lannett company, inc. - Medication Listings

Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Capsules, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino­- N -[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C 15 H 25 N 3 O•(CH 4 O 3 S) 2 , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.60. The chemical structure is: Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (792 mg/mL). Chemical Structure Information for Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Capsules: Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate Capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. The capsule shells contain gelatin, titanium dioxide, and one or more of the following: black iron oxide, D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Red No. 40, red iron oxide, and yellow iron oxide. The imprinting ink may also contain one or more of the following: FD&C Blue No. 1 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No. 2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, D&C Yellow No. 10 Aluminum Lake, propylene glycol, and shellac.

Uses temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies: runny nose itchy, watery eyes sneezing itching of the nose or throat Uses relieves itching due to hives (urticaria). This product will not prevent hives or an allergic skin reaction from occurring.

Loxapine, a dibenzoxazepine compound, represents a subclass of tricyclic antipsychotic agents, chemically distinct from the thioxanthenes, butyrophenones, and phenothiazines. Chemically, it is 2-Chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)dibenz[ b,f ][1,4]oxazepine. It is present as the succinate salt. Each capsule for oral administration, contains loxapine succinate, USP 6.8, 13.6, 34.0 or 68.1 mg equivalent to 5, 10, 25 or 50 mg of loxapine base respectively. It also contains the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, gelatin, magnesium stearate, polacrilin potassium, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, titanium dioxide, D&C Yellow #10 and FD&C Blue #1. Additionally, the 5 mg capsule contains D&C Red #33, the 10 mg capsule contains D&C Red #33 and D&C Red #28, and the 25 mg capsule contains FD&C Yellow #6. In addition, the black imprinting ink contains shellac glace in ethanol, iron oxide black, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, FD&C Blue #2/indigo carmine aluminum lake, FD&C Red #40/Allurea Red AC aluminum lake, FD&C Blue #1/brilliant Blue FCF aluminum lake, D&C Yellow #10 aluminum lake, SDA 3A alcohol, and methanol. The white imprinting ink contains pharmaceutical glaze in SD-45, titanium dioxide, isopropyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide, propylene glycol, n-butyl alcohol and simethicone. loxapine-molec-structure

Memantine hydrochloride is an orally active NMDA receptor antagonist. The chemical name for memantine hydrochloride is 1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane hydrochloride with the following structural formula: The molecular formula is C 12 H 21 N•HCl and the molecular weight is 215.76. Memantine HCl occurs as a white, crystalline powder and is soluble in water. Memantine hydrochloride is available as tablets. Memantine hydrochloride is available for oral administration as capsule-shaped, film-coated tablets containing 5 mg and 10 mg of memantine hydrochloride. The tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, NF, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Anhydrous, USP, Croscarmellose Sodium, NF, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, NF, Magnesium Stearate, NF. In addition the following inactive ingredients are also present as components of the film coat: Hypromellose 2910 NF, Titanium Dioxide, NF, Polyethylene Glycol, NF, FD&C Yellow 6 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue 2 Aluminum Lake (5 mg tablets), and Hypromellose 2910 NF, Titanium Dioxide, Triacetin, NF, Black Iron Oxide, NF, Yellow Iron Oxide, NF, Red Iron Oxide, NF (10 mg tablets). memantine-hcl-molec-struc

Each mesalamine delayed-release tablet, USP for oral administration contains 1.2 g 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA; mesalamine), an anti-inflammatory agent. Mesalamine, USP also has the chemical name 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid and its structural formula is: Molecular formula:C 7 H 7 NO 3 Molecular weight:153.14 The tablet is coated with a pH-dependent polymer film, which breaks down at or above pH 6.8, normally in the terminal ileum where mesalamine, USP then begins to be released from the tablet core. The tablet core contains mesalamine with hydrophilic and lipophilic excipients and provides for extended release of mesalamine. The inactive ingredients of mesalamine delayed-release tablets, USP are colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer 1:1, methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer 1:2, triethyl citrate, talc, polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, macrogol/PEG, iron oxide red and iron oxide yellow. FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP. structure

Metaxalone Tablets, USP contain 800 mg of metaxalone and the following inactive ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose sodium, alginic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated castor oil, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, and FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake. Metaxalone is a muscle relaxant for oral administration. Chemically, metaxalone is 5-[(3,5- dimethylphenoxy) methyl]-2-oxazolidinone. The empirical formula is C 12 H 15 NO 3 , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 221.25. The structural formula is: Metaxalone is a white to almost white, odorless crystalline powder freely soluble in chloroform, soluble in methanol and in 96% ethanol, but practically insoluble in ether or water. image

