METHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE

Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets contain methylphenidate a CNS stimulant, present as methylphenidate hydrochloride salt. Chemically, methylphenidate hydrochloride is d,l (racemic) methyl α-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate hydrochloride. Its empirical formula is C 14 H 19 NO 2 •HCl. Its structural formula is: Methylphenidate hydrochloride is a white, odorless crystalline powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and in methanol, soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in chloroform and in acetone. It has a pKa of 8.71 (at 21.5°C). Its molecular weight is 269.77. Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets are for oral administration and is available in the following strengths: 18 mg, 27 mg, 36 mg, 45 mg, 54 mg, 63 mg, and 72 mg containing methylphenidate hydrochloride (equivalent to 15.6 mg, 23.4 mg, 31.1 mg, 38.9 mg, 46.7 mg, 54.5 mg, and 62.3 mg methylphenidate respectively). Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: cellulose acetate, colloidal silicon dioxide, ferrosoferric oxide, hypromellose, iron oxide black, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, phosphoric acid, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, sodium chloride, succinic acid, titanium dioxide, triacetin. Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets also contain the following color additives: 27 mg: FD&C Yellow #6 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake 45 mg: FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake 54 mg: FD&C Yellow #6 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue #2 Aluminum Lake 18 and 63 mg: iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow 72 mg: FD&C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake System Components and Performance Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets use osmotic pressure to deliver methylphenidate hydrochloride at a controlled rate. The system, which resembles a conventional tablet in appearance, comprises an osmotically active bilayer core surrounded by a semipermeable membrane with an immediate-release drug overcoat. The bilayer core is composed of a drug layer containing the drug and excipients, and a push layer containing osmotically active components. There is a precision-laser drilled orifice on the drug-layer end of the tablet. In an aqueous environment, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the drug overcoat dissolves within one hour, providing an initial dose of methylphenidate. Water permeates through the membrane into the tablet core. As the osmotically active polymer excipients expand, methylphenidate is released through the orifice. The membrane controls the rate at which water enters the tablet core, which in turn controls drug delivery. Furthermore, the drug release rate from the system increases with time over a period of 6 to 7 hours due to the drug-concentration gradient incorporated into the two drug layers of core of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. The biologically inert components of the tablet remain intact during gastrointestinal transit and are eliminated in the stool as a tablet shell along with insoluble core components. It is possible that methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets may be visible on abdominal x-rays under certain circumstances, especially when digital enhancing techniques are utilized. Structural Image

Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults (up to the age of 65 years) and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older [ see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Limitations of Use The use of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets is not recommended in pediatric patients younger than 6 years of age because they had higher plasma exposure and a higher incidence of adverse reactions (e.g., weight loss) than patients 6 years and older at the same dosage [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )]. Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults (up to the age of 65 years) and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older ( 1 ). Limitations of Use The use of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets is not recommended in pediatric patients younger than 6 years of age because they had higher plasma exposure and a higher incidence of adverse reactions (e.g., weight loss) than patients 6 years and older at the same dosage ( 5.7 , 8.4 ).

Administer once daily in the morning with or without food. ( 2.2 ) Swallow whole with liquid. Do not chew, divide, or crush. ( 2.2 ) Recommended dosage for patients new to methylphenidate ( 2.3 ): Pediatric patients 6 to 17 years Starting dosage is 18 mg once daily. Dosage may be increased by 18 mg once per day at weekly intervals. Maximum dosage for pediatric patients 6 to 12 years: 54 mg once daily. Maximum dosage for pediatric patients 13 to 17 years: 72 mg once daily. Adults (up to 65 years) Starting dosage is 18 mg or 36 mg once daily. Dosage may be increased by 18 mg once daily at weekly intervals. Maximum dosage: 72 mg once daily. 2.1 Pretreatment Screening Prior to treating patients with methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets assess: for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. the family history and clinically evaluate patients for motor or verbal tics or Tourette's syndrome before initiating methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )]. 2.2 General Administration Information Administer methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets orally once daily in the morning with or without food. Swallow methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets whole with liquid. Do not chew, divide, or crush [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] . 