macleods pharmaceuticals limited - Medication Listings

Levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP is L-thyroxine (T4) and contains synthetic crystalline L-3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyronine sodium salt. Synthetic T4 is chemically identical to that produced in the human thyroid gland. Levothyroxine (T4) sodium has an empirical formula of C 15 H 10 I 4 N NaO 4 • H 2 O, molecular weight of 798.86 (anhydrous), and structural formula as shown: Levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP for oral administration are supplied in the following strengths: 25 mcg, 50 mcg, 75 mcg, 88 mcg, 100 mcg, 112 mcg, 125 mcg, 137 mcg, 150 mcg, 175 mcg, 200 mcg, and 300 mcg. Each Levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP contains the inactive ingredients croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide and sodium stearyl fumarate. Levothyroxine sodium tablets, USP contain no ingredients made from a gluten-containing grain (wheat, barley, or rye). Table 9 provides a listing of the color additives by tablet strength: Table 9: Levothyroxine Sodium Tablet Color Additives Strength (mcg) Color additive(s) 25 FD & C Yellow No. 6 Aluminium Lake* 50 None 75 FD & C Red No. 40 Aluminium Lake FD & C Blue No. 2 Aluminium Lake 88 FD & C Yellow No. 6 Aluminium Lake* FD & C Blue No. 1 Aluminium Lake 100 FD & C Yellow No. 6 Aluminium Lake* D & C Yellow No. 10 Lake 112 FD & C Red No. 40 Aluminium Lake 125 FD & C Yellow No. 6 Aluminium Lake* FD & C Red No. 40 Aluminium Lake FD & C Blue No. 1 Aluminium Lake 137 FD & C Blue No. 1 Aluminium Lake 150 FD & C Blue No. 2 Aluminium Lake 175 FD & C Red No. 40 Aluminium Lake FD & C Blue No. 2 Aluminium Lake 200 FD & C Red No. 40 Aluminium Lake 300 FD & C Yellow No. 6 Aluminium Lake* FD & C Blue No. 1 Aluminium Lake D & C Yellow No. 10 Lake * Note - FD&C Yellow No. 6 is orange in color. Levothyroxine Sodium Tablet, USP meets USP Dissolution Test 2. str

Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Atorvastatin calcium is [R-R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ß, δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1) trihydrate. The empirical formula of atorvastatin calcium is (C 33 H 34 FN 2 O 5 ) 2 Ca•3H 2 O and its molecular weight is 1209.42. Its structural formula is: Atorvastatin calcium is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is insoluble in aqueous solutions of pH 4 and below. Atorvastatin calcium is very slightly soluble in distilled water, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, and acetonitrile; slightly soluble in ethanol; and freely soluble in methanol. Atorvastatin calcium tablets, USP for oral administration contain 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg (equivalent to 10.34 mg, 20.68 mg, 41.36 mg, or 82.72 mg atorvastatin calcium anhydrous) atorvastatin and the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, calcium carbonate, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polysorbate 80, magnesium stearate, , hypromellose, talc, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol. atorvastatine-calcium-structure

Metformin hydrochloride tablets, USP/ metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets,USP contain the antihyperglycemic agent metformin, which is a biguanide, in the form of monohydrochloride. The chemical name of metformin hydrochloride is N,N -dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride. The structural formula is as shown below: Metformin hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline compound with a molecular formula of C 4 H 11 N 5 •HCl and a molecular weight of 165.63. It is freely soluble in water and is practically insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pK a of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride is 6.68. Metformin hydrochloride tablets,USP contain 500 mg, 850 mg, or 1000 mg of metformin hydrochloride, USP. Each tablet contains the inactive ingredients povidone, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate and magnesium stearate. In addition, the coating for the tablets contains hypromellose and polyethylene glycol. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets,USP contain 500 mg or 750 mg of metformin hydrochloride, USP as the active ingredient. Each tablet contains the inactive ingredients carbomer homopolymer type A, magnesium trisilicate, dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, xanthan gum, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol and talc. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets 750 mg also contain iron oxide red. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets: USP Dissolution test is pending. metformin hydrochloride structure

Metformin Hydrochloride extended release tablet, USP contains the biguanide antihyperglycemic agent metformin in the form of monohydrochloride salt. The chemical name of metformin hydrochloride is N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride. The structural formula is as shown: Metformin hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline compound with a molecular formula of C 4 H 11 N 5 •HCl and a molecular weight of 165.63. Metformin hydrochloride is freely soluble in water and is practically insoluble in acetone, ether, and chloroform. The pKa of metformin is 12.4. The pH of a 1% aqueous solution of metformin hydrochloride is 6.68. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets contain 1,000 mg of metformin hydrochloride, which is equivalent to 779.86 mg metformin. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets are modified release dosage forms that contain 1,000 mg of metformin HCl. Each 1,000 mg tablet contains ammonium dioxide, black iron oxide, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone type B, ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymer dispersion, glyceryl dibehenate, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, polyvinyl alcohol, propylene glycol, shellac glaze, simethicone emulsion, talc, titanium dioxide. Metformin hydrochloride extended-release 1,000 mg tablets are formulated to gradually release metformin to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. FDA approved dissolution method differs from the current USP monograph dissolution methods str

Losartan potassium USP are an angiotensin II receptor blocker acting on the AT 1 receptor subtype. Losartan potassium USP, a non-peptide molecule, is chemically described as 2-butyl-4-chloro-1-[p-(o-1H-tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]imidazole-5-methanol monopotassium salt. Its molecular formula is C 22 H 22 ClKN 6 O, and its structural formula is: Losartan potassium USP is a white to off-white free-flowing crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 461.01. It is freely soluble in water, soluble in alcohols, and slightly soluble in common organic solvents, such as acetonitrile and methyl ethyl ketone. Oxidation of the 5-hydroxymethyl group on the imidazole ring results in the active metabolite of losartan. Losartan potassium is available as tablets for oral administration containing either 25 mg, 50 mg or 100 mg of losartan potassium USP and the following inactive ingredients: silicified microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, corn starch, povidone, collodial silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, and titanium dioxide. Losartan potassium USP 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg tablets contain potassium in the following amounts: 2.12 mg (0.054 mEq), 4.24 mg (0.108 mEq) and 8.48mg (0.216 mEq), respectively. str

Montelukast sodium, USP the active ingredient in montelukast sodium tablets, is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT 1 receptor. Montelukast sodium, USP is described chemically as [R-(E)]-1-[[[1-[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl] phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl] propyl]thio]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid, monosodium salt. The empirical formula is C 35 H 35 ClNNaO 3 S, and its molecular weight is 608.18. The structural formula is: Montelukast sodium, USP is a hygroscopic, optically active, white to off-white powder. Montelukast sodium is freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, and water and practically insoluble in acetonitrile. Each 10-mg film-coated montelukast sodium tablet, USP contains 10.4 mg montelukast sodium, USP which is equivalent to 10 mg of montelukast, and the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, disodium edetate and magnesium stearate. The film coating consists of: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, titanium dioxide, red ferric oxide and yellow ferric oxide. montelukast-structural

