Drug Facts
Composition & Profile
Identifiers & Packaging
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Doxycycline capsules 40 mg are beige opaque cap/beige opaque body size ‘2’ hard gelatin capsule imprinted with ‘H1’ on cap, filled with pale yellow to yellow and beige colored pellets. Bottle of 30 capsules with child-resistant closure, NDC 62332-785-30 Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature] and dispensed in tight, light-resistant containers (USP). Keep out of reach of children.; PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 62332-785-30 Doxycycline Capsules 40 mg* Rx only 30 Capsules Alembic 30 capsules
- 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Doxycycline capsules 40 mg are beige opaque cap/beige opaque body size ‘2’ hard gelatin capsule imprinted with ‘H1’ on cap, filled with pale yellow to yellow and beige colored pellets. Bottle of 30 capsules with child-resistant closure, NDC 62332-785-30 Storage: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature] and dispensed in tight, light-resistant containers (USP). Keep out of reach of children.
- PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 62332-785-30 Doxycycline Capsules 40 mg* Rx only 30 Capsules Alembic 30 capsules
Overview
Doxycycline capsules 40 mg are hard gelatin capsule shells filled with two types of doxycycline pellets (24 mg immediate release and 16 mg delayed release) that together provide a dose of 40 mg of anhydrous doxycycline (C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 ). The structural formula of doxycycline, USP is: with an empirical formula of C 22 H 24 N 2 O 8 •H 2 O and a molecular weight of 462.46. The chemical designation for doxycycline is 2-Naphthacenecar-boxamide,4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-, [4S-(4α, 4aα, 5α, 5aα, 6α,12aα)]-, monohydrate. It is very slightly soluble in water and in alcohol, practically insoluble in ether. It dissolves in dilute solutions of mineral acids and in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates. Inert ingredients in the formulation are: FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, hypromellose, methacrylic acid copolymer, polysorbate 80, sugar spheres (composed of corn starch, purified water and sucrose), talc, and triethyl citrate. Hard gelatin capsule shell contains gelatin, iron oxide black, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, and titanium dioxide. The capsule shells are printed with edible black ink containing iron oxide black, potassium hydroxide and shellac. FDA approved dissolution test method and specifications differ from USP. doxycycline-str.jpg
Indications & Usage
Doxycycline is a tetracycline-class drug indicated for the treatment of only inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea in adult patients. (1.1) Limitations of Use This formulation of doxycycline has not been evaluated in the treatment or prevention of infections. Do not use doxycycline capsules for treating bacterial infections, providing antibacterial prophylaxis, or reducing the numbers or eliminating microorganisms associated with any bacterial disease. (1.2) Doxycycline capsules have not been evaluated for the treatment of the erythematous, telangiectatic, or ocular components of rosacea. (1.2) 1.1 Indication Doxycycline capsules are indicated for the treatment of only inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea in adult patients. No meaningful effect was demonstrated for generalized erythema (redness) of rosacea. 1.2 Limitations of Use This formulation of doxycycline has not been evaluated in the treatment or prevention of infections. Do not use doxycycline capsules for treating bacterial infections, providing antibacterial prophylaxis, or reducing the numbers or eliminating microorganisms associated with any bacterial disease. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria as well as to maintain the effectiveness of other antibacterial drugs, doxycycline capsules should be used only as indicated. Doxycycline capsules have not been evaluated for the treatment of the erythematous, telangiectatic, or ocular components of rosacea.
Dosage & Administration
Take one doxycycline capsule (40 mg) once daily in the morning on an empty stomach, preferably at least one hour prior to or two hours after meals. (2.1) Exceeding the recommended dosage may result in an increased incidence of side effects including the development of resistant microorganisms. (2.2, 5.9) 2.1 General Dosing Information Take one doxycycline capsule (40 mg) once daily in the morning on an empty stomach, preferably at least one hour prior to or two hours after meals. Administration of adequate amounts of fluid along with the capsules is recommended to wash down the capsule to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration [see Adverse Reactions (6)]. 2.2 Important Considerations for Dosing Regimen The dosage of doxycycline capsules differs from that of doxycycline used to treat infections. Exceeding the recommended dosage may result in an increased incidence of side effects including the development of resistant organisms.
