Drug Facts
Composition & Profile
Identifiers & Packaging
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP are supplied as a round, extended-release tablet as follows: 12.5 mg White enteric coated, round, bi-convex tablets, with one side debossed 2271 and the other side blank: NDC 42858-703-03 Bottles of 30 25 mg Brown enteric coated, round, bi-convex tablets, with one side debossed 2272 and the other side blank: NDC 42858-705-03 Bottles of 30 37.5 mg Orange enteric coated, round, bi-convex tablets, with one side debossed 2273 and the other side blank.: NDC 42858-707-03 Bottles of 30 Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 12.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 42858-703-03 Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP 12.5 mg R x Only PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient Rhodes 30 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 12.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 42858-705-03 Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP 25 mg R x Only PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient Rhodes 30 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Tablet Bottle Label; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 37.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 42858-707-03 Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP 37.5 mg Rx Only PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient Rhodes 30 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 37.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label
- 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP are supplied as a round, extended-release tablet as follows: 12.5 mg White enteric coated, round, bi-convex tablets, with one side debossed 2271 and the other side blank: NDC 42858-703-03 Bottles of 30 25 mg Brown enteric coated, round, bi-convex tablets, with one side debossed 2272 and the other side blank: NDC 42858-705-03 Bottles of 30 37.5 mg Orange enteric coated, round, bi-convex tablets, with one side debossed 2273 and the other side blank.: NDC 42858-707-03 Bottles of 30 Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 12.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 42858-703-03 Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP 12.5 mg R x Only PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient Rhodes 30 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 12.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 42858-705-03 Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP 25 mg R x Only PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient Rhodes 30 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Tablet Bottle Label
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 37.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 42858-707-03 Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP 37.5 mg Rx Only PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient Rhodes 30 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 37.5 mg Tablet Bottle Label
Overview
Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP contain paroxetine hydrochloride, an SSRI. It is the hydrochloride salt of a phenylpiperidine compound identified chemically as (-)- trans -4 R- (4'-fluorophenyl)-3 S -[(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenoxy) methyl] piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate and has the empirical formula of C 19 H 20 FNO 3 ∙HCl∙1/2H 2 O. The molecular weight is 374.8 g/mol (329.4 g/mol as free base). The structural formula of paroxetine hydrochloride is: Paroxetine hydrochloride is an odorless, off-white powder, having a melting point range of 120°C to 138°C and a solubility of 5.4 mg/mL in water. Each enteric coated, extended-release tablet contains paroxetine base of 12.5 mg (white tablet), 25 mg (brown tablet), 37.5 mg (orange tablet), which is equivalent to 14.25 mg, 28.51 mg, or 42.76 mg of paroxetine hydrochloride, respectively. Each tablet consists of a hydrophilic matrix that contains the active material. Inactive ingredients consist of carboxymethylcellulose sodium, copovidone, glyceryl monostearate, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid – ethyl acrylate copolymer (1:1), polysorbate 80, silicon dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, talcum, titanium dioxide, and triethyl citrate. In addition, the 25 mg tablets also contain the following coloring agents: iron oxide black and iron oxide red and the 37.5 mg tablets contain iron oxide red and iron oxide yellow. USP dissolution test is pending. Chemical Structure
Indications & Usage
Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, USP are indicated in adults for the treatment of: Major depressive disorder (MDD) Panic disorder (PD) Social anxiety disorder (SAD) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated in adults for the treatment of ( 1 ): Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Panic Disorder (PD) Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Dosage & Administration
Swallow tablet whole; do not chew or crush. ( 2.1 ) Recommended starting and maximum daily dosage: ( 2.2 , 2.3 ) Indication Starting Dose Maximum Dose MDD 25 mg/day 62.5 mg/day PD 12.5 mg/day 75 mg/day SAD 12.5 mg/day 37.5 mg/day PMDD 12.5 mg/day 25 mg/day For PMDD, dose continuously or intermittently (luteal phase only). ( 2.3 ) If inadequate response to starting dosage, titrate in 12.5 mg per day increments once weekly. ( 2.2 , 2.3 ) Elderly patients, patients with severe renal impairment, or severe hepatic impairment: Starting dose is 12.5 mg per day. Do not exceed 50 mg per day for treatment of MDD and PD and 37.5 mg per day for treatment of SAD. ( 2.5 ) When discontinuing Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, reduce dose gradually. ( 2.7 ) 2.1 Important Administration Instructions Administer Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets as a single daily dose in the morning, with or without food. Swallow tablets whole and do not chew or crush. 