Montelukast sodium USP, the active ingredient in montelukast sodium chewable tablet, USP is a selective and orally active leukotriene receptor antagonist that inhibits the cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT 1 receptor. Montelukast sodium, USP is described chemically as [R-(E)]-1-[[[1-[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl) ethenyl] phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxymethylethyl) phenyl] propyl] thio] methyl] cyclopropaneacetic acid, monosodium salt. The empirical formula is C 35 H 35 CINNaO 3 S, and its molecular weight is 608.18. The structural formula is: Montelukast sodium USP is a hygroscopic, optically active, white to off-white powder. Montelukast sodium USP is freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, and water and practically insoluble in acetonitrile. Each 4 mg and 5 mg montelukast sodium chewable tablets, USP contains 4.2 and 5.2 mg montelukast sodium USP, respectively, which are equivalent to 4 and 5 mg of montelukast, respectively. Both chewable tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: aspartame, croscarmellose sodium, cherry flavor, disodium edetate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate and red ferric oxide. 112

The active ingredient in the esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsules for oral administration is bis(5-methoxy-2-[(S)-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2 pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1 H -benzimidazole-1-yl) magnesium dihydrate. Esomeprazole is the S-isomer of omeprazole, which is a mixture of the S-and R-isomers. (Initial U.S. approval of esomeprazole magnesium: 2001). Its molecular formula is (C 17 H 18 N 3 O 3 S) 2 Mg x 2 H 2 O with molecular weight of 749.15 as a dihydrate and 713.1 on an anhydrous basis. The structural formula is: The magnesium salt is a white to slightly colored crystalline powder. It contains 2 moles of water of solvation and is slightly soluble in water. The stability of esomeprazole magnesium is a function of pH; it rapidly degrades in acidic media, but it has acceptable stability under alkaline conditions. At pH 6.8 (buffer), the half-life of the magnesium salt is about 19 hours at 25°C and about 8 hours at 37°C. Esomeprazole magnesium is supplied in delayed-release capsules. Each esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release capsule contains 20 mg, or 40 mg of esomeprazole (present as 21.7 mg, or 43.4 mg esomeprazole magnesium dihydrate) in the form of enteric-coated granules with the following inactive ingredients: sugar spheres, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, polysorbate 80, simethicon, talc, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid copolymer, triethyl citrate and mono- and di – glycerides. The capsule shells have the following inactive ingredients: gelatin, sodium lauryl sulphate, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #40, D&C Red #28, titanium dioxide, shellac, propylene glycol, yellow iron oxide. Meets USP Dissolution Test 2 structure

Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, available as capsules containing 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg celecoxib USP for oral administration. The chemical name is 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] benzenesulfonamide and is a diaryl-substituted pyrazole. The molecular weight is 381.38. Its molecular formula is C 17 H 14 F 3 N 3 O 2 S, and it has the following chemical structure: Celecoxib USP is a white to off-white powder with a pKa of 11.1 (sulfonamide moiety). Celecoxib USP is hydrophobic (log P is 3.5) and is practically insoluble in aqueous media at physiological pH range. The inactive ingredients in celecoxib capsules include: gelatin, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, crospovidone and titanium dioxide. The imprinting ink of capsule shell of the 50 mg capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: shellac, propylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, povidone and FD&C Red#40 Aluminum Lake- E129. The imprinting ink of capsule shell of the 100 mg capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution and FD&C Blue#2 Aluminum Lake-E132. The imprinting ink of capsule shell of the 200 mg capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution and yellow iron oxide. The imprinting ink of capsule shell of the 400 mg capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: shellac, propylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, povidone, titanium dioxide, FD&C Blue#1 Aluminum Lake- E133 and FD&C Yellow#5 Aluminum Lake-E102. structure

Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride USP is a skeletal muscle relaxant which relieves muscle spasm of local origin without interfering with muscle function. The active ingredient in cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride extended-release capsules is cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, USP. Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (HCl) is a white, crystalline tricyclic amine salt with the empirical formula C 20 H 21 N•HCl and a molecular weight of 311.9. It has a melting point of 217°C, and a pKa of 8.47 at 25°C. It is freely soluble in water and alcohol, sparingly soluble in isopropanol, and insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents. If aqueous solutions are made alkaline, the free base separates. Cyclobenzaprine HCl is designated chemically as 3-(5 H -dibenzo[ a,d ] cyclohepten-5-ylidene)- N,N -dimethyl-1-propanamine hydrochloride, and has the following structural formula: Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride extended-release capsules USP for oral administration are supplied in 15 and 30 mg strengths. Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride extended-release capsules USP contain the following inactive ingredients: sugar spheres, hypromellose, colloidal silicon dioxide, ethyl cellulose. In addition, the capsule shell consists of gelatin, sodium lauryl sulphate, titanium dioxide, FD & C Red 40. Also, 15 mg strength capsules contain FD & C Green 3 and D & C Yellow 10 and 30 mg strength capsules contain FD & C Yellow 6 and FD & C Blue 1. USP Dissolution Test pending structure

Each Triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide capsule, USP for oral use, with opaque red cap and opaque white body, contains hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and triamterene 37.5 mg, and is imprinted with "T 49" on the body with black ink. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic/antihypertensive agent and triamterene is an antikaliuretic agent. Hydrochlorothiazide, USP is slightly soluble in water. It is soluble in dilute ammonia, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, and dimethylformamide. It is sparingly soluble in methanol. Hydrochlorothiazide, USP is 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide, and its structural formula is: At 50°C, triamterene, USP is practically insoluble in water (less than 0.1%). It is soluble in formic acid, sparingly soluble in methoxyethanol, and very slightly soluble in alcohol. Triamterene, USP is 2, 4, 7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine and its structural formula is: Inactive ingredients consist of microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, sodium starch glycolate, cetylpyridinium chloride, povidone, polysorbate 80, glycine, magnesium stearate. The capsule shells have the following inactive ingredients: gelatin, D&C Red No. 33, FD&C Yellow No. 6 and titanium dioxide. The black ink has the following inactive ingredients: shellac, propylene glycol, black iron oxide E172 and potassium hydroxide. FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP 178 159

Clopidogrel tablets, USP is a thienopyridine class inhibitor of P2Y 12 ADP platelet receptors. Chemically it is methyl (+)-(S)-α-(2-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine-5 (4H)- acetate sulfate (1:1). The empirical formula of clopidogrel bisulfate is C 16 H 16 ClNO 2 S•H 2 SO 4 and its molecular weight is 419.9. The structural formula is as follows: Clopidogrel bisulfate, USP are a white to off-white powder. It is practically insoluble in water at neutral pH but freely soluble at pH 1. It also dissolves freely in methanol, dissolves sparingly in methylene chloride, and is practically insoluble in ethyl ether. It has a specific optical rotation of about +56°. Clopidogrel tablets USP, 75 mg for oral administration is provided as pink, circular, biconvex, debossed, film-coated tablets containing 97.875 mg of clopidogrel bisulfate which is the molar equivalent of 75 mg of clopidogrel base. Each tablet contains lactose monohydrate, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, dimethicone and hydrogenated castor oil as inactive ingredients. The pink film coating contains hypromellose 2910, polyethylene glycol 400, titanium dioxide and iron oxide red. structure

