Drug Facts
Composition & Profile
Identifiers & Packaging
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied Posaconazole Injection Posaconazole injection is available as a clear, colorless to yellow sterile liquid in single-dose Type I glass vials closed with chlorobutyl rubber stopper and aluminum seal (NDC 42023-195-01) containing 300 mg of posaconazole in 16.7 mL of solution (18 mg of posaconazole per mL). The vial stopper is not made with natural rubber latex. 16.2 Storage and Handling Posaconazole Injection Posaconazole injection vial should be stored refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Storage conditions for the diluted solution are presented in another section of the prescribing information [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] .; PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 300 mg/16.7 mL Vial Label NDC 42023 -195- 01 Rx Only Posaconazole Injection 300 mg/16.7 mL (18 mg/mL) For Intravenous Use Only Requires further dilution prior to infusion 16.7 mL x 1 Sterile Single-Dose Vial Discard Unused Portion This is a label of Posaconazole Injection 300 mg/16.7 mL (18mg/mL).
- 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied Posaconazole Injection Posaconazole injection is available as a clear, colorless to yellow sterile liquid in single-dose Type I glass vials closed with chlorobutyl rubber stopper and aluminum seal (NDC 42023-195-01) containing 300 mg of posaconazole in 16.7 mL of solution (18 mg of posaconazole per mL). The vial stopper is not made with natural rubber latex. 16.2 Storage and Handling Posaconazole Injection Posaconazole injection vial should be stored refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Storage conditions for the diluted solution are presented in another section of the prescribing information [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] .
- PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 300 mg/16.7 mL Vial Label NDC 42023 -195- 01 Rx Only Posaconazole Injection 300 mg/16.7 mL (18 mg/mL) For Intravenous Use Only Requires further dilution prior to infusion 16.7 mL x 1 Sterile Single-Dose Vial Discard Unused Portion This is a label of Posaconazole Injection 300 mg/16.7 mL (18mg/mL).
Overview
Posaconazole is an azole antifungal agent. Posaconazole is available as an injection solution to be diluted before intravenous administration. Posaconazole is designated chemically as 4-[4-[4-[4-[[ (3 R ,5 R )-5- (2,4-difluorophenyl)tetrahydro-5- (1 H- 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-2-[(1 S ,2 S )-1-ethyl-2- hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro- 3H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one with an empirical formula of C 37 H 42 F 2 N 8 O 4 and a molecular weight of 700.8. The chemical structure is: Posaconazole is a white powder with a low aqueous solubility. Posaconazole Injection Posaconazole injection is available as a clear colorless to yellow, sterile liquid essentially free of foreign matter. Each vial contains 300 mg of posaconazole and the following inactive ingredients: 6.68 g Sulfobutyl-Ether-β-Cyclodextrin Sodium Salt (SBECD), 0.0033 g edetate disodium, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 2.6, and water for injection. Posaconazole chemical structure
Indications & Usage
Posaconazole is an azole antifungal indicated as follows: Posaconazole injection is indicated for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in adults and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older. ( 1.1 ) Posaconazole is indicated for the prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections in patients who are at high risk of developing these infections due to being severely immunocompromised, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) or those with hematologic malignancies with prolonged neutropenia from chemotherapy as follows: ( 1.2 ) Posaconazole injection: adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older 1.1 Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis Posaconazole injection is indicated for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in adults and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older. 1.2 Prophylaxis of Invasive Aspergillus and Candida Infections Posaconazole is indicated for the prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections in patients who are at high risk of developing these infections due to being severely immunocompromised, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or those with hematologic malignancies with prolonged neutropenia from chemotherapy [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] as follows: Posaconazole injection : adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older