2.3 Dosage Recommendations for Patients New to Methylphenidate Table 1 includes the starting dosage and dosage recommendations for methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years and adults who are not currently taking methylphenidate or other stimulants. Table 1: Dosage Recommendations for methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets in Pediatric Patients 6 to 17 years and Adults Patient Population Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets Recommended Starting Dosage Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets Dosage Range Pediatric patients 6 to 12 years 18 mg once daily 18 mg to 54 mg once daily 13 to 17 years 18 mg once daily 18 mg to 72 mg once daily (not to exceed 2 mg/kg/day) Adults 18 (up to 65 years) 18 mg or 36 mg once daily 18 mg to 72 mg once daily 2.4 Dosage Recommendations for Patients Currently Using Methylphenidate The recommended starting dosage of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets for patients who are currently taking methylphenidate twice daily or three times daily at doses of 10 mg to 60 mg daily is provided in Table 2. Table 2: Recommended Starting Dosage when Converting from Methylphenidate Regimens to methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets Current Methylphenidate Daily Dosage Recommended Starting Dosage of Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets 5 mg methylphenidate twice daily or three times daily 18 mg once daily in the morning 10 mg methylphenidate twice daily or three times daily 36 mg once daily in the morning 15 mg methylphenidate twice daily or three times daily 54 mg once daily in the morning 20 mg methylphenidate twice daily or three times daily 72 mg once daily in the morning 2.5 Dose Titration Doses may be increased in 18 mg increments at weekly intervals for patients who have not achieved clinical response at a lower dose. Daily dosages above 54 mg in pediatric patients 6 to 12 years and above 72 mg in pediatric patients 13 to 17 years have not been studied and are not recommended. Daily dosages above 72 mg are not recommended in adults. Dosage strengths of 27 mg, 45 mg, and 63 mg are available for additional titration options based on clinical response. 2.6 Dosage Reduction and Discontinuation If paradoxical aggravation of symptoms or other adverse reaction occur, reduce the dosage, or, if necessary, discontinue methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. If improvement is not observed after appropriate dosage adjustment over a one-month period, discontinue methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets.

Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets are contraindicated in patients: with a known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other components of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. Hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients treated with other methylphenidate products [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] . receiving concomitant treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and also within 14 days following discontinuation of treatment with a MAOI, because of the risk of hypertensive crisis [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other components of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets ( 4 ) Concurrent treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), or use of an MAOI within the preceding 14 days ( 4 )

The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction [see Box Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), and Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 , 9.3 )] Known hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or other ingredients [see Contraindications ( 4 )] Hypertensive crisis when used concomitantly with monoamine oxidase inhibitors [see Contraindications ( 4 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Psychiatric Adverse Reactions [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Priapism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s Phenomenon [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Potential for Gastrointestinal Obstruction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] Increased Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] The most common adverse reactions (>5%) were: Pediatric patients 6 to 17 years: abdominal pain upper ( 6.1 ) Adults: decreased appetite, headache, dry mouth, nausea, insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, weight decreased, irritability, and hyperhidrosis ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Trigen Laboratories, LLC at 1-800-444-5164 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The safety of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets for the treatment of ADHD is based on adequate and well-controlled studies of another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. Below is a display of adverse reactions from those adequate and well-controlled studies in ADHD. Adults and pediatric patients 6 to 17 years with ADHD were evaluated in six controlled clinical studies and eleven open-label clinical studies (see Table 3). Safety was assessed by collecting adverse reactions, vital signs, weights, and electrocardiograms (ECGs), and by performing physical examinations and laboratory analyses. A total of 3,906 patients participated in the clinical trials. Table 3: Exposure in Double-Blind and Open-Label Clinical Studies of Another Formulation of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets Patient Population N Dosage Range Pediatric patients 6 to 12 years 2216 18 mg to 54 mg once daily Pediatric patients 13 to 17 years 502 18 mg to 72 mg once daily Adults 1188 18 mg to 108 mg* once daily * 108 mg is 1.5 times the maximum recommended dosage of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. The most common adverse reactions in double-blind clinical trials (>5%) were: Pediatric patients 6 to 17 years: abdominal pain upper (see Table 4). Adults: decreased appetite, headache, dry mouth, nausea, insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, weight decreased, irritability, and hyperhidrosis (see Table 5). The most common adverse reactions associated with discontinuation (≥1%) from either