Rosuvastatin calcium, USP is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent for oral administration. The chemical name for rosuvastatin calcium, USP is bis[(E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino] pyrimidin-5-yl](3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid] calcium salt with the following structural formula: The empirical formula for rosuvastatin calcium USP, is (C22H27FN3O6S)2Ca and the molecular weight is 1,001.14. Rosuvastatin calcium, USP is a white amorphous powder that is sparingly soluble in water and methanol, and slightly soluble in ethanol. Rosuvastatin calcium, USP is a hydrophilic compound with a partition coefficient (octanol/water) of 0.13 at pH of 7.0. Rosuvastatin tablets, USP for oral administration contain 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg of rosuvastatin and the following inactive ingredients: Each tablet contains: anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, crospovidone, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, titanium dioxide and triacetin. The 5 mg tablets contain iron oxide yellow and 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg tablets contain iron oxide red. FDA approved dissolution method differs from the current USP monograph dissolution methods. rosuvastatin-str.jpg

Sildenafil Tablets, USP phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, is the citrate salt of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5). Sildenafil is also marketed as VIAGRA® for erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil citrate, USP is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1 H -pyrazolo [4,3- d ] pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl] sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula: Sildenafil citrate, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 3.5 mg/mL in water and a molecular weight of 666.7. Sildenafil Tablets USP, 20 mg: Sildenafil tablets are formulated as white to off white, film-coated round tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains sildenafil citrate equivalent to 20 mg of sildenafil. In addition to the active ingredient, sildenafil citrate, USP each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide and triacetin. str

Sildenafil citrate, USP phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, is the citrate salt of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5). Sildenafil is also marketed as VIAGRA ® for erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil citrate, USP is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1 H -pyrazolo [4,3- d ] pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl] sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula : Sildenafil citrate, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 3.5 mg/mL in water and a molecular weight of 666.7. Sildenafil Tablets USP, 20 mg: Sildenafil tablets are formulated as white, film-coated round tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains sildenafil citrate equivalent to 20 mg of sildenafil. In addition to the active ingredient, sildenafil citrate, USP each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, titanium dioxide and triacetin. str

Sildenafil Tablets, USP an oral therapy for erectile dysfunction, is the citrate salt of sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Sildenafil citrate, USP is designated chemically as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3 d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4 methylpiperazine citrate and has the following structural formula: Sildenafil citrate, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 3.5 mg/mL in water and a molecular weight of 666.7. Sildenafil tablets, USP are formulated as white to off-white, diamond shaped film-coated tablets containing sildenafil citrate, USP equivalent to 25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg of sildenafil for oral administration. In addition to the active ingredient, sildenafil citrate USP, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, hypromellose, magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. The film coating ingredient contains: Hypromellose, titanium dioxide, triacetin sildenafil-structure.jpg

Donepezil hydrochloride, USP are a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, known chemically as (±)-2, 3-dihydro-5, 6-dimethoxy-2-[[1-(phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-1 H -inden-1-one hydrochloride. Donepezil hydrochloride USP is commonly referred to in the pharmacological literature as E2020. It has an empirical formula of C 24 H 29 NO 3 HCl and a molecular weight of 415.96. Donepezil hydrochloride USP is a white crystalline powder and is freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in water and in glacial acetic acid, slightly soluble in ethanol and in acetonitrile, and practically insoluble in ethyl acetate and in n-hexane. Donepezil hydrochloride USP is available for oral administration in film-coated tablets containing 5, 10, or 23 mg of donepezil hydrochloride. Inactive ingredients in 5 mg and 10 mg tablets are lactose monohydrate, pregelatinised starch, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide and magnesium stearate. The film coating contains talc, propylene glycol, hypromellose and titanium dioxide. Additionally, the 10 mg tablet contains yellow iron oxide (synthetic) as a coloring agent. Inactive ingredients in 23 mg tablets include hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate and hypromellose. The film coating includes ferric oxide red, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, talc and titanium dioxide. USP Dissolution Test pending. Donepezil hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets USP are available for oral administration. Each donepezil hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets contains 5 or 10 mg of donepezil hydrochloride USP. Inactive ingredients are mannitol, crospovidone, sucralose, sodium chloride, ferric oxide yellow and magnesium stearate. str

Duloxetine delayed-release capsules, USP are a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) for oral administration. Its chemical designation is (+)-(S)-N-methyl-γ-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-thiophenepropylamine hydrochloride. The empirical formula is C 18 H 19 NOS•HCl, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 333.88. The structural formula is: Duloxetine hydrochloride is a white to slightly brownish white solid, which is slightly soluble in water. Each capsule contains enteric-coated pellets of 20, 30, or 60 mg of duloxetine (equivalent to 22.4, 33.7, or 67.3 mg of duloxetine hydrochloride, respectively). These enteric-coated pellets are designed to prevent degradation of the drug in the acidic environment of the stomach. Inactive ingredients include FD&C Blue No. 2, gelatin, hypromellose, hypromellose phthalate, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyethylene glycol, sucrose, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide, and triethyl citrate. The 20 and 60 mg capsules also contain iron oxide yellow. str

Tramadol hydrochloride, USP is an opioid agonist in an extended-release tablet formulation for oral use. The chemical name is (±) cis-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3- methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochloride. Its structural formula is: The molecular weight of tramadol HCl is 299.8. It is a white, bitter, crystalline and odorless powder that is readily soluble in water and ethanol and has a pKa of 9.41. The n-octanol/water log partition coefficient (logP) is 1.35 at pH 7. Tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablets, USP contain 100, 200 or 300 mg of tramadol HCl in an extended-release formulation. The tablets are white to off-white in color and contain the inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol. The imprinting ink opacode black contains shellac glaze, black iron oxide and ammonium hydroxide str

Escitalopram oral solution, USP contains escitalopram a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), present as escitalopram oxalate salt. Escitalopram is the pure S- enantiomer (single isomer) of the racemic bicyclic phthalane derivative citalopram. Escitalopram oxalate is designated S-(+)-1-[3(dimethyl-amino)propyl]-1-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-phthalancarbonitrile oxalate with the following structural formula: The molecular formula is C 20 H 21 FN 2 O • C 2 H 2 O 4 and the molecular weight is 414.40. Escitalopram oxalate USP occurs as a fine, white to slightly-yellow powder and is freely soluble in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), soluble in isotonic saline solution, sparingly soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, and insoluble in heptane. Escitalopram oral solution, USP is clear, colourless to opalescent flavored liquid contains 1.28 mg/ mL escitalopram oxalate, USP equivalent to 1 mg/mL escitalopram base. It also contains the following inactive ingredients: sorbitol, purified water, citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid, glycerin, propylene glycol, methylparaben, propylparaben, and natural peppermint flavor. struc