Dosage & Administration
Posaconazole injection must be administered through an in-line filter. Administer posaconazole injection by intravenous infusion over approximately 90 minutes via a central venous line. ( 2.1 ) Do NOT administer posaconazole injection as an intravenous bolus injection. ( 2.1 ) Table 1: Recommended Dosage in Adult Patients Indication Dosage Form, Dose, and Duration of Therapy Treatment of invasive Aspergillosis Posaconazole Injection: Loading dose: 300 mg Posaconazole injection intravenously twice a day on the first day. Maintenance dose: 300 mg Posaconazole injection intravenously once a day thereafter. Recommended total duration of therapy is 6 to 12 weeks. ( 2.2 ) Prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections Posaconazole Injection: Loading dose : 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously twice a day on the first day. Maintenance dose : 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously once a day thereafter. Duration of therapy is based on recovery from neutropenia or immunosuppression. ( 2.2 , 2.3 ) For pediatric patients, see the Full Prescribing Information for dosing recommendations for posaconazole injection based on the age and indication associated with the dosage form. ( 1.1 , 1.2 , 2.1 , 2.3 ) 2.1 Important Administration Instructions Posaconazole Injection Administer via a central venous line, including a central venous catheter or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), by slow intravenous infusion over approximately 90 minutes [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . If a central venous catheter is not available, posaconazole injection may be administered through a peripheral venous catheter by slow intravenous infusion over 30 minutes only as a single dose in advance of central venous line placement or to bridge the period during which a central venous line is replaced or is in use for other intravenous treatment. When multiple dosing is required, the infusion should be done via a central venous line. Do NOT administer posaconazole injection as an intravenous bolus injection. 2.2 Dosing Regimen in Adult Patients Table 1: Dosing Regimens in Adult Patients Indication Dose and Frequency Duration of Therapy Treatment of invasive Aspergillosis Posaconazole Injection: Loading dose: 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously twice a day on the first day. Maintenance dose: 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously once a day, starting on the second day. Loading dose: 1 day Maintenance dose: Recommended total duration of therapy is 6 to 12 weeks. Prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections Posaconazole Injection: Loading dose: 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously twice a day on the first day. Maintenance dose: 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously once a day thereafter. Loading dose : 1 day Maintenance dose : Duration of therapy is based on recovery from neutropenia or immunosuppression. 2.3 Dosing Regimen in Pediatric Patients (ages 2 to less than 18 years of age) The recommended dosing regimen of posaconazole for pediatric patients 2 to less than 18 years of age is shown in Table 2 [see Dosage and Administration (2.5, 2.6, 2.8) and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . Table 2: Posaconazole Injection Dosing Regimens for Pediatric Patients (ages 2 to less than 18 years of age) Recommended Pediatric Dosage and Formulation Indication Weight/Age Injection Duration of therapy Prophylaxis of invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections Less than or equal to 40 kg (2 to less than 18 years of age) Loading dose : 6 mg/kg up to a maximum of 300 mg twice daily on the first day Maintenance dose: 6 mg/kg up to a maximum of 300 mg once daily Duration of therapy is based on recovery from neutropenia or immunosuppression. Greater than 40 kg (2 to less than 18 years of age) Treatment of invasive Aspergillosis 13 to less than 18 years of age regardless of weight. Loading dose: 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously twice a day on the first day. Maintenance dose: 300 mg posaconazole injection intravenously once a day, starting on the second day. Loading dose: 1 day Maintenance dose : Recommended total duration of therapy is 6 to 12 weeks. 