Methadone Hydrochloride Oral Concentrate, USP contains methadone, an opioid agonist, and is available as a cherry-flavored liquid concentrate for oral administration. Methadone hydrochloride is chemically described as 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptone hydrochloride. Methadone hydrochloride, USP is a fine white powder. It is very soluble in water, soluble in isopropanol and in chloroform, and practically insoluble in ether and in glycerine. It is present in Methadone Hydrochloride as the racemic mixture. Methadone hydrochloride has a melting point of 235°C, a pKa of 8.25 in water at 20°C, a solution (1 part per 100) pH between 4.5 and 6.5, a partition coefficient of 117 at pH 7.4 in octanol/water and a molecular weight of 345.91. Its structural formula is C 21 H 27 NO•HCl. This liquid concentrate contains 10 mg of methadone hydrochloride (equivalent to 8.95 mg of methadone) per mL and the following inactive ingredients: artificial cherry flavor, citric acid anhydrous, FD&C Red # 40, methylparaben, poloxamer 407, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, sodium citrate dihydrate, and sucrose. formula

Methadone Hydrochloride Oral Concentrate, USP dye-free, sugar-free, unflavored contains methadone, an opioid agonist, and is available as a dye-free, sugar-free, unflavored liquid concentrate of methadone hydrochloride for oral administration. Methadone hydrochloride is chemically described as 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptone hydrochloride. Methadone hydrochloride, USP is a fine white powder. It is very soluble in water, soluble in isopropanol and in chloroform, and practically insoluble in ether and in glycerine. It is present in Methadone Hydrochloride as the racemic mixture. Methadone hydrochloride has a melting point of 235°C, a pKa of 8.25 in water at 20°C, a solution (1 part per 100) pH between 4.5 and 6.5, a partition coefficient of 117 at pH 7.4 in octanol/water and a molecular weight of 345.91. Its structural formula is C 21 H 27 NO•HCl. This liquid concentrate contains 10 mg of methadone hydrochloride (equivalent to 8.95 mg of methadone) per mL and the following inactive ingredients: citric acid anhydrous, purified water, sodium benzoate. Structural Formula

Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Tablets, USP are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Tablets, USP are available in four tablet strengths. Each extended-release tablet for once-a-day oral administration contains 18, 27, 36, or 54 mg of methylphenidate HCl USP and is designed to have a 12-hour duration of effect. Chemically, methylphenidate HCl is d,l (racemic) methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate hydrochloride. Its empirical formula is C 14 H 19 NO 2 •HCl. Its structural formula is: Methylphenidate HCl USP is a white, odorless crystalline powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and in methanol, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in chloroform and in acetone. Its molecular weight is 269.77. Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Tablets, USP also contains the following inert ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, ethocel, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, hypromellose acetate succinate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, sucrose, talc, titanium dioxide and triethyl citrate. The 18, 36, and 54 mg tablets also contain synthetic red iron oxide. The 27 mg tablets also contain yellow iron oxide. Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Tablets meet USP Dissolution Test 3. Chemical Structure 11.1 System Components and Performance Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Tablets uses extended-release bead technology to deliver methylphenidate HCl at a controlled rate. The system, which resembles a conventional tablet in appearance, is comprised of a tablet core containing the extended-release beads and the core is covered with an immediate-release drug overcoat. In an aqueous environment, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the drug overcoat dissolves within one hour, providing an initial dose of methylphenidate. The tablet disintegrates and then polymer coatings on the beads control the release of methylphenidate HCl over the 12 hour dosing period.

Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD contains methylphenidate hydrochloride, a CNS stimulant. The extended-release capsules comprise both immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (ER) beads such that 30% of the dose is provided by the IR component and 70% of the dose is provided by the ER component. Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD is available in six capsule strengths containing 10 mg (3 mg IR; 7 mg ER), 20 mg (6 mg IR; 14 mg ER), 30 mg (9 mg IR; 21 mg ER), 40 mg (12 mg IR; 28 mg ER), 50 mg (15 mg IR; 35 mg ER), or 60 mg (18 mg IR; 42 mg ER) of methylphenidate hydrochloride for oral administration. Chemically, methylphenidate HCl is d , l (racemic)- threo -methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate hydrochloride. Its empirical formula is C 14 H 19 NO 2 •HCl. Its structural formula is: Methylphenidate HCl USP is a white, odorless, crystalline powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and in methanol, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in chloroform and in acetone. Its molecular weight is 269.77. Methylphenidate HCl Extended-Release Capsules CD also contains the following inactive ingredients: Dibutyl sebacate, ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, povidone, sugar spheres, and titanium dioxide. The individual capsules contain the following color agents: 10 mg capsules: FD&C Blue No. 2, FDA/E172 Yellow Iron Oxide 20 mg capsules: FD&C Blue No. 2 30 mg capsules: FD&C Blue No. 2, FDA/E172 Red Iron Oxide 40 mg capsules: FDA/E172 Yellow Iron Oxide 50 mg capsules: FD&C Blue No. 2, FDA/E172 Red Iron Oxide formula