Abacavir and lamivudine tablets ,USP Abacavir and lamivudine tablets,USP contain the following 2 synthetic nucleoside analogues: abacavir (ZIAGEN, also a component of TRIZIVIR) and lamivudine (also known as EPIVIR or 3TC) with inhibitory activity against HIV-1. Abacavir and lamivudine tablets, USP are for oral administration. Each orange, film-coated tablet contains the active ingredients 600 mg of abacavir as abacavir sulfate USP and 300 mg of Lamivudine USP, and the inactive ingredients magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, colloidal silicon dioxide, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and povidone. The tablets are coated with a film (Instacoat Universal Orange A05G32713) that is made of FD&C Yellow No. 6, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol 400, polysorbate 80, and titanium dioxide. Abacavir Sulfate The chemical name of abacavir sulfate is (1S, cis )-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9 H -purin-9yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol sulfate (salt) (2:1). Abacavir sulfate is the enantiomer with 1S, 4R absolute configuration on the cyclopentene ring. It has a molecular formula of (C 14 H 18 N 6 O) 2 •H 2 SO 4 and a molecular weight of 670.76 g per mol. It has the following structural formula: Abacavir sulfate is a white to off-white solid and is soluble in water. In vivo, abacavir sulfate dissociates to its free base, abacavir. Dosages are expressed in terms of abacavir. Lamivudine The chemical name of lamivudine is (2R,cis)-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one. Lamivudine is the (-)enantiomer of a dideoxy analogue of cytidine. Lamivudine has also been referred to as (-) 2′, 3′-dideoxy, 3′-thiacytidine. It has a molecular formula of C 8 H 11 N 3 O 3 S and a molecular weight of 229.3 g per mol. It has the following structural formula: Lamivudine is a white to off-white crystalline solid and is soluble in water. aba-str lami-str

Acyclovir USP is a synthetic nucleoside analogue active against herpes viruses. Acyclovir Ointment USP, 5% is a formulation for topical administration. Each gram of Acyclovir Ointment USP, 5% contains 50 mg of acyclovir, USP in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) base. Acyclovir, USP is a white, crystalline powder with the molecular formula C 8 H 11 N 5 O 3 and a molecular weight of 225. The maximum solubility in water at 37°C is 2.5 mg/mL. The pka's of acyclovir are 2.27 and 9.25. The chemical name of acyclovir is 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6H-purin-6-one; it has the following structural formula: VIROLOGY Mechanism of Antiviral Action: Acyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1), 2 (HSV-2), and varicella zoster virus (VZV). The inhibitory activity of acyclovir is highly selective due to its affinity for the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV and VZV. This viral enzyme converts acyclovir into acyclovir monophosphate, a nucleotide analogue. The monophosphate is further converted into diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. In vitro, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DNA. This is accomplished in three ways: 1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, 2) incorporation into and termination of the growing viral DNA chain, and 3) inactivation of the viral DNA polymerase. The greater antiviral activity of acyclovir against HSV compared to VZV is due to its more efficient phosphorylation by the viral TK. Antiviral Activities: The quantitative relationship between the in vitro susceptibility of herpes viruses to antivirals and the clinical response to therapy has not been established in humans, and virus sensitivity testing has not been standardized. Sensitivity testing results, expressed as the concentration of drug required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus in cell culture (IC50), vary greatly depending upon a number of factors. Using plaque-reduction assays, the IC50 against HSV isolates ranges from 0.02 to 13.5 mcg/mL for HSV-1 and from 0.01 to 9.9 mcg/mL for HSV-2. The IC50 for acyclovir against most laboratory strains and clinical isolates of VZV ranges from 0.12 to 10.8 mcg/mL. Acyclovir also demonstrates activity against the Oka vaccine strain of VZV with a mean IC50 of 1.35 mcg/mL. Drug Resistance: Resistance of HSV and VZV to acyclovir can result from qualitative and quantitative changes in the viral TK and/or DNA polymerase. Clinical isolates of HSV and VZV with reduced susceptibility to acyclovir have been recovered from immunocompromised patients, especially with advanced HIV infection. While most of the acyclovir-resistant mutants isolated thus far from immunocompromised patients have been found to be TK-deficient mutants, other mutants involving the viral TK gene (TK partial and TK altered) and DNA polymerase have been isolated. TK-negative mutants may cause severe disease in infants and immunocompromised adults. The possibility of viral resistance to acyclovir should be considered in patients who show poor clinical response during therapy. str

Amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil provided as a tablet for oral administration, is a combination of the calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine besylate and the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) olmesartan medoxomil. The amlodipine besylate component, USP of amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil tablets is chemically described as 3-ethyl-5-methyl (±)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, monobenzenesulphonate. Its empirical formula is C 20 H 25 ClN 2 O 5 •C 6 H 6 O 3 S. Olmesartan medoxomil, USP a prodrug, is hydrolyzed to olmesartan during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The olmesartan medoxomil, USP component of amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil tablets is chemically described as 2,3-dihydroxy-2-butenyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-propyl-1-[ p -(o-1 H -tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]imidazole-5-carboxylate, cyclic 2,3-carbonate. Its empirical formula is C 29 H 30 N 6 O 6 . The structural formula for amlodipine besylate, USP is: The structural formula for olmesartan medoxomil, USP is: Amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil tablets contains amlodipine besylate, USP a white to off-white crystalline powder, and olmesartan medoxomil, USP a white to light yellowish-white powder or crystalline powder. The molecular weights of amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil are 567.1 and 558.59, respectively. Amlodipine besylate, USP is slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Olmesartan medoxomil, USP is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol. Each tablet of amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil tablets also contains the following inactive ingredients: silicified microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, pregelatinized maize starch, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The color coatings contain polyvinyl alcohol, macrogol/ polyethylene glycol 3350, titanium dioxide, talc, iron oxide yellow (5 mg/40 mg, 10 mg/20 mg, 10 mg/40 mg tablets), iron oxide red (10 mg/20 mg and 10 mg/40 mg tablets). amlo olme

Amlodipine and valsartan tablets, USP are a fixed combination of amlodipine and valsartan. Amlodipine and valsartan tablets, USP contains the besylate salt of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker (CCB). Amlodipine besylate is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Amlodipine besylate’s chemical name is 3-Ethyl-5-methyl(4RS)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate benzenesulphonate; its structural formula is: Its molecular formula is C 20 H 25 ClN 2 O 5 •C 6 H 6 O 3 S and its molecular weight is 567.1. Valsartan is a nonpeptide, orally active, and specific angiotensin II antagonist acting on the AT1 receptor subtype. Valsartan is a white to practically white fine powder, soluble in ethanol and methanol and slightly soluble in water. Valsartan’s chemical name is N-(1-oxopentyl)-N-[[2’-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) [1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl]-L-valine; its structural formula is: Its molecular formula is C 24 H 29 N 5 O 3 and its molecular weight is 435.5. Amlodipine and valsartan tablets, USP are formulated in 4 strengths for oral administration with a combination of amlodipine besylate, (6.9 mg or 13.9 mg, equivalent to 5 mg or 10 mg of amlodipine respectively) with 160 mg, or 320 mg of valsartan providing for the following available combinations: 5/160 mg, 10/160 mg, 5/320 mg, and 10/320 mg. The inactive ingredients of all strengths of the tablets are microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate. Additionally the 5/320 mg and 10/320 mg strengths contain ferric oxide yellow. The film coating contains hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, talc, titanium dioxide, iron oxide yellow. Additionally the 5/320 mg and 10/160 mg contain iron oxide red. Meets USP Dissolution Test 3. amlodipine-valsartan-tab-amlo-api-str amlodipine-valsartan-tab-val-api-str

Amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, USP are a fixed combination of amlodipine, valsartan, and hydrochlorothiazide. Amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, USP contains the besylate salt of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Amlodipine besylate, USP is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Amlodipine besylate’s chemical name is 3-Ethyl 5-methyl (±)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4(o-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, monobenzenesulfonate ; its structural formula is: Its molecular formula is C 20 H 25 ClN 2 O 5 .C 6 H 6 O 3 S and its molecular weight is 567.1. Valsartan, USP is a nonpeptide, orally active, and specific angiotensin II antagonist acting on the AT 1 receptor subtype. Valsartan is a white to practically white fine powder, soluble in ethanol and methanol and slightly soluble in water. Valsartan’s chemical name is N-(1-oxopentyl)-N-[[2´-(1 H -tetrazol-5-yl) [1,1´-biphenyl]-4yl]methyl]-L-valine; its structural formula is: Its molecular formula is C 24 H 29 N 5 O 3 and its molecular weight is 435.5. Hydrochlorothiazide, USP is a white, or practically white, practically odorless, crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in sodium hydroxide solution, in n -butylamine, and in dimethylformamide; sparingly soluble in methanol; and insoluble in ether, in chloroform, and in dilute mineral acids. Hydrochlorothiazide is chemically described as 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2 H -1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. Its molecular formula is C 7 H 8 ClN 3 O 4 S 2 , its molecular weight is 297.73, and its structural formula is: Amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide film-coated tablets, USP are formulated in 5 strengths for oral administration with a combination of amlodipine besylate, valsartan, and hydrochlorothiazide, providing for the following available combinations: 5/160/12.5 mg, 10/160/12.5 mg, 5/160/25 mg, 10/160/25 mg, and 10/320/25 mg amlodipine besylate/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide. The inactive ingredients for all strengths of the tablets include colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, talc. Additionally, the 5/160/12.5 mg strength contains titanium dioxide; the 10/160/12.5 mg strength contains titanium dioxide and yellow and red iron oxides; the 5/160/25 mg strength contains titanium dioxide and yellow iron oxide, and the 10/160/25 mg and 10/320/25 mg strengths both contain yellow iron oxide. amlodipine-struc valsartan-struc HCTZ-struc

Apixaban, a factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, is chemically described as 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-6-[4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl) phenyl]-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydro-1 H-pyrazolo [3, 4c] pyridine-3-carboxamide. Its molecular formula is C 25 H 25 N 5 O 4 , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 459.5. Apixaban has the following structural formula: Apixaban is a white to pale-yellow powder. At physiological pH (1.2–6.8), apixaban does not ionize; its aqueous solubility across the physiological pH range is ~0.04 mg/mL. Apixaban tablets are available for oral administration in strengths of 2.5 mg and 5 mg of apixaban with the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, sodium lauryl sulfate, povidone and magnesium stearate. The film coating contains hypromellose, titanium dioxide, triacetin, and yellow iron oxide (2.5 mg tablets) or red iron oxide (5 mg tablets). str

Aripiprazole, USP is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is available as aripiprazole tablets, USP. Aripiprazole, USP is 7-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1piperazinyl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril. The empirical formula is C 23 H 27 C 12 N 3 O 2 and its molecular weight is 448.38. The chemical structure is: Aripiprazole tablets, USP are available in 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg strengths. Inactive ingredients include corn starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. Colorants include ferric oxide (yellow or red) and FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake. str

Candesartan cilexetil, USP a prodrug, is hydrolyzed to candesartan during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Candesartan is a selective AT 1 subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Candesartan cilexetil, USP a nonpeptide, is chemically described as (±)-1-Hydroxyethyl 2-ethoxy-1-[ p -( o -1 H- tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]-7-benzimidazolecarboxylate, cyclohexyl carbonate (ester). Its molecular formula is C 33 H 34 N 6 O 6 , and its structural formula is Candesartan cilexetil, USP is a white to off-white powder with a molecular weight of 610.67. It is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol. Candesartan cilexetil USP is a racemic mixture containing one chiral center at the cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy ethyl ester group. Following oral administration, candesartan cilexetil undergoes hydrolysis at the ester link to form the active drug, candesartan, which is achiral. Candesartan cilexetil, USP is available for oral use as tablets containing either 4 mg, 8 mg, 16 mg, or 32 mg of candesartan cilexetil and the following inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, corn starch, glycerin, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, and magnesium stearate. Ferric oxide is added to the 8-mg, 16-mg, and 32-mg tablets as a colorant. 1

Candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide tablets combines an angiotensin II receptor (type AT 1 ) antagonist and a diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. Candesartan cilexetil, USP a nonpeptide, is chemically described as (±)-1-Hydroxyethyl 2-ethoxy-1-[ p -( o -1 H -tetrazol-5- ylphenyl)benzyl]-7-benzimidazolecarboxylate, cyclohexyl carbonate (ester). Its empirical formula is C 33 H 34 N 6 O 6 , and its structural formula is Candesartan cilexetil USP is a white to off-white powder with a molecular weight of 610.67. It is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol. Candesartan cilexetil USP is a racemic mixture containing one chiral center at the cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy ethyl ester group. Following oral administration, candesartan cilexetil USP undergoes hydrolysis at the ester link to form the active drug, candesartan, which is achiral. Hydrochlorothiazide USP is 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2 H -1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide. Its empirical formula is C 7 H 8 ClN 3 O 4 S 2 and its structural formula is Hydrochlorothiazide USP is a white, or practically white, crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 297.72, which is slightly soluble in water, but freely soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. Candesartan cilexitil and hydrochlorothiazide tablets are available for oral administration in three tablet strengths of candesartan cilexetil USP and hydrochlorothiazide USP. Candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide tablets 16 mg/12.5 mg contain 16 mg of candesartan cilexetil USP and 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide USP. Candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide tablets 32 mg/12.5 mg contain 32 mg of candesartan cilexetil USP and 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide USP. Candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide tablets 32 mg/25 mg contain 32 mg of candesartan cilexetil USP and 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide USP. The inactive ingredients of the tablets are carboxymethylcellulose calcium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, corn starch, glycerin, and ferric oxide (yellow). Ferric oxide (red) is also added to the 16 mg/12.5 mg and 32 mg/25 mg tablets as colorant. cande-structure HCTZ-structure