2.2 Dosage in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder The recommended initial dosage and maximum dosage of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets in patients with MDD, PD, and SAD are presented in Table 1. In patients with an inadequate response, dosage may be increased in increments of 12.5 mg per day at intervals of at least 1 week, depending on tolerability. Table 1: Recommended Daily Dosage of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets in Patients with MDD, PD, and SAD Indication Starting Dose Maximum Dose MDD 25 mg 62.5 mg PD 12.5 mg 75 mg SAD 12.5 mg 37.5 mg 2.3 Dosage in Patients with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder The recommended starting dosage in women with PMDD is 12.5 mg per day. Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets may be administered either continuously (every day throughout the menstrual cycle) or intermittently (only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, i.e., starting the daily dosage 14 days prior to the anticipated onset of menstruation and continuing through the onset of menses). Intermittent dosing is repeated with each new cycle. In patients with an inadequate response, the dosage may be increased to the maximum recommended dosage of 25 mg per day, depending on tolerability. Institute dosage adjustments at intervals of at least 1 week. 2.4 Screen for Bipolar Disorder Prior to Starting Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Prior to initiating treatment with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets or another antidepressant, screen patients for a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, mania, or hypomania [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. 2.5 Dosage Modifications for Elderly Patients, Patients with Severe Renal Impairment, and Patients with Severe Hepatic Impairment The recommended initial dose of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets is 12.5 mg per day for elderly patients, patients with severe renal impairment, and patients with severe hepatic impairment. Reduce initial dose and increase up-titration intervals if necessary. Dosage should not exceed 50 mg per day for MDD or PD and should not exceed 37.5 mg per day for SAD [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5 , 8.6) ]. 2.6 Switching Patients to or from a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Antidepressant At least 14 days must elapse between discontinuation of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant and initiation of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets. In addition, at least 14 days must elapse after stopping Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets before starting an MAOI antidepressant [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 2.7 Discontinuation of Treatment with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Adverse reactions may occur upon discontinuation of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ]. Gradually reduce the dosage rather than stopping Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets abruptly whenever possible.
Warnings & Precautions
Serotonin Syndrome: Increased risk when co-administered with other serotonergic agents, but also when taken alone. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and serotonergic agents and initiate supportive measures. ( 5.2 ) Embryofetal Toxicity: May cause fetal harm. Meta-analysis of epidemiological studies has shown increased risk (less than 2-fold) of cardiovascular malformations with exposure during the first trimester. ( 5.4 , 8.1 ) Increased Risk of Bleeding : Concomitant use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, other antiplatelet drugs, warfarin, and other anticoagulant drugs may increase risk. ( 5.5 ) Activation of Mania/Hypomania : Screen patients for bipolar disorder. ( 5.6 ) Seizures : Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders. ( 5.8 ) Angle-Closure Glaucoma : Angle-closure glaucoma has occurred in patients with untreated anatomically narrow angles treated with antidepressants. ( 5.9 ) Sexual Dysfunction : Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets may cause symptoms of sexual dysfunction. ( 5.13 ) 5.1 Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Adolescents and Young Adults In pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and other antidepressant classes) that included approximately 77,000 adult patients and 4,500 pediatric patients, the incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in antidepressant-treated patients age 24 years and younger was greater than in placebo-treated patients. There was considerable variation in risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among drugs, but there was an increased risk identified in young patients for most drugs studied. There were differences in absolute risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors across the different indications, with the highest incidence in patients with MDD. The drug-placebo differences in the number of cases of suicidal thoughts and behaviors per 1000 patients treated are provided in Table 2. Table 2: Risk Differences of the Number of Patients of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in the Pooled Placebo-Controlled Trials of Antidepressants in Pediatric and Adult Patients Age Range Drug-Placebo Difference in Number of Patients of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors per 1,000 Patients Treated Increases Compared to Placebo <18 years old 14 additional patients 18 to 24 years old 5 additional patients Decreases Compared to Placebo 25 to 64 years old 1 fewer patient ≥65 years old 6 fewer patients It is unknown whether the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond four months. However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with MDD that antidepressants delay the recurrence of depression and that depression itself is a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for any indication for clinical worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially during the initial few months of drug therapy, and at times of dosage changes. Counsel family members or caregivers of patients to monitor for changes in behavior and to alert the healthcare provider. Consider changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidal thoughts or behaviors. 