Mexiletine hydrochloride, USP is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with slightly bitter taste, freely soluble in water and in alcohol. Mexiletine hydrochloride, USP has a pKa of 9.2. The chemical name of mexiletine hydrochloride, USP is 1-methyl-2-(2,6-xylyloxy)ethylamine hydrochloride and its structural formula is: C 11 H 17 NO∙HCl Mol. Wt. 215.72 Each capsule for oral administration, contains 150 mg, 200 mg, or 250 mg of mexiletine hydrochloride, USP. 100 mg of mexiletine hydrochloride, USP is equivalent to 83.31 mg of mexiletine base. In addition, each capsule contains the following excipients: colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate and pregelatinized corn starch. The capsule shell contains: FD&C Yellow #6, gelatin and titanium dioxide. The 150 mg capsule also contains: yellow iron oxide, red iron oxide and black iron oxide. The 250 mg capsule also contains: FD&C Blue #1 and D&C Yellow #10. The imprinting ink contains: ammonium hydroxide, black iron oxide, propylene glycol and shellac. Chemical Structure

Mycophenolate mofetil is an antimetabolite immunosuppressant. It is the 2-morpholinoethyl ester of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an immunosuppressive agent; inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor. The chemical name for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is 2-morpholinoethyl (E)-6-(1,3-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-isobenzofuranyl)-4-methyl-4-hexenoate. It has an empirical formula of C 23 H 31 NO 7 , a molecular weight of 433.49 g/mole, and the following structural formula: MMF is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water (43 μg/mL at pH 7.4); the solubility increases in acidic medium (4.27 mg/mL at pH 3.6). It is freely soluble in acetone, soluble in methanol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol. The apparent partition coefficient in 1-octanol/water (pH 7.4) buffer solution is 238. The pKa values for MMF are 5.6 for the morpholino group and 8.5 for the phenolic group. Mycophenolate mofetil is available for oral administration as a powder for oral suspension which, when reconstituted, contains 200 mg/mL of MMF. Inactive ingredients in Mycophenolate Mofetil for Oral Suspension, USP include aspartame, citric acid anhydrous, colloidal silicon dioxide, methylparaben, sodium citrate dihydrate, sorbitol, de-oiled soy lecithin, tutti-frutti flavor, and xanthan gum. Structure

Niacin Extended-release Tablets, USP (niacin tablet, film-coated extended-release), contain niacin, which at therapeutic doses is an antihyperlipidemic agent. Niacin (nicotinic acid, or 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a white, crystalline powder, very soluble in water, with the following structural formula: Niacin extended-release tablets are unscored, red, film-coated tablets for oral administration and are available in two tablet strengths containing 500 and 1000 mg niacin. Niacin extended-release tablets also contain the inactive ingredients black iron oxide, colloidal silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lecithin, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, red iron oxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, titanium dioxide, and yellow iron oxide. USP Dissolution Test 5. Structure Formula

Nifedipine is a drug belonging to a class of pharmacological agents known as the calcium channel blockers. Nifedipine is 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-, dimethyl ester, C 17 H 18 N 2 O 6, and has the structural formula: Nifedipine is a yellow crystalline substance, practically insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol. It has a molecular weight of 346.3. Nifedipine Extended-release Tablet is formulated as a once-a-day extended-release tablet for oral administration designed to deliver 30, 60, or 90 mg of nifedipine. Inert ingredients in the formulations are: black iron oxide; cellulose acetate; colloidal silicon dioxide; hypromellose; lactose monohydrate; magnesium stearate; microcrystalline cellulose; polyethylene glycol; polyethylene oxide; polysorbate; povidone; propylene glycol; red ferric oxide; sodium chloride; titanium dioxide; triacetin. Chemical Structure System Components and Performance Nifedipine Extended-release Tablet is similar in appearance to a conventional tablet. It consists, however, of a semipermeable membrane surrounding an osmotically active drug core. As water from the gastrointestinal tract enters the tablet, pressure increases in the core of the tablet, releasing drug through the precision laser-drilled tablet orifice in the one side of the tablet. Nifedipine Extended-release Tablet is designed to provide nifedipine at an approximately constant rate over 24 hours. This controlled rate of drug delivery into the gastrointestinal lumen is independent of pH or gastrointestinal motility. Nifedipine Extended-release Tablet depends for its action on the existence of an osmotic gradient between the contents of the tablet core and fluid in the gastrointestinal tract. Drug delivery is essentially constant as long as the osmotic gradient remains constant, and then gradually falls to zero. Upon swallowing, the biologically inert components of the tablet remain intact during gastrointestinal transit and are eliminated in the feces as an insoluble shell. USP Drug Release Test 5.

