SPL Set ID: 30c20889-2b12-4d73-b4ce-0e1b49b3e3c3

The barbiturates are nonselective central nervous system (CNS) depressants that are primarily used as sedative-hypnotics. In subhypnotic doses, they are also used as anticonvulsants. The barbiturates and their sodium salts are subject to control under the Federal Controlled Substances Act. Phenobarbital is a barbituric acid derivative and occurs as white, odorless, small crystals or crystalline powder that is very slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides and carbonates; sparingly soluble in chloroform. Phenobarbital is 5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid and has the empirical formula C12H12N2O3. Its molecular weight is 232.24. It has the following structural formula: Phenobarbital is a substituted pyrimidine derivative in which the basic structure is barbituric acid, a substance that has no CNS activity. CNS activity is obtained by substituting alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl groups on the pyrimidine ring. Each 5 mL (teaspoon) contains 20 mg Phenobarbital and Alcohol 14.25%. The oral solution also contains FD&C Red #40, glycerin, natural and artificial orange flavor, propylene glycol, benzyl alcohol, natural flavor, tocopherol, vegetable oil, purified water, and sucrose. image description