2.4 Preparation, Intravenous Line Compatibility, and Administration of Posaconazole Injection Preparation: Equilibrate the refrigerated vial of posaconazole injection to room temperature. To prepare the required dose, aseptically transfer one vial (16.7 mL) of posaconazole injection (containing 300 mg of posaconazole in solution) to an intravenous bag (or bottle) of a compatible admixture diluent (as described in Table 5 ), to achieve a final concentration of posaconazole that is between 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL. Use of other diluents is not recommended because they may result in particulate formation. Posaconazole injection is a single-dose sterile solution without preservatives. Discard any unused portion from the vial. Once admixed, the diluted solution of posaconazole in the intravenous bag (or bottle) should be used immediately. If not used immediately, the solution can be stored up to 24 hours refrigerated 2 to 8°C (36 to 46°F). Discard any unused portion. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Once admixed, the solution of posaconazole ranges from colorless to yellow. Variations of color within this range do not affect the quality of the product. Intravenous Line Compatibility: A study was conducted to evaluate physical compatibility of posaconazole injection with injectable drug products and commonly used intravenous diluents during simulated Y-site infusion. Compatibility was determined through visual observations, measurement of particulate matter and turbidity. Compatible diluents and drug products are listed in Tables 5 and 6 below. Any diluents or drug products not listed in the tables below should not be co-administered through the same intravenous line (or cannula). Posaconazole injection can be infused at the same time through the same intravenous line (or cannula) with the following compatible diluents: Table 5: Compatible Diluents 0.45% sodium chloride 0.9% sodium chloride 5% dextrose in water 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride 5% dextrose and 20 mEq potassium chloride Posaconazole injection can be infused at the same time through the same intravenous line (or cannula) with the following drug products prepared in 5% dextrose in water or sodium chloride 0.9%. Co-administration of drug products prepared in other diluents may result in particulate formation. Table 6: Compatible Drugs Amikacin sulfate Caspofungin Ciprofloxacin Daptomycin Dobutamine hydrochloride Famotidine Filgrastim Gentamicin sulfate Hydromorphone hydrochloride Levofloxacin Lorazepam Meropenem Micafungin Morphine sulfate Norepinephrine bitartrate Potassium chloride Vancomycin hydrochloride Incompatible Diluents: Posaconazole injection must not be diluted with the following diluents: Lactated Ringer's solution 5% dextrose with Lactated Ringer's solution 4.2% sodium bicarbonate Administration: Posaconazole injection must be administered through a 0.22-micron polyethersulfone (PES) or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) filter. Administer via a central venous line, including a central venous catheter or PICC by slow infusion over approximately 90 minutes. Posaconazole injection is not for bolus administration. If a central venous catheter is not available, posaconazole injection may be administered through a peripheral venous catheter only as a single dose in advance of central venous line placement or to bridge the period during which a central venous line is replaced or is in use for other treatment. When multiple dosing is required, the infusion should be done via a central venous line. When administered through a peripheral venous catheter, the infusion should be administered over approximately 30 minutes. Note: In clinical trials, multiple peripheral infusions given through the same vein resulted in infusion site reactions [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . 2.9 Dosage Adjustments in Patients with Renal Impairment Posaconazole injection should be avoided in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (eGFR <50 mL/min), unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the use of posaconazole injection. In patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <50 mL/min), receiving the posaconazole injection, accumulation of the intravenous vehicle, Sulfobutyl-Ether-β-Cyclodextrin Sodium Salt (SBECD), is expected to occur. Serum creatinine levels should be closely monitored in these patients, and, if increases occur, consideration should be given to changing to oral posaconazole therapy.