5.2 Serotonin Syndrome Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and SSRIs, including Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, can precipitate serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. The risk is increased with concomitant use of other serotonergic drugs (including triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, meperidine, methadone, tryptophan, buspirone, amphetamines, and St. John's Wort) and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin, i.e., MAOIs [see Contraindications (4) , Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Serotonin syndrome can also occur when these drugs are used alone. Serotonin syndrome signs and symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). The concomitant use of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets with MAOIs is contraindicated. In addition, do not initiate Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets in a patient being treated with MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue. No reports involved the administration of methylene blue by other routes (such as oral tablets or local tissue injection). If it is necessary to initiate treatment with an MAOI such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue in a patient taking Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, discontinue Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets before initiating treatment with the MAOI [see Contraindications (4) , Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . Monitor all patients taking Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets for the emergence of serotonin syndrome. Discontinue treatment with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets with other serotonergic drugs is clinically warranted, inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome and monitor for symptoms. 5.3 Drug Interactions Leading to QT Prolongation The CYP2D6 inhibitory properties of paroxetine can elevate plasma levels of thioridazine and pimozide. Since thioridazine and pimozide given alone produce prolongation of the QTc interval and increase the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias, the use of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets is contraindicated in combination with thioridazine and pimozide [see Contraindications (4) , Drug Interactions (7) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. 5.4 Embryofetal Toxicity Based on meta-analyses of epidemiological studies, exposure to paroxetine in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the rate of cardiovascular malformations among infants. For women who intend to become pregnant or who are in their first trimester of pregnancy, Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets should be initiated only after consideration of the other available treatment options [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. 5.5 Increased Risk of Bleeding Drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake inhibition, including Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, increase the risk of bleeding events. Concomitant use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), other antiplatelet drugs, warfarin, and other anticoagulants may add to this risk. Case reports and epidemiological studies (case-control and cohort design) have demonstrated an association between use of drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Based on data from the published observational studies, exposure to SSRIs, particularly in the month before delivery, has been associated with a less than 2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Bleeding events related to drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake have ranged from ecchymoses, hematomas, epistaxis, and petechiae to life-threatening hemorrhages. Inform patients about the increased risk of bleeding associated with the concomitant use of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. For patients taking warfarin, carefully monitor the international normalized ratio. 5.6 Activation of Mania or Hypomania In patients with bipolar disorder, treating a depressive episode with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets or another antidepressant may precipitate a mixed/manic episode. During controlled clinical trials of immediate-release paroxetine hydrochloride, hypomania or mania occurred in approximately 1% of paroxetine-treated unipolar patients compared to 1.1% of active-control and 0.3% of placebo-treated unipolar patients. Prior to initiating treatment with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, screen patients for any personal or family history of bipolar disorder, mania, or hypomania. 5.7 Discontinuation Syndrome Adverse reactions after discontinuation of serotonergic antidepressants, particularly after abrupt discontinuation, include: nausea, sweating, dysphoric mood, irritability, agitation, dizziness, sensory disturbances (e.g., paresthesia, such as electric shock sensations), tremor, anxiety, confusion, headache, lethargy, emotional lability, insomnia, hypomania, tinnitus, and seizures. A gradual reduction in dosage rather than abrupt cessation is recommended whenever possible [see Dosage and Administration (2.7) ]. Adverse reactions have been reported upon discontinuation of treatment with paroxetine in pediatric patients. The safety and effectiveness of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets in pediatric patients have not been established [see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ]. 5.8 Seizures Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets have not been systematically evaluated in patients with seizure disorders. Patients with history of seizures were excluded from clinical studies. Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets should be prescribed with caution in patients with a seizure disorder and should be discontinued in any patient who develops seizures. 