exposure The data described in this section are derived from a clinical trial database consisting of a total of 3,817 subjects (approximately 1,705 patient-years exposure) with schizophrenia who received at least one dose of PP1M in the recommended dose range of 39 mg to 234 mg and a total of 510 subjects with schizophrenia who received placebo. Among the 3,817 PP1M-treated subjects, 1,293 received PP1M in four fixed-dose, double- blind, placebo-controlled trials (one 9-week and three 13-week studies), 849 received PP1M in the maintenance trial (median exposure 229 days during the initial 33-week open-label phase of this study, of whom 205 continued to receive PP1M during the double-blind placebo-controlled phase of this study [median exposure 171 days]), and 1,675 received PP1M in five non-placebo controlled trials (three noninferiority active- comparator trials, one long-term open-label pharmacokinetic and safety study, and an injection site [deltoid-gluteal] cross-over trial). One of the 13-week studies included a 234 mg PP1M initiation dose followed by treatment with either 39 mg, 156 mg, or 234 mg every 4 weeks. The safety of PP1M was also evaluated in a 15-month, long-term study comparing the other PP1M to selected oral antipsychotic therapies in adult subjects with schizophrenia. A total of 226 subjects received PP1M during the 15-month, open-label period of this study; 218 subjects received selected oral antipsychotic therapies. The safety of PP1M was similar to that seen in previous double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in adult subjects with schizophrenia. The safety of PP1M was also evaluated in a long-term study in adult subjects with schizoaffective disorder. A total of 667 subjects PP1M during the initial 25-week open-label period of this study (median exposure 147 days); 164 subjects continued to receive PP1M during the 15-month double-blind placebo-controlled period of this study (median exposure 446 days). Adverse reactions that occurred more frequently in the PP1M group than the placebo group (a 2% difference or more between groups) were weight increased, nasopharyngitis, headache, hyperprolactinemia, and pyrexia. Adverse Reactions in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions : The most common (at least 5% in any PP1M group) and likely drug-related (adverse events for which the drug rate is at least twice the placebo rate) adverse reactions from the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in subjects with schizophrenia were injection site reactions, somnolence/sedation, dizziness, akathisia, and extrapyramidal disorder . No occurrences of adverse events reached this threshold in the long-term double-blind, placebo-controlled study in subjects with schizoaffective disorder. Discontinuation of Treatment Due to Adverse Events : The percentage of subjects who discontinued due to adverse events in the four fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled schizophrenia trials were similar for PP1M- and placebo-treated subjects. The percentage of subjects who discontinued due to adverse events in the open-label period of the long-term study in subjects with schizoaffective disorder was 7.5%. During the double-blind, placebo-controlled period of that study, the percentages of subjects who discontinued due to adverse events were 5.5% and 1.8% in PP1M- and placebo-treated subjects, respectively. Dose-Related Adverse Reactions : Based on the pooled data from the four fixed-dose, double- blind, placebo-controlled trials in subjects with schizophrenia, among the adverse reactions that occurred with ≥ 2% incidence in the subjects treated with PP1M, only akathisia increased with dose. Hyperprolactinemia also exhibited a dose relationship, but did not occur at ≥ 2% incidence in PP1M-treated subjects from the four fixed-dose studies. Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More in a once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension-Treated Patients: Table 9 lists the adverse reactions reported in 2% or more of PP1M -treated subjects and at a greater proportion than in the placebo group with schizophrenia in the four fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Table 9: Incidences of Adverse Reactions 2% or More of a Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension-Treated Patients (and Greater than Placebo) with Schizophrenia in Four Fixed-Dose, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension System Organ Class Adverse Reactions Placebo Placebo group is pooled from all studies and included either deltoid or gluteal injection depending on study design. (N=510) 39 mg (N=130) 78 mg (N=302) 156 mg (N=312) 234/39 mg Initial deltoid injection of 234 mg followed by either 39 mg, 156 mg, or 234 mg every 4 weeks by deltoid or gluteal injection. Other dose groups (39 mg, 78 mg, and 156 mg) are from studies involving only gluteal injection. [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] (N=160) 234/156 mg (N=165) 234/234 mg (N=163) Percentages are rounded to whole numbers. Table includes adverse reactions that were reported in 2% or more of subjects in any of the once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension dose groups and which occurred at greater incidence than in the placebo group. Total percentage of subjects with adverse reactions 70 75 68 69 63 60 63 Gastrointestinal