pediatric or adult clinical trials were anxiety, irritability, insomnia, and blood pressure increased . Adverse reactions in either the pediatric or adult double-blind adverse reactions tables may be relevant for both patient populations. Pediatric Patients 6 to 17 Years Table 4 lists the adverse reactions reported in 1% or more of another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablet-treated pediatric patients (6 to 17 years) in four placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials. Table 4: Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥1% of Pediatric Patients (6 to 17 years) Treated with Another Formulation of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets in Four Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trials System/Organ Class Adverse Reaction Another Formulation of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets (n=321) % Placebo (n=318) % Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal pain upper 6.2 3.8 Vomiting 2.8 1.6 General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Pyrexia 2.2 0.9 Infections and Infestations Nasopharyngitis 2.8 2.2 Nervous System Disorders Dizziness 1.9 0 Psychiatric Disorders Insomnia * 2.8 0.3 Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Cough 1.9 0.9 Oropharyngeal pain 1.2 0.9 * Terms of Initial insomnia (methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets =0.6%) and Insomnia (methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets =2.2%) are combined into Insomnia. Adults Table 5 lists the adverse reactions reported in 1% or more of adults treated with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets in two placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials. Table 5: Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥1% of Adults Treated with Another Formulation of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets in Two Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trials * System/Organ Class Adverse Reaction Another Formulation of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets (n=415) % Placebo (n=212) % Cardiac Disorders Tachycardia 4.8 0 Palpitations 3.1 0.9 Ear and Labyrinth Disorders Vertigo 1.7 0 Eye Disorders Vision blurred 1.7 0.5 Gastrointestinal Disorders Dry mouth 14.0 3.8 Nausea 12.8 3.3 Dyspepsia 2.2 0.9 Vomiting 1.7 0.5 Constipation 1.4 0.9 General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Irritability 5.8 1.4 Infections and Infestations Upper respiratory tract infection 2.2 0.9 Investigations Weight decreased 6.5 3.3 Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Decreased appetite 25.3 6.6 Anorexia 1.7 0 Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Muscle tightness 1.9 0 Nervous System Disorders Headache 22.2 15.6 Dizziness 6.7 5.2 Tremor 2.7 0.5 Paresthesia 1.2 0 Sedation 1.2 0 Tension headache 1.2 0.5 Psychiatric Disorders Insomnia 12.3 6.1 Anxiety 8.2 2.4 Initial insomnia 4.3 2.8 Depressed mood 3.9 1.4 Nervousness 3.1 0.5 Restlessness 3.1 0 Agitation 2.2 0.5 Aggression 1.7 0.5 Bruxism 1.7 0.5 Depression 1.7 0.9 Libido decreased 1.7 0.5 Affect lability 1.4 0.9 Confusional state 1.2 0.5 Tension 1.2 0.5 Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Oropharyngeal pain 1.7 1.4 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Hyperhidrosis 5.1 0.9 * Included doses up to 108 mg (1.5 times the maximum recommended dosage of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets). Adverse Reactions Observed in Clinical Trials with Another Formulation of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets This section includes adverse reactions reported with use of another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets in double-blind trials that do not meet the criteria specified for Table 4 or Table 5 and all adverse reactions reported by the other formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets-treated patients who participated in open-label and postmarketing clinical trials. Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Leukopenia Eye Disorders: Accommodation disorder, Dry eye Vascular Disorders: Hot flush Gastrointestinal Disorders: Abdominal discomfort, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: Asthenia, Fatigue, Feeling jittery, Thirst Infections and Infestations: Sinusitis Investigations: Alanine aminotransferase increased, Blood pressure increased, Cardiac murmur, Heart rate increased Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Muscle spasms Nervous System Disorders: Lethargy, Psychomotor hyperactivity, Somnolence Psychiatric Disorders: Anger, Hypervigilance, Mood altered, Mood swings, Panic attack, Sleep disorder, Tearfulness, Tic Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: Erectile dysfunction Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: Dyspnea Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Rash, Rash macular Vascular Disorders: Hypertension Discontinuation Due to Adverse Reactions Adverse reactions in the four placebo-controlled studies of pediatric patients (6 to 17 years) leading to discontinuation occurred in 2 patients (0.6%) treated with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets including depressed mood (1, 0.3%) and headache and insomnia (1, 0.3%), and 6 placebo patients (1.9%) including headache and insomnia (1, 0.3%), irritability (2, 0.6%), headache (1, 0.3%), psychomotor hyperactivity (1, 0.3%), and tic (1, 0.3%). In the two placebo-controlled studies of adults, 25 patients (6.0%) treated with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and 6 placebo patients (2.8%) discontinued due to an adverse reaction. Incidence of >0.5% in patients treated with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets included anxiety (1.7%), irritability (1.4%), blood pressure increased (1.0%), and nervousness (0.7%). In placebo patients, blood pressure increased and depressed mood had an incidence of >0.5% (0.9%). In the eleven open-label studies of pediatric patients and adults, 266 patients (7.0%) treated with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets discontinued due to an adverse reaction. Incidence of >0.5% included insomnia (1.2%), irritability (0.8%), anxiety (0.7%), decreased appetite (0.7%), and tic (0.6%). Tics In a long-term uncontrolled study (n=432 pediatric patients 6 to 12 years), the cumulative incidence of new onset of tics was 9% after 27 months of treatment with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. In a second uncontrolled study (n=682 pediatric patients 6 to 12 years) the cumulative incidence of new-onset tics was 1% (9/682). The treatment period was up to 9 months with mean treatment duration of 7.2 months. Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Increases In the laboratory classroom clinical trials in pediatric patients 6 to 12 years (Studies 1 and 2), both another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets once daily and methylphenidate three times daily increased resting pulse by an average of 2 to 6 bpm and produced average increases of systolic and diastolic blood pressure of roughly 1 to 4 mm Hg during the day, relative to placebo. In the placebo-controlled trial in pediatric patients 13 to 17 years (Study 4), mean increases from baseline in resting pulse rate were observed with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and placebo at the end of the double-blind phase (5 and 3 beats/minute, respectively). Mean increases from baseline in blood pressure at the end of the double-blind phase for another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and placebo-treated patients were 0.7 and 0.7 mm Hg (systolic) and 2.6 and 1.4 mm Hg (diastolic), respectively. In one placebo-controlled study in adults (Study 6), dose-dependent mean increases of 3.9 to 9.8 bpm from baseline in standing pulse rate were observed with another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets at the end of the double-blind treatment vs. an increase of 2.7 beats/minute with placebo. Mean changes from baseline in standing blood pressure at the end of double-blind treatment ranged from 0.1 to 2.2 mm Hg (systolic) and -0.7 to 2.2 mm Hg (diastolic) for another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and was 1.1 mm Hg (systolic) and -1.8 mm Hg (diastolic) for placebo. In a second placebo-controlled study in adults (Study 5), mean changes from baseline in resting pulse rate were observed for another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and placebo at the end of the double-blind treatment (3.6 and –1.6 beats/minute, respectively). Mean changes from baseline in blood pressure at the end of the double–blind treatment for another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets and placebo-treated patients were –1.2 and –0.5 mm Hg (systolic) and 1.1 and 0.4 mm Hg (diastolic), respectively [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of another formulation of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Pancytopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Thrombocytopenic purpura Cardiac Disorders: Angina pectoris, Bradycardia, Extrasystoles, Supraventricular tachycardia, Ventricular extrasystoles Eye Disorders: Diplopia, Increased intraocular pressure, Mydriasis, Visual impairment General Disorders: Chest pain, Chest discomfort, Drug effect decreased, Hyperpyrexia, Therapeutic response decreased Hepatobiliary Disorders: Hepatocellular injury, Acute hepatic failure Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity reactions such as Angioedema, Anaphylactic reactions, Auricular swelling, Bullous conditions, Exfoliative conditions, Urticarias, Pruritus NEC, Rashes, Eruptions, and Exanthemas NEC Investigations: Blood alkaline phosphatase increased, Blood bilirubin increased, Hepatic enzyme increased, Platelet count decreased, White blood cell count abnormal Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue and Bone Disorders: Arthralgia, Myalgia, Muscle twitching, Rhabdomyolysis Nervous System Disorders: Convulsion, Grand mal convulsion, Dyskinesia, Serotonin syndrome in combination with serotonergic drugs, Motor and Verbal Tics Psychiatric Disorders: Disorientation, Hallucination, Hallucination auditory, Hallucination visual, Mania, Logorrhea, Libido changes Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: Priapism Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Alopecia, Erythema Vascular Disorders: Raynaud's phenomenon

Antihypertensive Drugs: Monitor blood pressure. Adjust dosage of antihypertensive drug as needed ( 7.1 ) 7.1 Clinically Important Drug Interactions Table 6 presents clinically important drug interactions with methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets. Table 6: Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of MAOIs and CNS stimulants can cause hypertensive crisis. Potential outcomes include death, stroke, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, ophthalmological complications, eclampsia, pulmonary edema, and renal failure [see Contraindications ( 4 )] . Intervention: Do not administer methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets concomitantly with MAOIs or within 14 days after discontinuing MAOI treatment. Antihypertensive Drugs Clinical Impact: Methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets may decrease the effectiveness of drugs used to treat hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Intervention: Monitor blood pressure and adjust the dosage of the antihypertensive drug as needed. Halogenated Anesthetics Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of halogenated anesthetics and methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets may increase the risk of sudden blood pressure and heart rate increase during surgery. Intervention: Avoid use of methylphenidate hydrochloride extended-release tablets in patients being treated with anesthetics on the day of surgery. Risperidone Clinical Impact: Combined use of methylphenidate with risperidone when there is a change, whether an increase or decrease, in dosage of either or both medications, may increase the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Intervention: Monitor for signs of EPS.