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that belongs to the thienobenzodiazepine class. The chemical designation is 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10 H -thieno[2,3- b ] [1,5]benzodiazepine. The molecular formula is C 17 H 20 N 4 S, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 312.44. The chemical structure is: Olanzapine is a yellow crystalline solid, which is practically insoluble in water. Olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets, USP are intended for oral administration only. Each orally disintegrating tablet contains olanzapine equivalent to 5 mg (16 μmol), 10 mg (32 μmol), 15 mg (48 μmol) or 20 mg (64 μmol). It begins disintegrating in the mouth within seconds, allowing its contents to be subsequently swallowed with or without liquid. Olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets also contain the following inactive ingredients: aspartame, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium stearyl fumarate. The product meets USP Disintegration Test 2. Chemical Structure

Olmesartan medoxomil, a prodrug, is hydrolyzed to olmesartan during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Olmesartan is a selective AT 1 subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Olmesartan medoxomil is described chemically as 2,3-dihydroxy-2-butenyl 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-propyl-1-[ p -( o -1 H -tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl]imidazole-5-carboxylate, cyclic 2,3-carbonate. Its empirical formula is C 29 H 30 N 6 O 6 and its structural formula is: Olmesartan medoxomil is a white to light yellowish-white powder or crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 558.59. It is practically insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in methanol. Olmesartan medoxomil tablets, USP are available for oral use as film-coated tablets containing 5 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg of olmesartan medoxomil and the following inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol. FDA approved dissolution method differs from the USP dissolution method. Chemical Structure

Oseltamivir phosphate, USP, an influenza neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI), is available as: A powder for oral suspension, which when constituted with water as directed contains 6 mg per mL oseltamivir base. In addition to the active ingredient, the powder for oral suspension contains mannitol, saccharin sodium, sodium benzoate, sodium dihydrogen citrate, sorbitol, sour cherry flavor, titanium dioxide, and xanthan gum. Oseltamivir phosphate, USP is a white crystalline solid with the chemical name (3R,4R,5S)‐4‐acetylamino‐5‐amino‐3(1‐ ethylpropoxy)‐1‐cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, phosphate (1:1). The chemical formula is C 16 H 28 N 2 O 4 (free base). The molecular weight is 312.4 for oseltamivir free base and 410.4 for oseltamivir phosphate salt. The structural formula is as follows: Chemical Structure

Oseltamivir phosphate capsules, USP, influenza neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI), are available as: Capsules containing 30 mg, 45 mg, or 75 mg of oseltamivir for oral use, in the form of oseltamivir phosphate. In addition to the active ingredient, croscarmellose sodium, povidone K29/32, pregelatinized starch, sodium stearyl fumarate and talc. The 30 mg capsule shell contains: black iron oxide, gelatin, potassium hydroxide and titanium dioxide. The 45 mg capsule shell contains: FD&C Blue#1 Aluminum Lake, gelatin, iron oxide yellow, and titanium dioxide. The 75 mg capsule shell contains: black iron oxide, brilliant blue FCF – FD&C Blue 1, gelatin, potassium hydroxide, quinoline yellow and titanium dioxide. Oseltamivir phosphate is a white or almost white powder with the chemical name (3R,4R,5S)-4-acetylamino-5-amino-3(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, phosphate (1:1). The chemical formula is C 16 H 28 N 2 O 4 (free base). The molecular weight is 312.4 for oseltamivir free base and 410.4 for oseltamivir phosphate salt. The structural formula is as follows: Chemical Structure

Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP contain paroxetine hydrochloride, an SSRI. It is the hydrochloride salt of a phenylpiperidine compound identified chemically as (-)- trans -4 R- (4'-fluorophenyl)-3 S -[(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenoxy) methyl] piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate and has the empirical formula of C 19 H 20 FNO 3 •HCl•1/2H 2 O. The molecular weight is 374.8 g/mol (329.4 g/mol as free base). The structural formula of paroxetine hydrochloride is: Paroxetine hydrochloride is an odorless, off-white powder, having a melting point range of 120° C to 138°C and a solubility of 5.4 mg/mL in water. Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP are intended for oral administration. Each enteric, film-coated, extended-release tablet contains paroxetine hydrochloride equivalent to paroxetine as follows: 12.5 mg–white, 25 mg–pink and 37.5 mg–blue. Inactive ingredients consist of hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate copolymer dispersion, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, silicon dioxide, talc, titanium dioxide, triethyl citrate. In addition, the 25 mg and 37.5 mg colorant contains FD&C Blue No. 2 aluminum lake. In addition, the 25 mg colorant also contains carmine. Paroxetine meets USP Dissolution Test 3. Formula

Pilocarpine hydrochloride tablets, USP contain pilocarpine hydrochloride, a cholinergic agonist for oral use. Pilocarpine hydrochloride, USP is a hygroscopic, odorless, bitter tasting white crystal or powder which is soluble in water and alcohol and virtually insoluble in most non-polar solvents. Pilocarpine hydrochloride, USP with a chemical name of (3S- cis )-2(3 H )-Furanone, 3-ethyldihydro-4-[(1-methyl-1 H -imidazol-5-yl)methyl]monohydrochloride, has a molecular weight of 244.72. Each 5 mg Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Tablet, USP for oral administration contains 5 mg of pilocarpine hydrochloride. Inactive ingredients in the tablet are microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid, the tablet's film coating is: polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, and talc. Each 7.5 mg Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Tablet, USP for oral administration contains 7.5 mg of pilocarpine hydrochloride. Inactive ingredients in the tablet are microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid, the tablet's film coating is: FD&C Blue #2/Indigo Carmine aluminum lake, polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, and talc. Chemical Structure

Posaconazole is an azole antifungal agent. Posaconazole is available as delayed-release tablet intended for oral administration. Posaconazole is designated chemically as 4-[4-[4-[4-[[ (3 R ,5 R )-5- (2,4-difluorophenyl)tetrahydro-5- (1 H -1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-2-[(1 S ,2 S )-1-ethyl-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one with an empirical formula of C 37 H 42 F 2 N 8 O 4 and a molecular weight of 700.8. The chemical structure is: Posaconazole is a white powder with a low aqueous solubility. Posaconazole delayed-release tablet is a yellow, coated, oblong tablet, debossed with “100” on one side containing 100 mg of posaconazole. Each delayed-release tablet contains the inactive ingredients: hypromellose acetate succinate, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol partially hydrolyzed, titanium dioxide, macrogol/polyethylene glycol 3350, talc and iron oxide yellow. Structure

Prazosin Hydrochloride Capsules, USP, a quinazoline derivative, is the first of a new chemical class of antihypertensives. It is the hydrochloride salt of 1-(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy­-2-quinazolinyl)-4-(2-furoyl) piperazine and its structural formula is: Molecular formula C 19 H 21 N 5 O 4 •HCl It is a white, crystalline substance, slightly soluble in water and isotonic saline, and has a molecular weight of 419.87. Each 1 mg capsule of prazosin hydrochloride for oral use contains drug equivalent to 1 mg free base. Inert ingredients in the formulations are: hard gelatin capsules (which may contain alcohol, black iron oxide, butyl alcohol, D&C Red No. 33, D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Red No. 40, gelatin, propylene glycol, shellac, titanium dioxide); lactose anhydrous; lactose monohydrate; magnesium stearate; pregelatinized starch 1500. FDA approved dissolution test specifications differ from USP. Chemical Structure

Prednisolone Syrup (Prednisolone Oral Solution, USP) contains prednisolone which is a glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids are adrenocortical steroids, both naturally occurring and synthetic, which are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Prednisolone is a white to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. It is very slightly soluble in water; soluble in methanol and in dioxane; sparingly soluble in acetone and in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform. The chemical name for prednisolone is Pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione,11,17,21-trihydroxy-,(11β). Prednisolone Syrup (Prednisolone Oral Solution, USP) contains 15 mg of prednisolone in each 5 mL. Benzoic acid, 0.1% is added as a preservative. It also contains alcohol 5% v/v, cherry flavor, citric acid, edetate disodium, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #40, glycerin, propylene glycol, purified water, sodium saccharin, and sucrose. Prednisolone Syrup (Prednisolone Oral Solution, USP) may contain sodium citrate for pH adjustment. This is an image of the structural formula of Prednisolone.