Warnings & Precautions
Calcineurin-Inhibitor Toxicity : Posaconazole increases concentrations of cyclosporine or tacrolimus; reduce dose of cyclosporine and tacrolimus and monitor concentrations frequently. ( 5.1 ) Arrhythmias and QTc Prolongation : Posaconazole has been shown to prolong the QTc interval and cause cases of TdP. Administer with caution to patients with potentially proarrhythmic conditions. Do not administer with drugs known to prolong QTc interval and metabolized through CYP3A4. ( 5.2 ) Electrolyte Disturbances : Monitor and correct, especially those involving potassium (K + ), magnesium (Mg ++ ), and calcium (Ca ++ ), before and during posaconazole therapy. ( 5.3 ) Pseudoaldosteronism : Manifested by the onset or worsening of hypertension, and abnormal laboratory findings. Monitor blood pressure and potassium levels, and manage as necessary. ( 5.4 ) Hepatic Toxicity : Elevations in liver tests may occur. Discontinuation should be considered in patients who develop abnormal liver tests or monitor liver tests during treatment. ( 5.5 ) Renal Impairment : Posaconazole injection should be avoided in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min), unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the use of posaconazole injection. ( 5.6 , 8.6 ) Concomitant Use with Midazolam : Posaconazole can prolong hypnotic/sedative effects. Monitor patients and benzodiazepine receptor antagonists should be available. ( 5.7 , 7.5 ) Vincristine Toxicity : Concomitant administration of azole antifungals, including posaconazole, with vincristine has been associated with neurotoxicity and other serious adverse reactions; reserve azole antifungals, including posaconazole, for patients receiving a vinca alkaloid, including vincristine, who have no alternative antifungal treatment options. ( 5.8 , 7.10 ) Venetoclax Toxicity: Concomitant administration of posaconazole with venetoclax may increase venetoclax toxicities, including the risk of tumor lysis syndrome, neutropenia, and serious infections; monitor for toxicity and reduce venetoclax dose. ( 4.6 , 5.11 , 7.16 ) 5.1 Calcineurin-Inhibitor Toxicity Concomitant administration of posaconazole with cyclosporine or tacrolimus increases the whole blood trough concentrations of these calcineurin-inhibitors [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Nephrotoxicity and leukoencephalopathy (including deaths) have been reported in clinical efficacy studies in patients with elevated cyclosporine or tacrolimus concentrations. Frequent monitoring of tacrolimus or cyclosporine whole blood trough concentrations should be performed during and at discontinuation of posaconazole treatment and the tacrolimus or cyclosporine dose adjusted accordingly. 5.2 Arrhythmias and QT Prolongation Some azoles, including posaconazole, have been associated with prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram. In addition, cases of torsades de pointes have been reported in patients taking posaconazole. Results from a multiple time-matched ECG analysis in healthy volunteers did not show any increase in the mean of the QTc interval. Multiple, time-matched ECGs collected over a 12-hour period were recorded at baseline and steady-state from 173 healthy male and female volunteers (18-85 years of age) administered NOXAFIL Oral Suspension 400 mg twice daily with a high-fat meal. In this pooled analysis, the mean QTc (Fridericia) interval change from baseline was –5 msec following administration of the recommended clinical dose. A decrease in the QTc(F) interval (–3 msec) was also observed in a small number of subjects (n=16) administered placebo. The placebo-adjusted mean maximum QTc(F) interval change from baseline was <0 msec (–8 msec). No healthy subject administered posaconazole had a QTc(F) interval ≥500 msec or an increase ≥60 msec in their QTc(F) interval from baseline. Posaconazole should be administered with caution to patients with potentially proarrhythmic conditions. Do not administer with drugs that are known to prolong the QTc interval and are metabolized through CYP3A4 [see Contraindications (4.3) and Drug Interactions (7.2) ] . 5.3 Electrolyte Disturbances Electrolyte disturbances, especially those involving potassium, magnesium or calcium levels, should be monitored and corrected as necessary before and during posaconazole therapy. 5.4 Pseudoaldosteronism Pseudoaldosteronism, manifested by the onset of hypertension or worsening of hypertension, and abnormal laboratory findings (hypokalemia, low serum renin and aldosterone, and elevated 11-deoxycortisol), has been reported with posaconazole use in the postmarket setting. Monitor blood pressure and potassium levels and manage as necessary. Management of pseudoaldosteronism may include discontinuation of posaconazole, substitution with an appropriate antifungal drug that is not associated with pseudoaldosteronism, or use of aldosterone receptor antagonists. 