Warnings & Precautions
• The use of doxycycline during tooth development (the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, infancy and childhood up to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown) and reversible inhibition of bone growth. (5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 8.4) • Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of Clostridium difficile . If C. difficile associated diarrhea occurs, discontinue doxycycline. (5.3) • If renal impairment exists, doxycycline doses may need to be adjusted to avoid excessive systemic accumulations of the drug and possible liver injury. (5.4) • Photosensitivity can occur with doxycycline; Patients should minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight. (5.5) • Tetracyclines have been associated with the development of autoimmune syndromes; if symptoms develop, discontinue doxycycline immediately. (5.6) • Doxycycline may cause pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension). Discontinue doxycycline if symptoms occur. (5.8) • Bacterial resistance to tetracyclines may develop in patients using doxycycline. It should only be used as indicated. (5.9) 5.1 Inhibition of Bone Growth During Fetal and Pediatric Development Doxycycline, like other tetracycline-class drugs, may cause inhibition of bone growth when administered during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, infancy, and childhood. All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone-forming tissue. A decrease in fibula growth rate has been observed in premature human infants given oral tetracycline in doses of 25 mg/kg every 6 hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued. If doxycycline is used during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, advise the patient of the potential risk to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] . 5.2 Tooth Discoloration During Fetal and Pediatric Development The use of tetracycline class drugs orally during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy, and childhood up to the age of 8 years) may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth (yellow-gray-brown). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drug but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. Use of tetracycline drugs is not recommended during tooth development [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. 5.3 Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including doxycycline, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile . C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents. If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate management should be instituted as clinically indicated. 5.4 Metabolic Effects The anti-anabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in BUN. While this is not a problem in those with normal renal function, in patients with significantly impaired function, higher serum levels of tetracycline-class antibiotics may lead to azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and acidosis. If renal impairment exists, even usual oral or parenteral doses may lead to excessive systemic accumulations of the drug and possible liver toxicity. Under such conditions, lower than usual total doses are indicated, and if therapy is prolonged, serum level determinations of the drug may be advisable. 5.5 Photosensitivity Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Although this was not observed during the duration of the clinical studies with doxycycline, patients should minimize or avoid exposure to natural or artificial sunlight (tanning beds or UVA/B treatment) while using doxycycline. If patients need to be outdoors while using doxycycline, they should wear loose-fitting clothes that protect skin from sun exposure and discuss other sun protection measures with their physician. 5.6 Autoimmune Syndromes Tetracyclines have been associated with the development of autoimmune syndromes. Symptoms may be manifested by fever, rash, arthralgia, and malaise. In symptomatic patients, liver function tests, ANA, CBC, and other appropriate tests should be performed to evaluate the patients. Use of all tetracycline-class drugs should be discontinued immediately. 5.7 Tissue Hyperpigmentation Tetracycline-class drugs are known to cause hyperpigmentation. Tetracycline therapy may induce hyperpigmentation in many organs, including nails, bone, skin, eyes, thyroid, visceral tissue, oral cavity (teeth, mucosa, alveolar bone), sclerae and heart valves. Skin and oral pigmentation has been reported to occur independently of time or amount of drug administration, whereas other pigmentation has been reported to occur upon prolonged administration. Skin pigmentation includes diffuse pigmentation as well as over sites of scars or injury. 5.8 Pseudotumor Cerebri Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension) in adults has been associated with the use of tetracyclines. The usual clinical manifestations are headache and blurred vision. Bulging fontanels have been associated with the use of tetracyclines in infants. While both of these conditions and related symptoms usually resolve after discontinuation of the tetracycline, the possibility for permanent sequelae exists. Patients should be questioned for visual disturbances prior to initiation of treatment with tetracyclines and should be routinely checked for papiledema while on treatment. 5.9 Development of Drug Resistant Bacteria Bacterial resistance to tetracyclines may develop in patients using doxycycline. Because of the potential for drug-resistant bacteria to develop during the use of doxycycline, it should only be used as indicated. 5.10 Superinfection As with other antibiotic preparations, use of doxycycline may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible microorganisms, including fungi. If superinfection occurs, doxycycline should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted. Although not observed in clinical trials with doxycycline, the use of tetracyclines may increase the incidence of vaginal candidiasis. Doxycycline should be used with caution in patients with a history of or predisposition to Candida overgrowth. 5.11 Laboratory Monitoring Periodic laboratory evaluations of organ systems, including hematopoietic, renal and hepatic studies should be performed. Appropriate tests for autoimmune syndromes should be performed as indicated. 5.12 Fixed Drug Eruptions Fixed drug eruptions have occurred with doxycycline and have been associated with worsening severity upon subsequent administrations, including generalized bullous fixed drug eruption [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)] . If severe skin reactions occur, discontinue doxycycline immediately and initiate appropriate therapy.