Carbidopa, levodopa and entacapone tablets is a combination of carbidopa, levodopa, and entacapone for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 244.3. It is designated chemically as (-)-L-(α-hydrazino-(α-methyl-β-(3,4dihydroxybenzene) propanoic acid monohydrate. Its empirical formula is C 10 H 14 N 2 O 4 •H 2 O, and its structural formula is: Tablet content is expressed in terms of anhydrous carbidopa, which has a molecular weight of 226.3. Levodopa, an aromatic amino acid, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water, with a molecular weight of 197.2. It is designated chemically as (-)-L-α-amino-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propanoic acid. Its empirical formula is C 9 H 11 NO 4 , and its structural formula is: Entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, is a nitro-catechol-structured compound with a molecular weight of 305.3. The chemical name of entacapone is (E)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethyl-2-propenamide. Its empirical formula is C 14 H 15 N 3 O 5 and its structural formula is: Carbidopa, levodopa and entacapone film coated tablets is supplied as tablets in 6 strengths: 12.5 mg of carbidopa, USP; 50 mg of levodopa, USP and 200 mg of entacapone USP 18.75 mg of carbidopa, USP; 75 mg of levodopa, USP and 200 mg of entacapone USP 25 mg of carbidopa, USP; 100 mg of levodopa, USP and 200 mg of entacapone USP 31.25 mg of carbidopa, USP; 125 mg of levodopa, USP and 200 mg of entacapone USP 37.5 mg of carbidopa, USP; 150 mg of levodopa, USP and 200 mg of entacapone USP 50 mg of carbidopa, USP; 200 mg of levodopa, USP and 200 mg of entacapone USP Inactive Ingredients: Colloidal silicon dioxide, Croscarmellose sodium, Crospovidone, Magnesium stearate, Maltodextrin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone. The coating material Instacoat Brown HIS consists of Hypromellose, Polysorbate 80, Red Iron Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, Yellow Iron Oxide cle-str-carb.jpg cle-str-levo.jpg cle-str-enta.jpg

Cevimeline is cis-2’-methylspiro {1-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-3, 5’ -[1,3] oxathiolane} hydrochloride, hydrate (2:1). Its empirical formula is C 10 H 17 NOS.HCl.1/2 H 2 O, and its structural formula is: Cevimeline has a molecular weight of 244.79. It is a white to off white crystalline powder with a melting point range of 201 to 203°C. It is freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, very soluble in water, and virtually insoluble in ether. The pH of a 1% solution ranges from 4.6 to 5.6. Inactive ingredients include lactose monohydrate, low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate. Components of the capsule shell include gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and water. In addition to the ingredients listed above, imprinting black ink contains black iron oxide, butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, potassium hydroxide, shellac, strong ammonia solution, dehydrated alcohol and purified water. cevimeline-structure.jpg

Cholestyramine for Oral Suspension, USP the chloride salt of a basic anion exchange resin, a cholesterol lowering agent, is intended for oral administration. Cholestyramine resin is quite hydrophilic, but insoluble in water. Cholestyramine resin is not absorbed from the digestive tract. Nine grams of Cholestyramine for Oral Suspension, USP contain 4 grams of cholestyramine resin. It is represented by the following structural formula: Figure 1 Representation of structure of main polymeric groups Inactive ingredients: citric acid anhydrous, fructose, pectin, propylene glycol alginate, sorbitol, sucrose, xanthan gum, Mafco Magnasweet, orange flavor, D&C yellow No. 10 aluminum lake, FD&C yellow No. 6 aluminum lake. 587

Cholestyramine for oral suspension USP, light the chloride salt of a basic anion exchange resin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, is intended for oral administration. Cholestyramine resin is quite hydrophilic, but insoluble in water. Cholestyramine is not absorbed from the digestive tract. Each 5.7 grams of cholestyramine for oral suspension USP, light contain 4 grams of cholestyramine resin. It is represented by the following structural formula: Representation of structure of main polymeric groups Inactive Ingredients: aspartame, citric acid anhydrous, colloidal silicon dioxide, fructose, pectin, propylene glycol alginate, sorbitol, xanthan gum, Mafco Magnasweet MM 185, Orange flavor 501071AP0554, D&C yellow No. 10 aluminum lake and FD&C yellow No. 6 aluminum lake. structure

Clobetasol Propionate Topical Solution, USP, 0.05% w/w contains the active compound clobetasol propionate, a synthetic corticosteroid, for topical dermatologic use. Clobetasol, an analog of prednisolone, has a high degree of glucocorticoid activity and a slight degree of mineralocorticoid activity. Chemically, clobetasol propionate is (11ß,16ß)-21-chloro-9-fluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyl-17-(1-oxopropoxy)pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, and it has the following structural formula: Clobetasol propionate has the molecular formula C 25 H 32 ClFO 5 and a molecular weight of 467. It is a white to cream-colored crystalline powder insoluble in water. Clobetasol propionate topical solution contains clobetasol propionate 0.5 mg/g in a base of carbomer 974P, isopropyl alcohol (40% w/w), purified water, and sodium hydroxide. str

Clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% contains clobetasol propionate, a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid, for topical use. The corticosteroids constitute a class of primarily synthetic steroids used topically as anti-inflammatory and antipruritic agents. Clobetasol propionate is 21-chloro-9-fluoro-11β, 17-dihydroxy-16β -methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17- propionate, with the empirical formula C 25 H 32 CIFO 5 , and a molecular weight of 466.97 (CAS Registry Number 25122-46-7). The following is the chemical structure: Clobetasol propionate, USP is a white to almost white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Each gram of clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% contains 0.5 mg of clobetasol propionate, USP in a clear, colorless liquid composed of alcohol, isopropyl myristate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and undecylenic acid. 167

Clobetasol propionate ointment USP, contain the active compound clobetasol propionate, a synthetic corticosteroid, for topical dermatologic use. Clobetasol, an analog of prednisolone, has a high degree of glucocorticoid activity and a slight degree of mineralocorticoid activity. Chemically, clobetasol propionate is (11β, 16 β)-21-chloro-9-fluoro-11-hydroxy-16-methyt-17-(1-oxopropoxy)-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, and it has the following structural formula: Clobetasol propionate has the empirical formula C 25 H 32 CIF0 5 and a molecular weight of 467. It is a white to cream-colored crystalline powder insoluble in water. Clobetasol propionate ointment USP, clobetasol propionate 0.5 mg/g in a base of propylene glycol, sorbitan sesquioleate, and white petrolatum. str

Colesevelam hydrochloride is a non-absorbed, polymeric, lipid-lowering agent for oral administration. Colesevelam hydrochloride is a high-capacity bile acid-binding molecule. Colesevelam hydrochloride is poly(allylamine hydrochloride) cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and alkylated with 1-bromodecane and (6-bromohexyl)-trimethylammonium bromide. The chemical name (IUPAC) of colesevelam hydrochloride is 1-Hexaminium, N,N,N-Trimethyl-6-(2-propenylamino)-, chloride, polymer with (chloromethyl) oxirane, 2-propen-4-amine and N-2-propenyl-1-decanamine, hydrochloride. The chemical structure of colesevelam hydrochloride is represented by the following formula: wherein (a) represents allyl amine monomer units that have not been alkylated by either of the 1-bromodecane or (6-bromohexyl)-trimethylammonium bromide alkylating agents or cross-linked by epichlorohydrin; (b) represents allyl amine units that have undergone cross-linking with epichlorohydrin; (c) represents allyl amine units that have been alkylated with a decyl group; (d) represents allyl amine units that have been alkylated with a (6-trimethyl ammonium) hexyl group, and m represents a number ≥100 to indicate an extended polymer network. A small amount of the amines are dialkylated and are not depicted in the formula above. No regular order of the groups is implied by the structure; cross-linking and alkylation are expected to occur randomly along the polymer chains. A large amount of the amines are protonated. The polymer is depicted in the hydrochloride form; a small amount of the halides are bromide. Colesevelam hydrochloride is hydrophilic and insoluble in water. Colesevelam hydrochloride tablets are white to off white, capsule shaped biconvex film coated tablet, imprinted with “L56” on one side and free from physical defects, containing 625 mg colesevelam hydrochloride. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, diacetylated monoglycerides, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. The tablets are imprinted using ammonium hydroxide, black iron oxide, propylene glycol, shellac. structure