5.5 Hepatic Toxicity Hepatic reactions (e.g., mild to moderate elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and/or clinical hepatitis) have been reported in clinical trials. The elevations in liver tests were generally reversible on discontinuation of therapy, and in some instances these tests normalized without drug interruption. Cases of more severe hepatic reactions including cholestasis or hepatic failure including deaths have been reported in patients with serious underlying medical conditions (e.g., hematologic malignancy) during treatment with posaconazole. These severe hepatic reactions were seen primarily in subjects receiving the NOXAFIL Oral Suspension 800 mg daily (400 mg twice daily or 200 mg four times a day) in clinical trials. Liver tests should be evaluated at the start of and during the course of posaconazole therapy. Patients who develop abnormal liver tests during posaconazole therapy should be monitored for the development of more severe hepatic injury. Patient management should include laboratory evaluation of hepatic function (particularly liver tests and bilirubin). Discontinuation of posaconazole must be considered if clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop that may be attributable to posaconazole. 5.6 Renal Impairment Posaconazole injection should be avoided in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (eGFR <50 mL/min), unless an assessment of the benefit/risk to the patient justifies the use of posaconazole injection. In patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (eGFR <50 mL/min), receiving the posaconazole injection, accumulation of the intravenous vehicle, SBECD, is expected to occur. Serum creatinine levels should be closely monitored in these patients, and, if increases occur, consideration should be given to changing to oral posaconazole therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.9) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . 5.7 Midazolam Toxicity Concomitant administration of posaconazole with midazolam increases the midazolam plasma concentrations by approximately 5-fold. Increased plasma midazolam concentrations could potentiate and prolong hypnotic and sedative effects. Patients must be monitored closely for adverse effects associated with high plasma concentrations of midazolam and benzodiazepine receptor antagonists must be available to reverse these effects [see Drug Interactions (7.5) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 5.8 Vincristine Toxicity Concomitant administration of azole antifungals, including posaconazole injection, with vincristine has been associated with neurotoxicity and other serious adverse reactions, including seizures, peripheral neuropathy, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and paralytic ileus. Reserve azole antifungals, including posaconazole injection, for patients receiving a vinca alkaloid, including vincristine, who have no alternative antifungal treatment options [see Drug Interactions (7.10) ] . 5.11 Venetoclax Toxicity Concomitant administration of posaconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, with venetoclax may increase venetoclax toxicities, including the risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), neutropenia, and serious infections. In patients with CLL/SLL, administration of posaconazole during initiation and the ramp-up phase of venetoclax is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4.6) ] . Refer to the venetoclax labeling for safety monitoring and dose reduction in the steady daily dosing phase in CLL/SLL patients. For patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), dose reduction and safety monitoring are recommended across all dosing phases when coadministering posaconazole with venetoclax [see Drug Interactions (7.16) ]. Refer to the venetoclax prescribing information for dosing instructions. 5.3 Electrolyte Disturbances Electrolyte disturbances, especially those involving potassium, magnesium or calcium levels, should be monitored and corrected as necessary before and during posaconazole therapy. 5.11 Venetoclax Toxicity Concomitant administration of posaconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, with venetoclax may increase venetoclax toxicities, including the risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), neutropenia, and serious infections. In patients with CLL/SLL, administration of posaconazole during initiation and the ramp-up phase of venetoclax is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4.6) ] . Refer to the venetoclax labeling for safety monitoring and dose reduction in the steady daily dosing phase in CLL/SLL patients. For patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), dose reduction and safety monitoring are recommended across all dosing phases when coadministering posaconazole with venetoclax [see Drug Interactions (7.16) ]. Refer to the venetoclax prescribing information for dosing instructions.