disorders Abdominal discomfort/abdominal pain upper 2 2 4 4 1 2 4 Diarrhea 2 0 3 2 1 2 2 Dry mouth 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 Nausea 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 Toothache 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 Vomiting 4 5 4 2 3 2 2 General disorders and administration site conditions Asthenia 0 2 1 <1 0 1 1 Fatigue 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 Injection site reactions 2 0 4 6 9 7 10 Infections and infestations Nasopharyngitis 2 0 2 2 4 2 2 Upper respiratory tract infection 2 2 2 2 1 2 4 Urinary tract infection 1 0 1 <1 1 1 2 Investigations Weight increased 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Back pain 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 Musculoskeletal stiffness 1 1 <1 <1 1 1 2 Myalgia 1 2 1 <1 1 0 2 Pain in extremity 1 0 2 2 2 3 0 Nervous system disorders Akathisia 3 2 2 3 1 5 6 Dizziness 1 6 2 4 1 4 2 Extrapyramidal disorder 1 5 2 3 1 0 0 Headache 12 11 11 15 11 7 6 Somnolence/sedation 3 5 7 4 1 5 5 Psychiatric disorders Agitation 7 10 5 9 8 5 4 Anxiety 7 8 5 3 5 6 6 Nightmare <1 2 0 0 0 0 0 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Cough 1 2 3 1 0 1 1 Vascular disorders Hypertension 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 Adverse reactions for which the once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension incidence was equal to or less than placebo are not listed in the table, but included the following: dyspepsia, psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, and tremor. The following terms were combined: somnolence/sedation, breast tenderness/breast pain, abdominal discomfort/abdominal pain upper/stomach discomfort, and tachycardia/sinus tachycardia/heart rate increased. All injection site reaction-related adverse reactions were collapsed and are grouped under "Injection site reactions". Other Adverse Reactions Observed During the Clinical Trial Evaluation of Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension The following list does not include reactions: 1) already listed in previous tables or elsewhere in labeling, 2) for which a drug cause was remote, 3) which were so general as to be uninformative, or 4) which were not considered to have significant clinical implications. Cardiac disorders: atrioventricular block first degree, bradycardia, bundle branch block, palpitations, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, tachycardia Ear and labyrinth disorders: vertigo Eye disorders: eye movement disorder, eye rolling, oculogyric crisis, vision blurred Gastrointestinal disorders: constipation, dyspepsia, flatulence, salivary hypersecretion Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity Investigations: alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, electrocardiogram abnormal Metabolism and nutrition disorders: decreased appetite, hyperinsulinemia, increased appetite Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthralgia, joint stiffness, muscle rigidity, muscle spasms, muscle tightness, muscle twitching, nuchal rigidity Nervous system disorders: bradykinesia, cerebrovascular accident, cogwheel rigidity, convulsion, dizziness postural, drooling, dysarthria, dyskinesia, dystonia, hypertonia, lethargy, oromandibular dystonia, parkinsonism, psychomotor hyperactivity, syncope Psychiatric disorders: insomnia, libido decreased, restlessness Reproductive system and breast disorders: amenorrhea, breast discharge, breast enlargement/breast swelling, breast tenderness/breast pain, ejaculation disorder, erectile dysfunction, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, menstrual disorder, menstruation delayed, menstruation irregular, sexual dysfunction Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: nasal congestion Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: drug eruption, pruritus, pruritus generalized, rash, urticaria Demographic Differences An examination of population subgroups in the double-blind placebo-controlled trials did not reveal any evidence of differences in safety on the basis of age, gender, or race alone; however, there were few subjects 65 years of age and older. Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) Pooled data from the two double-blind, placebo-controlled, 13-week, fixed-dose trials in adult subjects with schizophrenia provided information regarding EPS. Several methods were used to measure EPS: (1) the Simpson-Angus global score which broadly evaluates parkinsonism, (2) the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale global clinical rating score which evaluates akathisia, (3) the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores which evaluates dyskinesia, and (4) use of anticholinergic medications to treat EPS (Table 10), and (5) incidence of spontaneous reports of EPS (Table 11). Table 10: Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) Assessed by Incidence of Rating Scales and Use of Anticholinergic Medication – Schizophrenia Studies in Adults Percentage of Subjects Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension Scale Placebo (N=262) 39 mg (N=130) 78 mg (N=223) 156 mg (N=228) Parkinsonism For parkinsonism, percent of subjects with Simpson-Angus Total score > 0.3 at endpoint (Total score defined as total sum of items score divided by the number of items) 9 12 10 6 Akathisia For Akathisia, percent