CALCITONIN SALMON

Calcitonin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in mammals and by the ultimobranchial gland of birds and fish. Calcitonin-salmon injection, Synthetic is a synthetic polypeptide of 32 amino acids in the same linear sequence that is found in calcitonin of salmon origin. This is shown by the following graphic formula: It is provided in sterile solution for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter contains: calcitonin-salmon 200 USP Units. Inactive Ingredients (per mL): acetic acid, USP, 2.25 mg; phenol, USP, 5.0 mg; sodium acetate trihydrate, USP, 2.0 mg; sodium chloride, USP, 7.5 mg; water for injection, USP. The activity of calcitonin salmon injection is stated in International Units based on bioassay in comparison with the International Reference Preparation of calcitonin-salmon for Bioassay, distributed by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Holly Hill, London. structure

Calcitonin salmon injection is a calcitonin, indicated for the following conditions: Treatment of symptomatic Paget's disease of bone when alternative treatments are not suitable ( 1.1 ) Treatment of hypercalcemia ( 1.2 ) Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis when alternative treatments are not suitable. Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated ( 1.3 ) Limitations of Use: Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin-salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on a periodic basis ( 1.4 , 5.3 ) 1.1 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone Calcitonin salmon injection is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic Paget's disease of bone in patients with moderate to severe disease characterized by polyostotic involvement with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion. There is no evidence that the prophylactic use of calcitonin-salmon is beneficial in asymptomatic patients. Calcitonin salmon injection should be used only in patients who do not respond to alternative treatments or for whom such treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies). 1.2 Treatment of Hypercalcemia Calcitonin salmon injection is indicated for the early treatment of hypercalcemic emergencies, along with other appropriate agents, when a rapid decrease in serum calcium is required, until more specific treatment of the underlying disease can be accomplished. It may also be added to existing therapeutic regimens for hypercalcemia such as intravenous fluids and furosemide, oral phosphate or corticosteroids, or other agents. 1.3 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Calcitonin salmon injection is indicated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women greater than 5 years postmenopause. The evidence of efficacy for calcitonin-salmon injection is based on increases in total body calcium observed in clinical trials. Fracture reduction efficacy has not been demonstrated. Calcitonin salmon injection should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatments are not suitable (e.g., patients for whom other therapies are contraindicated or for patients who are intolerant or unwilling to use other therapies). 1.4 Important Limitations of Use Due to the possible association between malignancy and calcitonin-salmon use, the need for continued therapy should be re-evaluated on a periodic basis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .

Symptomatic Paget's disease of bone: 100 USP Units daily. Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake ( 2.1 , 2.5) Hypercalcemia: start with 4 USP Units /kg body weight every 12 hours. Increase to 8 USP Units /kg every 12 hours if no improvement in 1-2 days. Increase further to 8 USP Units /kg every 6 hours if no improvement after 2 more days ( 2.2 ) Postmenopausal osteoporosis: 100 USP Units daily. Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake ( 2.3 , 2.5 ) 2.1 Paget’s Disease of Bone The recommended dose of calcitonin salmon injection for treatment of symptomatic Paget's disease of bone is 100 USP Units (0.5 mL) per day administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. 2.2 Hypercalcemia The recommended starting dose of calcitonin salmon injection for early treatment of hypercalcemia is 4 USP Units /kg body weight every 12 hours by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. If the response to this dose is not satisfactory after one or two days, the dose may be increased to 8 USP Units /kg every 12 hours. If the response remains unsatisfactory after two more days, the dose may be further increased to a maximum of 8 USP Units /kg every 6 hours. 2.3 Postmenopausal Osteoporosis The recommended dose of calcitonin salmon injection for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women greater than 5 years postmenopause is 100 USP Units (0.5 mL) per day administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The minimum effective dose of calcitonin salmon injection for the prevention of vertebral bone mineral density loss has not been established. 2.4 Preparation and Administration Visually inspect calcitonin salmon vials. Calcitonin salmon injection is a clear, colorless, solution. If the solution is not clear and colorless, or contains any particles, or if the vial is damaged, do not administer the solution. If the volume of Calcitonin salmon injection to be injected exceeds 2 mL, intramuscular injection is preferable and the total dose should be distributed across multiple sites of injection. Instruct patients to use sterile injection technique when administering calcitonin salmon injection, and to dispose of needles properly. 2.5 Recommendations for Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Patients who use Calcitonin salmon injection for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis should receive adequate calcium (at least 1000 mg elemental calcium per day) and vitamin D (at least 400 International Units per day).