Anticonvulsant Chemical name: 5-ethyldihydro-5-phenyl-4,6 (1 H ,5 H )-pyrimidinedione. Structural formula: Primidone is a white, crystalline, highly stable substance, M.P. 279 - 284°C. It is poorly soluble in water (60 mg per 100 mL at 37°C) and in most organic solvents. It possesses no acidic properties, in contrast to its barbiturate analog. Each tablet, for oral administration, contains either 50 mg or 250 mg of primidone. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, methylcellulose, acacia, sodium starch glycolate, and magnesium stearate. primidone-molecular-structure

Probenecid is a uricosuric and renal tubular transport blocking agent. The chemical name for probenecid is 4-[(dipropylamino) sulfonyl]-benzoic acid. It has the following structural formula: Probenecid, USP is a white or nearly white, fine, crystalline powder. Probenecid is soluble in dilute alkali, in alcohol, in chloroform, and in acetone; it is practically insoluble in water and in dilute acids. Each tablet for oral administration contains 500 mg of probenecid and the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium starch glycolate, starch (corn), povidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, talc, D&C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow #6 Aluminum Lake, and FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake. probenecid-molec-structure

Propranolol hydrochloride, USP is a synthetic beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent chemically described as 2-Propanol, 1-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-, hydrochloride, (±)-. Its molecular and structural formulae are: C 16 H 21 NO 2 ·HCl Propranolol hydrochloride, USP is a stable, white, crystalline solid which is readily soluble in water and ethanol. Its molecular weight is 295.80. Propranolol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, USP are formulated to provide a sustained release of propranolol hydrochloride, USP. Propranolol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, USP are available as 60 mg, 80 mg, 120 mg, and 160 mg capsules for oral administration. Each 60 mg capsule contains 60 mg propranolol hydrochloride, USP (equivalent to 52.60 mg of propranolol). Each 80 mg capsule contains 80 mg propranolol hydrochloride, USP (equivalent to 70.14 mg of propranolol). Each 120 mg capsule contains 120 mg propranolol hydrochloride, USP (equivalent to 105.21 mg of propranolol). Each 160 mg capsule contains 160 mg propranolol hydrochloride, USP (equivalent to 140.28 mg of propranolol). The inactive ingredients contained in Propranolol Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, USP are: empty hard gelatin capsules, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, sugar spheres, and talc. The capsule shell contains FD&C blue 1, FD&C red 3 (60 mg, 80 mg and 120 mg), gelatin, and titanium dioxide. The imprinting ink contains black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide and shellac. These capsules comply with USP Dissolution Test 6. chemical-structure

The active ingredient in Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets is rabeprazole sodium, which is a proton pump inhibitor. It is a substituted benzimidazole known chemically as 2-[[[4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl]-methyl]sulfinyl]-1 H- benzimidazole sodium salt. It has an empirical formula of C 18 H 20 N 3 NaO 3 S and a molecular weight of 381.42. Rabeprazole sodium is a white to slightly yellowish-white solid. It is very soluble in water and methanol, freely soluble in ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate and insoluble in ether and n-hexane. The stability of rabeprazole sodium is a function of pH; it is rapidly degraded in acid media, and is more stable under alkaline conditions. The structural figure is: Figure 1 Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets are available for oral administration as delayed-release, enteric-coated tablets containing 20 mg of rabeprazole sodium. Inactive ingredients of the 20 mg tablet are crospovidone, FD&C Blue #1, glyceryl dibehenate, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, talc and triethyl citrate. Figure 1

Sevoflurane USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is: Sevoflurane, Physical Constants are: Molecular weight 200.05 Boiling point at 760 mm Hg 58.6°C Specific gravity at 20°C 1.520 -1.525 Vapor pressure in mm Hg 157 mm Hg at 20°C 197 mm Hg at 25°C 317 mm Hg at 36°C Distribution Partition Coefficients at 37°C: Blood/Gas 0.63 -0.69 Water/Gas 0.36 Olive Oil/Gas 47-54 Brain/Gas 1.15 Mean Component/Gas Partition Coefficients at 25°C for Polymers Used Commonly in Medical Applications: Conductive rubber 14.0 Butyl rubber 7.7 Polyvinylchloride 17.4 Polyethylene 1.3 Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO 2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme ® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO 2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C 4 H 2 F 6 O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C 5 H 6 F 6 O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO 2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO 2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO 2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO 2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC 50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO 2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO 2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO 2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO 2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels. structure0- figure1- figure2- figure2a-