of subjects with Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale global score ≥ 2 at endpoint 5 5 6 5 Dyskinesia For Dyskinesia, percent of subjects with a score ≥ 3 on any of the first 7 items or a score ≥ 2 on two or more of any of the first 7 items of the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale at endpoint 3 4 6 4 Use of Anticholinergic Medications Percent of subjects who received anticholinergic medications to treat EPS 12 10 12 11 Table 11: Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)-Related Events by MedDRA Preferred Term – Schizophrenia Studies in Adults Percentage of Subjects Once-a-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension EPS Group Placebo (N=262) 39 mg (N=130) 78 mg (N=223) 156 mg (N=228) Parkinsonism group includes: Extrapyramidal disorder, hypertonia, musculoskeletal stiffness, parkinsonism, drooling, masked facies, muscle tightness, hypokinesia Hyperkinesia group includes: Akathisia, restless legs syndrome, restlessness Dyskinesia group includes: Dyskinesia, choreoathetosis, muscle twitching, myoclonus, tardive dyskinesia Dystonia group includes: Dystonia, muscle spasms Overall percentage of subjects with EPS-related adverse events 10 12 11 11 Parkinsonism 5 6 6 4 Hyperkinesia 2 2 2 4 Tremor 3 2 2 3 Dyskinesia 1 2 3 1 Dystonia 0 1 1 2 The results across all phases of the maintenance trial in subjects with schizophrenia exhibited comparable findings. In the 9-week, fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the proportions of parkinsonism and akathisia assessed by incidence of rating scales were higher in the PP1M 156 mg group (18% and 11%, respectively) than in the PP1M 78 mg group (9% and 5%, respectively) and placebo group (7% and 4%, respectively). In the 13-week study in subjects with schizophrenia involving 234 mg initiation dosing, the incidence of any EPS was similar to that of the placebo group (8%), but exhibited a dose-related pattern with 6%, 10%, and 11% in the PP1M 234/39 mg, 234/156 mg, and 234/234 mg groups, respectively. Hyperkinesia was the most frequent category of EPS-related adverse events in this study, and was reported at a similar rate between the placebo (4.9%) and PP1M 234/156 mg (4.8%) and 234/234 mg (5.5%) groups, but at a lower rate in the 234/39 mg group (1.3%). In the long-term study in subjects with schizoaffective disorder, EPS reported during the 25-week open-label PP1M treatment included hyperkinesia (12.3%), parkinsonism (8.7%), tremor (3.4%), dyskinesia (2.5%), and dystonia (2.1%). During the 15-month double-blind treatment, the incidence of any EPS was similar to that of the placebo group (8.5% and 7.1% respectively). The most commonly reported treatment-emergent EPS-related adverse events (> 2%) in any treatment group in the double-blind phase of the study (PP1M versus placebo) were hyperkinesia (3.7% versus 2.9%), parkinsonism (3.0% versus 1.8%), and tremor (1.2% versus 2.4%). Dystonia Symptoms of dystonia, prolonged abnormal contractions of muscle groups, may occur in susceptible individuals during the first few days of treatment. Dystonic symptoms include: spasm of the neck muscles, sometimes progressing to tightness of the throat, swallowing difficulty, difficulty breathing, and/or protrusion of the tongue. While these symptoms can occur at low doses, they occur more frequently and with greater severity with high potency and at higher doses of first-generation antipsychotic drugs. An elevated risk of acute dystonia is observed in males and younger age groups. Pain Assessment and Injection Site Reactions In the pooled data from the two 13-week, fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of another PP1M in subjects with schizophrenia, the mean intensity of injection pain reported by subjects using a visual analog scale (0 = no pain to 100 = unbearably painful) decreased in all treatment groups from the first to the last injection (placebo: 10.9 to 9.8; 39 mg: 10.3 to 7.7; 78 mg: 10.0 to 9.2; 156 mg: 11.1 to 8.8). The results from both the 9-week, fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and the double-blind phase of the maintenance trial exhibited comparable findings. In the 13-week study involving 234 mg initiation dosing in subjects with schizophrenia, occurrences of induration, redness, or swelling, as assessed by blinded study personnel, were infrequent, generally mild, decreased over time, and similar in incidence between the PP1M and placebo groups. Investigator ratings of injection pain were similar for the placebo and PP1M groups. Investigator evaluations of the injection site after the first injection for redness, swelling, induration, and pain were rated as absent for 69-100% of subjects in both the PP1M and placebo groups. At Day 92, investigators rated absence of redness, swelling, induration, and pain in 95-100% of subjects in both the PP1M and placebo groups. ERZOFRI was evaluated in 281 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in an open-label randomized parallel arm study. The percentage of patients in the open-label study reporting injection site-related adverse reactions at the first injection for patients treated with ERZOFRI (all reported as injection site pain) was similar to the percentage of patients treated with another PP1M. Additional Adverse Reactions Reported in Clinical Trials with Oral Paliperidone The following is a list of