SPL Set ID: bd5e4db5-8787-4428-2cb6-ef6f8a5e08af

Melphalan, also known as L-phenylalanine mustard, phenylalanine mustard, L-PAM, or L-sarcolysin, is a phenylalanine derivative of nitrogen mustard. Melphalan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that is active against selected human neoplastic diseases. It is known chemically as 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine monohydrochloride. The molecular formula is C 13 H 18 C l2 N 2 O 2 . HCl and the molecular weight is 341.67. The structural formula is: Melphalan is the active L-isomer of the compound and was first synthesized in 1953 by Bergel and Stock; the D-isomer, known as medphalan, is less active against certain animal tumors, and the dose needed to produce effects on chromosomes is larger than that required with the L-isomer. The racemic (DL-) form is known as merphalan or sarcolysin. Melphalan is practically insoluble in water and has a pKa1 of∼2.5. Melphalan salt is practically insoluble in acetone and chlorinated organic solvents. Slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol. Soluble in water, 0.1 N HCl and 0.1 N NaOH. Melphalan hydrochloride for injection is supplied as a sterile,nonpyrogenic, freeze-dried powder. Each single-dose vial contains melphalan hydrochloride equivalent to 50 mg melphalan and 20 mg povidone. Melphalan hydrochloride for injection is reconstituted using the sterile diluent provided. Each vial of sterile diluent contains sodium citrate 0.2 g, propylene glycol 6 mL, ethanol (96%) 0.52 mL, and Water for Injection toa total of 10 mL. Melphalan hydrochloride for injection is administered intravenously.