Sumatriptan nasal spray, USP contains sumatriptan, a selective 5-HT 1B/1D receptor agonist. Sumatriptan is chemically designated as 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methyl-indole-5-methanesulfonamide, and it has the following structure: The empirical formula is C 14 H 21 N 3 O 2 S, representing a molecular weight of 295.4. Sumatriptan is a white to off-white powder that is readily soluble in water and in saline. Each sumatriptan nasal spray, USP contains 5 or 20 mg of sumatriptan in a 100-microL unit dose aqueous buffered solution containing purified water USP, sulfuric acid NF, sodium hydroxide NF, monobasic potassium phosphate NF, and anhydrous dibasic sodium phosphate USP. The pH of the solution is approximately 5.5. The osmolality of the solution is 372 or 742 mOsmol for the 5- and 20-mg sumatriptan nasal spray, USP, respectively. suumatriptan-molec-struc

Terbutaline sulfate USP is a beta-adrenergic agonist bronchodilator available as tablets of 2.5 mg (2.05 mg of the free base) and 5 mg (4.1 mg of the free base) for oral administration. Terbutaline sulfate is ±-α-[( tert –butylamino) methyl]-3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol sulfate (2:1) (salt). The molecular formula is (C 12 H 19 NO 3 ) 2 • H 2 SO 4 and the structural formula is Terbutaline sulfate USP is a white to gray-white crystalline powder. It is odorless or has a faint odor of acetic acid. It is soluble in water and in 0.1N hydrochloric acid, slightly soluble in methanol, and insoluble in chloroform. Its molecular weight is 548.65. Inactive Ingredients: anhydrous lactose, pregelatinized corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, and magnesium stearate. Chemical Structure

Ursodiol is a bile acid available as 300 mg capsules suitable for oral administration. Ursodiol is ursodiol, USP (ursodeoxycholic acid), a naturally occurring bile acid found in small quantities in normal human bile and in the biles of certain other mammals. It is a bitter-tasting, white powder freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, and glacial acetic acid; sparingly soluble in chloroform; slightly soluble in ether; and insoluble in water. The chemical name for ursodiol is 3α,7 β -dihydroxy-5 β -cholan-24-oic acid (C 24 H 40 O 4 ). Ursodiol, USP has a molecular weight of 392.58. Its structure is shown below: Inactive Ingredients: Pregelatinized Starch, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate. The capsule shell consists of FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #40, FD&C Yellow #6, Titanium Dioxide, and Gelatin. The capsule imprinting ink consists of Shellac Glaze in Ethanol, Black Iron Oxide, N-Butyl Alcohol, Propylene Glycol, FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake, D&C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, Ethanol, and Methanol. Chemical Structure

Valproic acid is a carboxylic acid designated as 2-propylpentanoic acid. It is also known as dipropylacetic acid. Valproic acid has the following structure: Valproic acid (pKa 4.8) has a molecular weight of 144 and occurs as a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. It is slightly soluble in water (1.3 mg/mL) and very soluble in organic solvents. Valproic Acid Oral Solution USP is an antiepileptic for oral administration and contains the equivalent of 250 mg valproic acid per 5 mL as the sodium salt. Chemical Structure Inactive Ingredients Artificial cherry flavor, FD&C Red #40, glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, purified water, sodium hydroxide, sorbitol solution and sucrose. Sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid may be added to adjust pH.

Vardenafil hydrochloride tablets (vardenafil hydrochloride) are administered orally for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This monohydrochloride salt of vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Vardenafil HCl is designated chemically as piperazine, 1-[[3-(1,4-dihydro-5-methyl-4-oxo-7-propylimidazo[5,1- f ][1,2,4]triazin-2-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-ethyl-, monohydrochloride and has the following structural formula: Vardenafil HCl is a nearly colorless, solid substance with a molecular weight of 579.1 g/mol and a solubility of 0.11 mg/mL in water. Vardenafil hydrochloride tablets are formulated as orange, round, tablets embossed with "2.5", "5", "10" or "20" on one side corresponding to 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg of vardenafil, respectively. In addition to the active ingredient, vardenafil HCl, each tablet contains microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, aspartame, titanium dioxide, ferric oxide red, and ferric oxide yellow. Chemical Structure