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to posaconazole or other azole antifungal agents. ( 4.1 ) Coadministration of posaconazole with the following drugs is contraindicated; posaconazole increases concentrations and toxicities of: Sirolimus ( 4.2 , 5.1 , 7.1 ) CYP3A4 substrates (pimozide, quinidine): can result in QTc interval prolongation and cases of torsades de pointes (TdP) ( 4.3 , 5.2 , 7.2 ) HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Primarily Metabolized through CYP3A4 ( 4.4 , 7.3 ) Ergot alkaloids ( 4.5 , 7.4 ) Venetoclax: In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) at initiation and during the ramp-up phase ( 4.6 , 5.11 , 7.16 ) 4.1 Hypersensitivity Posaconazole is contraindicated in persons with known hypersensitivity to posaconazole or other azole antifungal agents. 4.2 Use with Sirolimus Posaconazole is contraindicated with sirolimus. Concomitant administration of posaconazole with sirolimus increases the sirolimus blood concentrations by approximately 9-fold and can result in sirolimus toxicity [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 4.3 QT Prolongation with Concomitant Use with CYP3A4 Substrates Posaconazole is contraindicated with CYP3A4 substrates that prolong the QT interval. Concomitant administration of posaconazole with the CYP3A4 substrates, pimozide and quinidine may result in increased plasma concentrations of these drugs, leading to QTc prolongation and cases of torsades de pointes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.2) ] . 4.4 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Primarily Metabolized Through CYP3A4 Coadministration with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that are primarily metabolized through CYP3A4 (e.g., atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin) is contraindicated since increased plasma concentration of these drugs can lead to rhabdomyolysis [see Drug Interactions (7.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 4.5 Use with Ergot Alkaloids Posaconazole may increase the plasma concentrations of ergot alkaloids (ergotamine and dihydroergotamine) which may lead to ergotism [see Drug Interactions (7.4) ] . 4.6 Use with Venetoclax Coadministration of posaconazole with venetoclax at initiation and during the ramp-up phase is contraindicated in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) due to the potential for increased risk of tumor lysis syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) and Drug Interactions (7.16) ].
Adverse Reactions
The following serious and otherwise important adverse reactions are discussed in detail in another section of the labeling: Hypersensitivity [see Contraindications (4.1) ] Arrhythmias and QT Prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Hepatic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Adult Patients : Common adverse reactions in studies with posaconazole in adults are diarrhea, nausea, fever, vomiting, headache, coughing, and hypokalemia. ( 6.1 ) Pediatric Patients: Common adverse reactions (incidence >20% receiving 6 mg/kg posaconazole injection) in a study in pediatric patients are pyrexia, febrile neutropenia, vomiting, mucosal inflammation, pruritus, hypertension, hypokalemia, and stomatitis. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Endo at 1-800-828-9393 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of posaconazole cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Clinical Trial Experience in Adults Clinical Trial Experience with Posaconazole Injection and NOXAFIL Delayed-Release Tablets for the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis The safety of posaconazole injection and NOXAFIL delayed-release tablet was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical study of posaconazole injection and NOXAFIL delayed-release tablets versus voriconazole for treatment of invasive aspergillosis (Aspergillosis Treatment Study). A total of 575 (288 in posaconazole arm, 287 in voriconazole arm) adult and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older with proven, probable or possible invasive aspergillosis were included. The median duration of treatment was 67 days for posaconazole injection or NOXAFIL delayed-release tablet and 64 days for voriconazole, with 55% to 60% of subjects starting treatment with the IV formulation of either drug. The median duration of the first instance of IV treatment (before switching to oral treatment or discontinuing or completing study treatment) was 9 days for both groups. Table 7 presents adverse reactions reported at an incidence of ≥ 10% in either one of the groups in Aspergillosis Treatment Study. Adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation were reported for 33.9% of