Darifenacin is an extended-release tablet for oral administration which contains 7.5 mg or 15 mg darifenacin as its hydrobromide salt. The active moiety, darifenacin, is a potent muscarinic receptor antagonist. Chemically, darifenacin hydrobromide is (S)-2-{1-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl}-2,2-diphenylacetamide hydrobromide. The empirical formula of darifenacin hydrobromide is C 28 H 30 N 2 O 2 •HBr. The structural formula is: Darifenacin hydrobromide is a white to almost white, crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 507.5. Darifenacin is a once-a-day extended-release tablet and contains the following inactive ingredients: dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous, hypromellose, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, talc, titanium dioxide. The 15 mg tablet also contains ferric oxide red and ferric oxide yellow. structure

Desvenlafaxine is an extended-release tablet for oral administration that contains desvenlafaxine succinate, a structurally novel SNRI for the treatment of MDD. Desvenlafaxine (O-desmethylvenlafaxine) is the major active metabolite of the antidepressant venlafaxine, a medication used to treat major depressive disorder. Desvenlafaxine is designated RS-4-[2-dimethylamino-1-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)ethyl]phenol and has the empirical formula of C 16 H 25 NO 2 (free base) and C 16 H 25 NO 2 •C 4 H 6 O 4 •H 2 O (succinate monohydrate). Desvenlafaxine succinate monohydrate has a molecular weight of 399.48. The structural formula is shown below. Desvenlafaxine succinate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water. The solubility of desvenlafaxine succinate is pH dependent. Its octanol:aqueous system (at pH 7.0) partition coefficient is 0.21. Desvenlafaxine is formulated as an extended-release tablet for once-a-day oral administration. Each tablet contains 76 mg or 152 mg of desvenlafaxine succinate equivalent to 50 mg or 100 mg of desvenlafaxine, respectively. Inactive ingredients for the 50 mg tablet consist of microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, isopropyl alcohol, talc, magnesium stearate and film coating, which consists of Hypromellose, Polyethylene Glycol 400, Polyethylene Glycol 6000, Talc, Titanium Dioxide, Red Iron Oxide and Yellow Iron Oxide. Inactive ingredients for the 100 mg tablet consist of microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, isopropyl alcohol, talc, magnesium stearate and film coating, which consists of Hypromellose, Polyethylene Glycol 400, Polyethylene Glycol 6000, Talc, Titanium Dioxide, Red Iron Oxide, Yellow Iron Oxide and FD&C Yellow No. 6 Al. Lake str

Dimethyl fumarate delayed-release capsules, USP contain dimethyl fumarate which is also known by its chemical name, dimethyl (E) butenedioate, (C 6 H 8 O 4 ). It has the following structure: Dimethyl fumarate, USP is a white to off-white powder that is highly soluble in water with a molecular mass of 144.13. Dimethyl fumarate delayed-release capsules, USP is provided as hard gelatin delayed-release capsules for oral administration, containing 120 mg or 240 mg of dimethyl fumarate, USP consisting of the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer type A containing Sodium laurylsulfate, methacrylic acid - ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1) dispersion containing Sodium laurylsulfate and Polysorbate 80, triethyl citrate, and talc. The capsule shell, printed with black ink, contains the following inactive ingredients: gelatin, FD&C Blue No 1, iron oxide black, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide. The black imprinting ink contains shellac, propylene glycol, black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide and strong ammonia solution. str

Doxycycline capsules 40 mg are hard gelatin capsule shells filled with two types of doxycycline beads (30 mg immediate release and 10 mg delayed release) that together provide a dose of 40 mg of anhydrous doxycycline (C22H24N2O8). The structural formula of doxycycline, USP is: with an empirical formula of C22H24N2O8•H2O and a molecular weight of 462.46. The chemical designation for doxycycline is 2-Naphthacenecarboxamide,4-(dimethylamino)- 1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6 methyl-1,11-dioxo-, [4S-(4α, 4aα, 5α, 5aα, 6α,12aα)]-, monohydrate. It is very slightly soluble in water. Inactive ingredients in the formulation are: gelatin, hypromellose, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, simethicone emulsion, sodium lauryl sulfate, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide and triethyl citrate. Active ingredients: Each capsule contains doxycycline, USP in an amount equivalent to 40 mg of anhydrous doxycycline. FDA approved dissolution test method and specifications differ from USP. doxycycline-str.jpg

Doxycycline hyclate is an antibacterial drug synthetically derived from oxytetracycline, and is available as doxycycline hyclate (doxycycline hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate); for oral administration. The structural formula of doxycycline hyclate is with a molecular formula of (C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 . HCl) 2 . C 2 H 6 O . H2O and the molecular weight is 1025.89. The chemical designation for doxycycline hyclate is 4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide monohydrochloride, compound with ethyl alcohol (2: 1), monohydrate. Doxycycline Hyclate light-yellowish crystalline powder. Doxycycline hyclate is soluble in water. Doxycycline has a high degree of lipoid solubility and a low affinity for calcium binding. It is highly stable in normal human serum. Doxycycline will not degrade into an epianhydro form. Inert ingredients in the tablet formulations are: microcrystalline cellulose colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, pregelatinized Starch, Sodium Stearyl fumarate, and magnesium stearate, The coating material contain, Hypromellose, Polyethylene Glycol 400, titanium dioxide, and FD and C Yellow No. 6 Al. Lake str

Doxycycline hyclate capsules are an antibacterial drug synthetically derived from oxytetracycline, and is available as doxycycline hyclate capsules (doxycycline hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate); for oral administration. The structural formula of doxycycline hyclate is with a molecular formula of (C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 .HCl) 2 . C 2 H 6 O.H 2 O and the molecular weight is 1025.87. The chemical designation for doxycycline hyclate is 4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide monohydrochloride, compound with ethyl alcohol (2: 1), monohydrate. Doxycycline is a light-yellowish crystalline powder. Doxycycline hyclate is soluble in water. Doxycycline has a high degree of lipoid solubility and a low affinity for calcium binding. It is highly stable in normal human serum. Doxycycline will not degrade into an epianhydro form. Inert ingredients in the capsule formulations are: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hard gelatin capsules, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch. The hard gelatin capsules contain gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, FD & C Blue 1 and titanium dioxide. The capsules are printed with edible ink containing shellac, and black iron oxide. str

Efavirenz, USP is an HIV-1 specific, non-nucleoside, reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Efavirenz is chemically described as(S)-6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylethynyl)-1,4-dihydro4(trifluoromethyl)-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one. Its empirical formula is C 14 H 9 ClF 3 NO 2 and its structural formula is: Efavirenz,USP is a white to slightly pink crystalline powder with a molecular mass of 315.68. It is practically insoluble in water (<10 microgram/mL). Tablets : Efavirenz USP is available as film-coated tablets for oral administration containing 600 mg of efavirenz and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium lauryl sulfate. The film coating contains Opadry Yellow,consisting of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol and iron oxide yellow. efavirenz-structure

Efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a fixed-dose combination tablet containing EFV, FTC, and TDF. EFV is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). FTC is a synthetic nucleoside analog of cytidine. TDF, which is converted in vivo to tenofovir, is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (nucleotide) analog of adenosine 5'-monophosphate. Efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are for oral administration. Each tablet contains 600 mg of EFV, 200 mg of FTC, and 300 mg of TDF (which is equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil) as active ingredients. The tablets include the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregrelatinised starch, sodium lauryl sulfate. The tablets are film coated with a coating material containing black iron oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, red iron oxide, talc, and titanium dioxide. Efavirenz: EFV is chemically described as ( S )-6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylethynyl)-1, 4-dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2 H -3,1-benzoxazin-2-one. Its molecular formula is C 14 H 9 C l F 3 NO 2 and its structural formula is: Efavirenz is a white to slightly pink crystalline powder with a molecular mass of 315.68. It is practically insoluble in water (less than 10 μg/mL). Emtricitabine: The chemical name of FTC is 5-fluoro-1-(2 R ,5 S )-[2(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. FTC is the (-) enantiomer of a thio analog of cytidine, which differs from other cytidine analogs in that it has a fluorine in the 5-position. It has a molecular formula of C 8 H 10 FN 3 O 3 S and a molecular weight of 247.24. It has the following structural formula: Emtricitabine is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of approximately 112 mg/mL in water at 25 o C. Tenofovir DF: TDF is a fumaric acid salt of the bis -isopropoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester derivative of tenofovir. The chemical name of TDF is 9-[(R)-2[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]methoxy]phosphinyl]methoxy]propyl]adenine fumarate (1:1). It has a molecular formula of C 19 H 30 N 5 O 10 P•C 4 H 4 O 4 and a molecular weight of 635.52. It has the following structural formula: TDF is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 13.4 mg/mL in water at 25 °C. str1 str2 str3

Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets are fixed-dose combination tablets containing emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). FTC is a synthetic nucleoside analog of cytidine. TDF is converted in vivo to tenofovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (nucleotide) analog of adenosine 5′-monophosphate. Both FTC and tenofovir exhibit inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Emtricitabine: The chemical name of FTC is 5-fluoro-1-(2 R ,5S)-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. FTC is the (-) enantiomer of a thio analog of cytidine, which differs from other cytidine analogs in that it has a fluorine in the 5-position. It has a molecular formula of C 8 H 10 FN 3 O 3 S and a molecular weight of 247.24. It has the following structural formula: FTC is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of approximately 112 mg/mL in water at 25 °C. The partition coefficient (log p) for emtricitabine is ―0.43 and the pKa is 2.65. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: TDF is a fumaric acid salt of the bis-isopropoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester derivative of tenofovir. The chemical name of tenofovir DF is 9-[( R )-2[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]- methoxy]phosphinyl]methoxy]propyl]adenine fumarate (1:1). It has a molecular formula of C 19 H 30 N 5 O 10 P. C 4 H 4 O 4 and a molecular weight of 635.52. It has the following structural formula: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 13.4 mg/mL in water at 25°C. The partition coefficient (log p) for tenofovir disoproxil is 1.25 and the pKa is 3.75. All dosages are expressed in terms of TDF except where otherwise noted. Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets are for oral administration, and are available in the following strengths: • Film-coated tablet containing 200 mg of FTC and 300 mg of TDF (which is equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil) as active ingredients. The tablets also include the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide and pregelatinized starch. The tablets are coated with Instacoat Universal White A05G14934, which contains hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2910, lactose monohydrate, titanium dioxide, and triacetin. emtri structure-tenofovir

Entacapone is available as tablets containing 200 mg entacapone USP. Entacapone is an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease as an adjunct to levodopa and carbidopa therapy. It is a nitrocatechol-structured compound with a relative molecular mass of 305.29. The chemical name of entacapone is (E)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethyl-2-propenamide. Its empirical formula is C 14 H 15 N 3 O 5 and its structural formula is: The inactive ingredients of the entacapone tablets, USP are corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, magnesium sterate, microcrystalline cellulose, propylene glycol, povidone, talc, titanium dioxide. USP dissolution test 2. 654

Escitalopram tablets, USP contains escitalopram oxalate, USP an orally administered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Escitalopram oxalate, USP is the pure S-enantiomer (single isomer) of the racemic bicyclic phthalane derivative citalopram. Escitalopram oxalate is designated S-(+)-1-[3(dimethyl-amino)propyl]-1-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-phthalancarbonitrile oxalate with the following structural formula: The molecular formula is C 20 H 21 FN 2 O • C 2 H 2 O 4 and the molecular weight is 414.40. Escitalopram oxalate, USP occurs as a fine, white to slightly-yellow powder and is freely soluble in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), soluble in isotonic saline solution, sparingly soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, and insoluble in heptane. Escitalopram oxalate, USP is available as tablets for oral administration. Escitalopram tablets, USP are film-coated, circular bi-convex tablets containing 6.39 mg, 12.77 mg and 25.54 mg escitalopram oxalate USP in strengths equivalent to 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg of respectively, of escitalopram base. The 10 and 20 mg tablets are scored. The tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, propyl gallate, talc, croscarmellose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide, and magnesium stearate. The film coating contains hypromellose, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene glycol. 159

Eszopiclone, USP is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent that is a pyrrolopyrazine derivative of the cyclopyrrolone class. The chemical name of eszopiclone is (+)-(5S)-6-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b] pyrazin-5-yl 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate. Its molecular weight is 388.81, and its empirical formula is C 17 H 17 CIN 6 O 3 . Eszopiclone, USP has a single chiral center with an (S)-configuration. It has the following chemical structure: Eszopiclone, USP is a white to light-yellow crystalline solid. Eszopiclone is very slightly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and soluble in phosphate buffer (pH 3.2). Eszopiclone, USP is formulated as film-coated tablets for oral administration. Eszopiclone tablets, USP contain 1 mg, 2 mg, or 3 mg eszopiclone, USP and the following inactive ingredients: dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, and triacetin. In addition, both the 1 mg and 3 mg tablets contain FD&C Blue #2. eszopiclone-structure

Ezetimibe tablets USP, is a dietary cholesterol absorption inhibitor. The chemical name of ezetimibe is (3R, 4S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(R)-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(S)-hydroxypropyl]-4(S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone. The empirical formula is C24H21F2NO3. Its molecular weight is 409.4 and its structural formula is: Ezetimibe is a white, crystalline powder and Soluble in acetonitrile, Slightly soluble in alcohol, Practically insoluble in water and n-hexane. Ezetimibe has a melting range of about 163.62°C to 164.74°C. Ezetimibe is available as a tablet for oral use containing 10 mg of ezetimibe and the following inactive ingredients: croscarmellose sodium NF, lactose monohydrate NF, magnesium stearate NF, microcrystalline cellulose NF, povidone USP, and sodium lauryl sulfate NF. ezetimibe-structure.jpg