Verapamil Hydrochloride Extended-release Capsules (PM) is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (slow channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist). Verapamil Hydrochloride Extended-release Capsules (PM) is available for oral administration as a 100 mg hard gelatin capsule (white opaque cap/amethyst body), a 200 mg hard gelatin capsule (amethyst opaque cap/amethyst body), and as a 300 mg hard gelatin capsule (lavender opaque cap/amethyst body). Verapamil is administered as a racemic mixture of the R and S enantiomers. The structural formulae of the verapamil HCl enantiomers are: C 27 H 38 N 2 O 4 ∙HCl M.W.=491.07 Chemical name: Benzeneacetonitrile, α-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]methylamino]propyl]- 3,4-dimethoxy-α-(1-methylethyl)-, monohydrochloride,(±)-. Verapamil HCl is an almost white, crystalline powder, practically free of odor, with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, chloroform and methanol. Verapamil HCl is not structurally related to other cardioactive drugs. In addition to verapamil HCl the Verapamil Hydrochloride Extended-release Capsules (PM) capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: D&C Red #28, FD & C Blue #1, FD&C red #40, fumaric acid, gelatin, povidone, shellac, silicon dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, starch, sugar spheres, talc, and titanium dioxide. System Components and Performance: Verapamil Hydrochloride Extended-release Capsules (PM) uses the proprietary CODAS ® (Chronotherapeutic Oral Drug Absorption System) technology, which is designed for bedtime dosing, incorporating a 4 to 5-hour delay in drug delivery. The controlled-onset delivery system results in a maximum plasma concentration (C max ) of verapamil in the morning hours. These pellet filled capsules provide for extended-release of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract. The Verapamil Hydrochloride Extended-release Capsules (PM) formulation has been designed to initiate the release of verapamil 4-5 hours after ingestion. This delay is introduced by the level of non-enteric release-controlling polymer applied to drug loaded beads. The release-controlling polymer is a combination of water soluble and water insoluble polymers. As water from the gastrointestinal tract comes into contact with the polymer coated beads, the water soluble polymer slowly dissolves and the drug diffuses through the resulting pores in the coating. The water insoluble polymer continues to act as a barrier, maintaining the controlled release of the drug. The rate of release is essentially independent of pH, posture and food. Multiparticulate systems such as Verapamil Hydrochloride Extended-release Capsules (PM) have been shown to be independent of gastrointestinal motility. Chemical Structure

Verelan PM is a calcium ion influx inhibitor (slow channel blocker or calcium ion antagonist). Verelan PM is available for oral administration as a 100 mg hard gelatin capsule (white opaque cap/amethyst body), a 200 mg hard gelatin capsule (amethyst opaque cap/amethyst body), and as a 300 mg hard gelatin capsule (lavender opaque cap/amethyst body). Verapamil is administered as a racemic mixture of the R and S enantiomers. The structural formulae of the verapamil HCl enantiomers are: C 27 H 38 N 2 O 4 ∙HCl M.W.=491.07 Chemical name: Benzeneacetonitrile, α-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]methylamino]propyl]- 3,4-dimethoxy-α-(1-methylethyl)-, monohydrochloride,(±)-. Verapamil HCl is an almost white, crystalline powder, practically free of odor, with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, chloroform and methanol. Verapamil HCl is not structurally related to other cardioactive drugs. In addition to verapamil HCl the Verelan PM capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: D&C Red #28, FD & C Blue #1, FD&C red #40, fumaric acid, gelatin, povidone, shellac, silicon dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, starch, sugar spheres, talc, and titanium dioxide. Chemical Structure System Components and Performance: Verelan PM uses the proprietary CODAS ® (Chronotherapeutic Oral Drug Absorption System) technology, which is designed for bedtime dosing, incorporating a 4 to 5-hour delay in drug delivery. The controlled-onset delivery system results in a maximum plasma concentration (C max ) of verapamil in the morning hours. These pellet filled capsules provide for extended-release of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract. The Verelan PM formulation has been designed to initiate the release of verapamil 4-5 hours after ingestion. This delay is introduced by the level of non-enteric release-controlling polymer applied to drug loaded beads. The release-controlling polymer is a combination of water soluble and water insoluble polymers. As water from the gastrointestinal tract comes into contact with the polymer coated beads, the water soluble polymer slowly dissolves and the drug diffuses through the resulting pores in the coating. The water insoluble polymer continues to act as a barrier, maintaining the controlled release of the drug. The rate of release is essentially independent of pH, posture and food. Multiparticulate systems such as Verelan PM have been shown to be independent of gastrointestinal motility.