5.9 Angle-Closure Glaucoma The pupillary dilation that occurs following use of many antidepressant drugs including Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets may trigger an angle closure attack in a patient with anatomically narrow angles who does not have a patent iridectomy. Cases of angle-closure glaucoma associated with use of paroxetine hydrochloride tablets have been reported. Avoid use of antidepressants, including Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, in patients with untreated anatomically narrow angles. 5.10 Hyponatremia Hyponatremia may occur as a result of treatment with SNRIs and SSRIs, including Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets. Cases with serum sodium lower than 110 mmol/L have been reported. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, confusion, weakness, and unsteadiness, which may lead to falls. Signs and symptoms associated with more severe and/or acute cases have included hallucination, syncope, seizure, coma, respiratory arrest, and death. In many cases, this hyponatremia appears to be the result of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). In patients with symptomatic hyponatremia, discontinue Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and institute appropriate medical intervention. Elderly patients, patients taking diuretics, and those who are volume-depleted may be at greater risk of developing hyponatremia with SNRIs and SSRIs [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ]. 5.11 Reduction of Efficacy of Tamoxifen Some studies have shown that the efficacy of tamoxifen, as measured by the risk of breast cancer relapse/mortality, may be reduced with concomitant use of paroxetine as a result of paroxetine's irreversible inhibition of CYP2D6 and lower blood levels of tamoxifen [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ] . One study suggests that the risk may increase with longer duration of coadministration. However, other studies have failed to demonstrate such a risk. When tamoxifen is used for the treatment or prevention of breast cancer, prescribers should consider using an alternative antidepressant with little or no CYP2D6 inhibition. 5.12 Bone Fracture Epidemiological studies on bone fracture risk during exposure to some antidepressants, including SSRIs, have reported an association between antidepressant treatment and fractures. There are multiple possible causes for this observation, and it is unknown to what extent fracture risk is directly attributable to SSRI treatment. 5.13 Sexual Dysfunction Use of SSRIs, including Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, may cause symptoms of sexual dysfunction [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . In male patients, SSRI use may result in ejaculatory delay or failure, decreased libido, and erectile dysfunction. In female patients, SSRI use may result in decreased libido and delayed or absent orgasm. It is important for prescribers to inquire about sexual function prior to initiation of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and to inquire specifically about changes in sexual function during treatment, because sexual function may not be spontaneously reported. When evaluating changes in sexual function, obtaining a detailed history (including timing of symptom onset) is important because sexual symptoms may have other causes, including the underlying psychiatric disorder. Discuss potential management strategies to support patients in making informed decisions about treatment.
Boxed Warning
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients in short-term studies. Closely monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for clinical worsening, and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are not approved for use in pediatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ] . WARNING: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in pediatric and young adult patients taking antidepressants. Closely monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for clinical worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are not approved for use in pediatric patients. ( 5.1 , 8.4 )
Contraindications
Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are contraindicated in patients: Taking, or within 14 days of stopping, MAOIs (including the MAOIs linezolid and intravenous methylene blue) because of an increased risk of serotonin syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Drug Interactions (7) ]. Taking thioridazine because of risk of QT prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) , Drug Interactions (7) ] . Taking pimozide because of risk of QT prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) , Drug Interactions (7) ] . With known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to paroxetine or to any of the inactive ingredients in Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets [see Adverse Reactions (6.1 , 6.2) ] . Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or use within 14 days of discontinuing a MAOIs. ( 4 , 5.2 , 7 ) Concomitant use of pimozide or thioridazine. ( 4 , 5.3 , 7 ) Known hypersensitivity to paroxetine or to any of the inactive ingredients in Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets. ( 4 )
Adverse Reactions