additional adverse reactions that have been reported in clinical trials with oral paliperidone: Cardiac disorders : bundle branch block left, sinus arrhythmia Gastrointestinal disorders : abdominal pain, small intestinal obstruction General disorders and administration site conditions : edema, edema peripheral Immune system disorders : anaphylactic reaction Infections and infestations: rhinitis Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders : musculoskeletal pain, torticollis, trismus Nervous system disorders : grand mal convulsion, parkinsonian gait, transient ischemic attack Psychiatric disorders: sleep disorder Reproductive system and breast disorders : breast engorgement Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: pharyngolaryngeal pain, pneumonia aspiration Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: rash papular Vascular disorders: hypotension, ischemia 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of paliperidone; because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: angioedema, catatonia, ileus, somnambulism, swollen tongue, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, urinary incontinence, and urinary retention. Cases of anaphylactic reaction after injection with another once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension product have been reported during postmarketing experience in patients who have previously tolerated oral risperidone or oral paliperidone. Paliperidone is the major active metabolite of risperidone. Adverse reactions reported with oral risperidone and risperidone long-acting injection can be found in the Adverse Reactions (6) sections of the package inserts for those products.
Drug Interactions
Drugs that may cause orthostatic hypotension: An additive effect may occur when co-administered with ERZOFRI. ( 7.1 ) Strong CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducers : Avoid using a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp during a dosing interval for ERZOFRI. If concomitant use is necessary, consider using paliperidone extended-release tablets. ( 2.5 , 7.1 , 12.3 ) 7.1 Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with ERZOFRI Because paliperidone palmitate is hydrolyzed to paliperidone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] , results from studies with oral paliperidone should be taken into consideration when assessing drug-drug interaction potential. Table 12 presents clinically significant drug interactions with ERZOFRI. Table 12: Clinically Important Drug Interactions with ERZOFRI Centrally Acting Drugs and Alcohol Clinical Rationale: Given the primary CNS effects of paliperidone, concomitant use of centrally acting drugs and alcohol may modulate the CNS effects of ERZOFRI. Clinical Recommendation: ERZOFRI should be used with caution in combination with other centrally acting drugs and alcohol [see Adverse Reactions (6.1 , 6.2) ] . Drugs with Potential for Inducing Orthostatic Hypotension Clinical Rationale: Because ERZOFRI has the potential for inducing orthostatic hypotension, an additive effect may occur when ERZOFRI is administered with other therapeutic agents that have this potential [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . Clinical Recommendation: Monitor orthostatic vital signs in patients who are vulnerable to hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . Strong Inducers of CYP3A4 and P-gp Clinical Rationale: The concomitant use of paliperidone and strong inducers of CYP3A4 and P-gp may decrease the exposure of paliperidone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Clinical Recommendation: Avoid using CYP3A4 and/or P-gp inducers with ERZOFRI during the 1-month dosing interval, if possible. If administering a strong inducer is necessary, consider managing the patient using paliperidone extended-release tablets [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) ] . Levodopa and Other Dopamine Agonists Clinical Rationale: Paliperidone may antagonize the effect of levodopa and other dopamine agonists. Clinical Recommendation: Monitor and manage patient as clinically appropriate. 7.2 Drugs Having No Clinically Important Interactions with ERZOFRI Based on pharmacokinetic studies with oral paliperidone, no dosage adjustment of ERZOFRI is required when administered with valproate [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Additionally, no dosage adjustment is necessary for valproate when co-administered with ERZOFRI [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Pharmacokinetic interaction between lithium and ERZOFRI is also unlikely. Paliperidone is not expected to cause clinically important pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 isozymes. In vitro studies indicate that CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 may be involved in paliperidone metabolism; however, there is no evidence in vivo that inhibitors of these enzymes significantly affect the metabolism of paliperidone. Paliperidone is not a substrate of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19; an interaction with inhibitors or inducers of these isozymes is unlikely. [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]
Storage & Handling
Storage and Handling Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not mix with any other product or diluent.
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