Hypersensitivity to calcitonin-salmon or any of the excipients. Reactions have included anaphylaxis with death, bronchospasm, and swelling of the tongue or throat [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Hypersensitivity to calcitonin-salmon or any of the excipients ( 4 )

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: Hypersensitivity Reactions, including anaphylaxis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Malignancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Most common adverse reactions are nausea with or without vomiting (10%), injection site inflammation (10%), and flushing of the face or hands (2% to 5%) ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Cipla Ltd. at 1-866-604-3268 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of calcitonin-salmon injection was assessed in open-label trials several months to two years in duration. The most common adverse reactions are discussed below. Nausea: Nausea with or without vomiting has been noted in about 10% of patients treated with calcitonin-salmon. It is most evident when treatment is first initiated and tends to decrease or disappear with continued administration. Dermatologic Reactions: Local inflammatory reactions at the site of subcutaneous or intramuscular injection have been reported in about 10% of patients. Flushing of face or hands occurred in about 2% to 5% of patients. Skin rashes and pruritus of the ear lobes have also been reported. Other Adverse Reactions: Nocturia, feverish sensation, pain in the eyes, poor appetite, abdominal pain, pedal edema, and salty taste have been reported in patients treated with calcitonin-salmon injection. Malignancy A meta-analysis of 21 randomized, controlled clinical trials with calcitonin-salmon (nasal spray or investigational oral formulations) was conducted to assess the risk of malignancies in calcitonin-salmon-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. The trials in the meta-analysis ranged in duration from 6 months to 5 years and included a total of 10883 patients (6151 treated with calcitonin-salmon and 4732 treated with placebo). The overall incidence of malignancies reported in these 21 trials was higher among calcitonin-salmon-treated patients (254/6151 or 4.1%) compared with placebo-treated patients (137/4732 or 2.9%). Findings were similar when analyses were restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials [calcitonin-salmon 122/2712 (4.5%); placebo 30/1309 (2.3%)]. The meta-analysis results suggest an increased risk of overall malignancies in calcitonin-salmon treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients when all 21 trials are included and when the analysis is restricted to the 18 nasal spray only trials (see Table 1). It is not possible to exclude an increased risk when calcitonin-salmon is administered by the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous route because these routes of administration were not investigated in the meta-analysis. The increased malignancy risk seen with the meta-analysis was heavily influenced by a single large 5-year trial, which had an observed risk difference of 3.4% [95% CI (0.4%, 6.5%)]. Imbalances in risks were still observed when analyses excluded basal cell carcinoma (see Table 1); the data were not sufficient for further analyses by type of malignancy. A mechanism for these observations has not been identified. Although a definitive causal relationship between calcitonin-salmon use and malignancies cannot be established from this meta-analysis, the benefits for the individual patient should be carefully evaluated against all possible risks [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Table 1: Risk Difference for Malignancies in Calcitonin-Salmon-Treated Patients Compared with Placebo-Treated Patients 1 The overall adjusted risk difference is the difference between the percentage of patients who had any malignancy (or malignancy excluding basal cell carcinoma) in calcitonin-salmon and placebo treatment groups, using the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) fixed-effect method. A risk difference of 0 is suggestive of no difference in malignancy risks between the treatment groups. 2 The corresponding 95% confidence interval for the overall adjusted risk difference also based on MH fixed-effect method Patients Malignancies Risk Difference 1 (%) 95% Confidence Interval 2 (%) All (nasal spray + oral) All 1.0 (0.3, 1.6) All (nasal spray + oral) Excluding basal cell carcinoma 0.5 (-0.1, 1.2) All (nasal spray only) All 1.4 (0.3, 2.6) All (nasal spray only) Excluding basal cell carcinoma 0.8 (-0.2, 1.8) 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Because postmarketing adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of calcitonin salmon. Allergic / Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving calcitonin-salmon injection, e.g., bronchospasm, swelling of the tongue or throat, anaphylactic shock, and death due to anaphylaxis. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Urticaria Hypocalcemia: Hypocalcemia with tetany (i.e. muscle cramps, twitching) and seizure activity have been reported. Body as a Whole: influenza-like symptoms, fatigue, edema (facial, peripheral, and generalized) Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain Cardiovascular: hypertension Gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, diarrhea Urinary System: polyuria Nervous System: dizziness, headache, paresthesia, tremor Vision: visual disturbance 6.3 Immunogenicity Consistent with the potentially immunogenic properties of medicinal products containing peptides, administration of calcitonin salmon may trigger the development of anti-calcitonin antibodies. Circulating antibodies to calcitonin-salmon after 2 to 18 months of treatment have been reported in about one-half of the patients with Paget's disease in whom antibody studies were done. In some cases, high antibody titers are found; these patients usually will have a loss of response to treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . The incidence of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of a positive antibody test result may be influenced by several factors, including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of antibodies among different calcitonin-salmon products may be misleading.

No formal drug interaction studies have been performed with calcitonin salmon injection. Concomitant use of calcitonin-salmon and lithium may lead to a reduction in plasma lithium concentrations due to increased urinary clearance of lithium. The dose of lithium may require adjustment. Concomitant use of calcitonin-salmon and lithium may lead to a reduction in plasma lithium concentrations due to increased urinary clearance of lithium. The dose of lithium may require adjustment ( 7 )