The following adverse reactions are included in more detail in other sections of the prescribing information: Hypersensitivity reactions to paroxetine [see Contraindications (4) ] Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Serotonin Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Embryofetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Increased Risk of Bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Activation of Mania/Hypomania [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Discontinuation Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Angle-closure Glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Hyponatremia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Bone Fracture [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Sexual Dysfunction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Most common adverse reactions (≥5% and at least twice placebo) in placebo-controlled MDD, PD, SAD, and PMDD clinical trials: abnormal ejaculation, abnormal vision, asthenia, constipation, decreased appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, female genital disorder, impotence, insomnia, libido decreased, nausea, somnolence, sweating, tremor. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Rhodes Pharmaceuticals at 1-888-827-0616 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Safety data for Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets is from 11 short-term, placebo-controlled clinical trials including 3 studies in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (Studies 1, 2, and 3), 3 studies in patients with panic disorder (PD) (Studies 4, 5, and 6), 1 study in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) (Study 7), and 4 studies in female patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (Studies 8, 9, 10, and 11) [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . These 11 trials included 1627 patients treated with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets. Studies 1 and 2 were 12-week studies that enrolled patients 18 to 65 years old who received Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets at doses ranging from 25 mg to 62.5 mg once daily. Study 3 was a 12-week study in patients 60 to 88 years old who received Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets at doses ranging from 12.5 mg to 50 mg once daily. Studies 4, 5, and 6 were 10-week studies in patients 19 to 72 years old who received Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets at doses ranging from 12.5 mg to 75 mg once daily. Study 7 was a 12-week study that enrolled adult patients who received Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets at doses ranging from 12.5 mg to 37.5 mg once daily. Studies 8, 9, and 10 were 12-week, placebo-controlled trials in female patients 18 to 46 years old who received Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets at doses of 12.5 mg or 25 mg once daily. Study 11 was a 12-week placebo-controlled trial in patients 18 to 46 years old who received Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets 2 weeks prior to the onset of menses (luteal phase dosing) at doses of 12.5 mg or 25 mg once daily. Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation in Patients with MDD, PD, SAD, and PMDD In pooled studies in patients with MDD, PD and SAD, the most common adverse reactions leading to study withdrawal were: nausea (up to 4% of patients), asthenia, headache, depression, insomnia, and abnormal liver function tests (each occurring in up to 2% of patients), and dizziness, somnolence, and diarrhea (each occurring in up to 1% of patients). In pooled studies for PMDD, the most common adverse reactions leading to study withdrawal were: nausea (occurring in up to 6% of patients), asthenia (occurring in up to 5% of patients), somnolence (occurring in up to 4% of patients), insomnia (occurring in approximately 2% of patients); and impaired concentration, dry mouth, dizziness, decreased appetite, sweating, tremor, yawn, and diarrhea (occurring in less than or equal to 2% of patients). Adverse Reactions in MDD, PD, and SAD Table 3 presents the most common adverse reactions in Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets-treated patients (incidence ≥5% and greater than placebo within at least 1 of the indications) in controlled trials in patients with MDD, PD, and SAD. Table 3. Adverse Reactions (≥5% of Patients Treated with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and Greater than Placebo) in 10 to 12 Week Studies of MDD, PD, and SAD MDD 18 to 65 year olds MDD ≥60 years old Panic Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Body System/Adverse Reaction Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets (N=212) % Placebo (N=211) % Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets (N=104) % Placebo (N=109) % Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets (N=444) % Placebo (N=445) % Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets (N=186) % Placebo (N=184) % Hyphen = the reaction listed occurred in <5% of patients treated with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets NA = the adverse reaction listed did not occur in this group of patients Body as a Whole Headache 27 20 17 13 NA NA 23 17 Asthenia 14 9 15 14 15 10 18 7 Abdominal Pain 7 4 - - 6 4 5 4 Back Pain 5 3 - - NA NA 4 1 Digestive System Nausea 22 10 - - 23 17 22 6 Diarrhea 18 7 15 9 12 9 9 8 Dry Mouth 15 8 18 7 13 9 3 2 Constipation 10 4 13 5 9 6 5 2 Flatulence 6 4 - - NA NA NA NA Decreased Appetite 2 12 5 8 6 1 <1 Dyspepsia NA NA 13 10 NA NA 2 <1 Musculoskeletal System Myalgia NA NA - - 5 3 NA NA Nervous System Somnolence 22 8 21 12 20 9 9 4 Insomnia 17 9 10 8 20 11 9 4 Dizziness 14 4 9 5 NA NA 7 4 Libido Decreased 7 3 8 <1 9 4 1 Nervousness NA NA - - 8 7 NA NA Tremor 7 1 7 0 8 2 4 2 Anxiety NA NA - - 5 4 2 1 Respiratory System Sinusitis NA NA - - 8 5 NA NA Yawn 0 - - 3 0 2 0 Skin and Appendages Sweating 6 2 10 <1 7 2 14 3 Special Senses Abnormal Vision Mostly blurred vision 5 1 - - 3 <1 2 0 Urogenital System Abnormal Ejaculation Based on the number of males or females , Mostly anorgasmia or delayed ejaculation 26 1 17 3 27 3 15 1 Female Genital Disorder , Mostly anorgasmia or delayed orgasm 10 <1 - - 7 1 3 0 Impotence 5 3 9 3 10 1 9 0 Other Adverse Reactions Observed During the Premarketing Evaluation of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Adverse reactions from studies in MDD (not including Study 3 in elderly patients), PD, and SAD that occurred between 1% and 5% of patients treated with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and at a rate greater than in placebo-treated patients include: allergic reaction, tachycardia, vasodilatation, hypertension, migraine, vomiting, weight loss, weight gain, hypertonia, paresthesia, agitation, confusion, myoclonus, concentration impaired, depression, rhinitis, cough increased, bronchitis, photosensitivity, eczema, taste perversion, UTI, menstrual disorder, urinary frequency, urination impaired, and vaginitis. Adverse Reactions in Patients with