Contraindications
This drug is contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to doxycycline or any other tetracyclines. Doxycycline capsules are contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines. (4)
Adverse Reactions
Some of the most common adverse reactions (incidence >2% and more common than with placebo) are nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, diarrhea, hypertension and aspartate aminotransferase increase. (6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited at 1-866-210-9797 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials of Doxycycline: In controlled clinical trials of adult subjects with mild to moderate rosacea, 537 subjects received doxycycline or placebo over a 16-week period. The following table summarizes selected adverse reactions that occurred in the clinical trials at a rate of ≥ 1% for the active arm: Table 1. Incidence (%) of Selected Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials of Doxycycline (n=269) vs. Placebo (n=268) Doxycycline Placebo Nasopharyngitis 13 (5) 9 (3) Pharyngolaryngeal Pain 3 (1) 2 (1) Sinusitis 7 (3) 2 (1) Nasal Congestion 4 (2) 2 (1) Fungal Infection 5 (2) 1 (0) Influenza 5 (2) 3 (1) Diarrhea 12 (5) 7 (3) Abdominal Pain Upper 5 (2) 1 (0) Abdominal Distention 3 (1) 1 (0) Abdominal Pain 3 (1) 1 (0) Stomach Discomfort 3 (1) 2 (1) Dry Mouth 3 (1) 0 (0) Hypertension 8 (3) 2 (1) Blood Pressure Increase 4 (2) 1 (0) Aspartate Aminotransferase Increase 6 (2) 2 (1) Blood Lactate Dehydrogenase Increase 4 (2) 1 (0) Blood Glucose Increase 3 (1) 0 (0) Anxiety 4 (2) 0 (0) Pain 4 (2) 1 (0) Back Pain 3 (1) 0 (0) Sinus Headache 3 (1) 0 (0) Note: Percentages based on total number of study participants in each treatment group. Adverse Reactions for Tetracyclines: The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines at higher, antimicrobial doses: Gastrointestinal : anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, and inflammatory lesions (with vaginal candidiasis) in the anogenital region. Hepatotoxicity. Esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving the capsule forms of the drugs in the tetracycline-class. Most of the patients experiencing esophagitis and/or esophageal ulceration took their medication immediately before lying down [see Dosage and Administration (2)] . Renal toxicity : Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose-related [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] . Skin : maculopapular and erythematous rashes. Exfoliative dermatitis. Photosensitivity is discussed above [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] . Hypersensitivity reactions : urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia. 6.2 Postmarketing Adverse Reactions Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of doxycycline. Nervous system: Pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension), headache. Skin: fixed drug eruption Psychiatric: depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, insomnia, abnormal dreams, hallucination
Drug Interactions
• Patients on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage. (7.1) • Some bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving tetracycline-class drugs in conjunction with penicillin. (7.2) • The concurrent use of tetracycline and methoxyflurane has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity. (7.3) 7.1 Anticoagulants Because tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage. 7.2 Penicillin Since bacteriostatic drugs may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin, it is advisable to avoid giving tetracycline-class drugs in conjunction with penicillin. 7.3 Methoxyflurane The concurrent use of tetracycline and methoxyflurane has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity. 7.4 Antacids and Iron Preparations Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by bismuth subsalicylate, proton pump inhibitors, antacids containing aluminum, calcium or magnesium and iron-containing preparations. 7.5 Oral Retinoids There have been reports of pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension) associated with the concomitant use of isotretinoin and tetracyclines. Since both oral retinoids, including isotretinoin and acitretin, and the tetracyclines, primarily minocycline, can cause increased intracranial pressure, the concurrent use of an oral retinoid and a tetracycline should be avoided. 7.6 Barbiturates and Anti-epileptics Barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline. 7.7 Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions False elevations of urinary catecholamine levels may occur due to interference with the fluorescence test.
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