PMDD Table 4 displays adverse reactions that occurred (incidence of 5% or more and greater than placebo within at least 1 of the studies) in patients treated with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets in Studies 8, 9, 10, and 11. Table 4. Adverse Reactions (≥5% of Patients Treated with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and Greater than Placebo) in Pooled Studies PMDD (Studies 8, 9, 11), and in Study 10 <1% means greater than zero and less than 1%. , The luteal phase and continuous dosing PMDD trials were not designed for making direct comparisons between the 2 dosing regimens. , Mostly anorgasmia or difficulty achieving orgasm. Body System/Adverse Reaction % Reporting Adverse Reaction Continuous Dosing Studies 8, 9, and 10 Luteal Phase Dosing Study 11 Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Placebo Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Placebo (n = 681) % (n = 349) % (n = 246) % (n = 120) % NA= the adverse reaction information is not available in this population. Body as a Whole Asthenia 17 6 15 4 Headache 15 12 NA NA Infection 6 4 NA NA Digestive System Nausea 17 7 18 2 Diarrhea 6 2 6 0 Constipation 5 1 2 <1 Nervous System Libido Decreased 12 5 9 6 Somnolence 9 2 3 <1 Insomnia 8 2 7 3 Dizziness 7 3 6 3 Tremor 4 <1 5 0 Skin and Appendages Sweating 7 <1 6 <1 Urogenital System Female Genital Disorders 8 1 2 0 Dose Dependent Adverse Reactions Comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions (placebo vs. 12.5 mg Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets vs. 25 mg Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets) from studies 8, 9, 10 showed the following adverse reactions to be dose-related: nausea, somnolence, sweating, dry mouth, dizziness, decreased appetite, tremor, impaired concentration, yawn, paresthesia, hyperkinesia, and vaginitis. Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction Although changes in sexual desire, sexual performance, and sexual satisfaction often occur as manifestations of a psychiatric disorder, they may also be a consequence of SSRI treatment. However, reliable estimates of the incidence and severity of untoward experiences involving sexual desire, performance, and satisfaction are difficult to obtain, in part because patients and healthcare providers may be reluctant to discuss them. Accordingly, estimates of the incidence of untoward sexual experience and performance cited in labeling may underestimate their actual incidence. The percentage of patients reporting symptoms of sexual dysfunction in the Studies 1 and 2 (nonelderly patients with MDD), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are presented in Table 5: Table 5. Adverse Reactions Related To Sexual Dysfunction In Patients Treated With Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets in Pooled 10-12 Week Studies of MDD, PD, SAD, and PMDD Studies 1 and 2 % Studies 4, 5, and 6 % Study 7 % Studies 8, 9, and 11 (Continuous Dosing) % Study 10 (Luteal Phase Dosing) % Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Placebo Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Placebo Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Placebo Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Placebo Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Placebo NA = the adverse reaction listed did not occur in this group of patients. n (males) 78 78 162 194 88 97 NA NA NA NA Decreased Libido 10 5 9 6 13 1 NA NA NA NA Abnormal ejaculation 26 1 27 3 15 1 NA NA NA NA Impotence 5 3 10 1 9 0 NA NA NA NA n (females) 134 133 282 251 98 87 681 349 246 120 Decreased Libido 4 2 8 2 4 1 12 5 9 6 Orgasmic Disturbance 10 <1 7 1 3 0 8 1 2 0 Paroxetine treatment has been associated with several cases of priapism. In those cases with a known outcome, patients recovered without sequelae. Less Common Adverse Reactions The following adverse reactions occurred during the clinical studies of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and are not included elsewhere in the labeling. Reactions are categorized by body system and listed in order of decreasing frequency according to the following definitions: frequent adverse reactions are those occurring on 1 or more occasions in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse reactions are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1,000 patients; rare reactions are those occurring in fewer than 1/1,000 patients. Cardiovascular System : Infrequent was postural hypotension. Hemic and Lymphatic System: Rare was thrombocytopenia. Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders: Infrequent were generalized edema and hypercholesteremia. Nervous System: Infrequent were convulsion, akathisia, and manic reaction. Psychiatric : Infrequent were hallucinations. Skin and Appendages: Frequent was rash; infrequent was urticaria; rare was angioedema and erythema multiforme. Urogenital System: Infrequent was urinary retention; rare was urinary incontinence. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following reactions have been identified during post approval use of paroxetine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Acute pancreatitis, elevated liver function tests (the most severe cases were deaths due to liver necrosis, and grossly elevated transaminases associated with severe liver dysfunction), Guillain-Barré syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), priapism, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), prolactinemia and galactorrhea; extrapyramidal symptoms which have included akathisia, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, dystonia, hypertonia, trismus; status epilepticus, acute renal failure, pulmonary hypertension, allergic alveolitis, anosmia, hyposmia, anaphylaxis, eclampsia, laryngismus, optic neuritis, porphyria, restless legs syndrome (RLS), ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia (including torsade de pointes), hemolytic anemia, events related to impaired hematopoiesis (including aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, bone marrow aplasia, and agranulocytosis), and vasculitic syndromes (such as Henoch-Schönlein purpura).
Drug Interactions
Drugs Highly Bound to Plasma Protein : Monitor for adverse reactions and reduce dosage of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets or other protein-bound drugs (e.g., warfarin) as warranted. ( 7 ) Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6 : Reduce dosage of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 as warranted. ( 7 ) Concomitant use with Tamoxifen : Consider use of an alternative antidepressant with little or no CYP2D6 inhibition. ( 5.11 , 7 ) 7.1 Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Table 6 includes clinically significant drug interactions with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Table 6: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Clinical Impact The concomitant use of SSRIs, including Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets, and MAOIs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Intervention Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are contraindicated in patients taking MAOIs, including MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) , Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Examples selegiline, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, linezolid, methylene blue Pimozide and Thioridazine Clinical Impact Increased plasma concentrations of pimozide and thioridazine, drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, may increase the risk of QTc prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. Intervention Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are contraindicated in patients taking pimozide or thioridazine [see Contraindications (4) ]. Other Serotonergic Drugs Clinical Impact The concomitant use of serotonergic drugs with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Intervention Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during treatment initiation and dosage increases. If serotonin syndrome occurs, consider discontinuation of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and/or concomitant serotonergic drugs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Examples Other SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, opioids, lithium, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John's Wort Drugs that Interfere with Hemostasis (antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants) Clinical Impact The concurrent use of an antiplatelet agent or anticoagulant with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets may potentiate the risk of bleeding. Intervention Inform patients of the increased risk of bleeding associated with the concomitant use of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets and antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants. For patients taking warfarin, carefully monitor the international normalized ratio [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] . Examples aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, warfarin Drugs Highly Bound to Plasma Protein Clinical Impact Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are highly bound to plasma protein. The concomitant use of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets with another drug that is highly bound to plasma protein may increase free concentrations of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets or other tightly-bound drugs in plasma. Intervention Monitor for adverse reactions and reduce dosage of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets or other protein-bound drugs as warranted. Examples warfarin Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6 Clinical Impact Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are a CYP2D6 inhibitor [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . The concomitant use of Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets with a CYP2D6 substrate may increase the exposure of the CYP2D6 substrate. Intervention Decrease the dosage of a CYP2D6 substrate if needed with concomitant Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets use. Conversely, an increase in dosage of a CYP2D6 substrate may be needed if Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets are discontinued. Examples propafenone, flecainide, atomoxetine, desipramine, dextromethorphan, metoprolol, nebivolol, perphenazine, tolterodine, venlafaxine, risperidone. Tamoxifen Clinical Impact Concomitant use of tamoxifen with Paroxetine Extended-Release Tablets may lead to reduced plasma concentrations of the active metabolite (endoxifen) and reduced efficacy of tamoxifen. Intervention Consider use of an alternative antidepressant little or no CYP2D6 inhibition [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ]. Fosamprenavir/Ritonavir Clinical Impact Co-administration of fosamprenavir/ritonavir with paroxetine significantly decreased plasma levels of paroxetine. Intervention Any dose adjustment should be guided by clinical effect (tolerability and efficacy).
Storage & Handling
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
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