subjects. The most commonly reported adverse reactions (>2% of subjects) leading to treatment discontinuation were septic shock, respiratory failure, and bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in the posaconazole arm, and septic shock and acute myeloid leukemia in the voriconazole arm. Table 7: Posaconazole Invasive Aspergillosis Treatment Study: Adverse Reactions in at Least 10% of Subjects Treated with Posaconazole Injection or NOXAFIL Delayed-Release Tablets System Organ Class Posaconazole injection or NOXAFIL tablet (N = 288), n (%) Voriconazole injection or oral (N = 287), n (%) Blood and lymphatic system disorders Anemia 25 (8.7) 29 (10.1) Febrile neutropenia 42 (14.6) 38 (13.2) Gastrointestinal disorders Abdominal pain 29 (10.1) 24 (8.4) Constipation 32 (11.1) 23 (8.0) Diarrhea 52 (18.1) 52 (18.1) Nausea 65 (22.6) 51 (17.8) Vomiting 52 (18.1) 39 (13.6) General disorders and administration site conditions Edema peripheral 32 (11.1) 24 (8.4) Pyrexia 81 (28.1) 72 (25.1) Infections and infestations Pneumonia 36 (12.5) 26 (9.1) Investigations Alanine aminotransferase increased 42 (14.6) 37 (12.9) Aspartate aminotransferase increased 38 (13.2) 36 (12.5) Blood alkaline phosphatase increased 21 (7.3) 29 (10.1) Metabolism and nutrition disorders Hypokalemia 82 (28.5) 49 (17.1) Hypomagnesemia 29 (10.1) 18 (6.3) Nervous system disorders Headache 35 (12.2) 25 (8.7) Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Cough 30 (10.4) 24 (8.4) Epistaxis 32 (11.1) 17 (5.9) The most frequently reported adverse reactions in the posaconazole-treated group were pyrexia (28%), hypokalemia (28%), and nausea (23%). Clinical Trial Experience with Posaconazole Injection for Prophylaxis Multiple doses of posaconazole injection administered via a peripheral venous catheter were associated with thrombophlebitis (60% incidence). Therefore, in subsequent studies, posaconazole injection was administered via central venous catheter. The safety of posaconazole injection has been assessed in 268 patients in a clinical trial. Patients were enrolled in a non-comparative pharmacokinetic and safety trial of posaconazole injection when given as antifungal prophylaxis (Posaconazole Injection Study). Patients were immunocompromised with underlying conditions including hematological malignancy, neutropenia post-chemotherapy, GVHD, and post HSCT. This patient population was 55% male, had a mean age of 51 years (range 18-82 years, 19% of patients were ≥65 years of age), and were 95% white and 8% Hispanic. Ten patients received a single dose of 200 mg posaconazole injection, 21 patients received 200 mg daily dose for a median of 14 days, and 237 patients received 300 mg daily dose for a median of 9 days. Table 8 presents adverse reactions observed in patients treated with posaconazole injection 300 mg daily dose in the Posaconazole Injection Study. Each patient received a loading dose, 300 mg twice on Day 1. Following posaconazole intravenous therapy, patients received NOXAFIL Oral Suspension to complete 28 days of total posaconazole therapy. Table 8: Posaconazole Injection Study: Adverse Reactions in at Least 10% of Subjects Treated with Posaconazole Injection 300 mg Daily Dose Body System Posaconazole Injection Treatment Phase n=237 (%)* Posaconazole Injection Treatment Phase or Subsequent NOXAFIL Oral Suspension Treatment Phase n=237 (%) † Subjects Reporting any Adverse Reaction 220 (93) 235 (99) Blood and Lymphatic System Disorder Anemia 16 (7) 23 (10) Thrombocytopenia 17 (7) 25 (11) Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal Pain Upper 15 (6) 25 (11) Abdominal Pain 30 (13) 41 (17) Constipation 18 (8) 31 (13) Diarrhea 75 (32) 93 (39) Nausea 46 (19) 70 (30) Vomiting 29 (12) 45 (19) General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Fatigue 19 (8) 24 (10) Chills 28 (12) 38 (16) Edema Peripheral 28 (12) 35 (15) Pyrexia 49 (21) 73 (31) Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Decreased appetite 23 (10) 29 (12) Hypokalemia 51 (22) 67 (28) Hypomagnesemia 25 (11) 30 (13) Nervous System Disorders Headache 33 (14) 49 (21) Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Cough 21 (9) 31 (13) Dyspnea 16 (7) 24 (10) Epistaxis 34 (14) 40 (17) Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Petechiae 20 (8) 24 (10) Rash 35 (15) 56 (24) Vascular Disorders Hypertension 20 (8) 26 (11) *Adverse reactions reported in patients with an onset during the posaconazole intravenous dosing phase of the study. † Adverse reactions reported with an onset at any time during the study in patients who were treated for up to 28 days of posaconazole therapy. The most frequently reported adverse reactions with an onset during the posaconazole intravenous phase of dosing with 300 mg once daily were diarrhea (32%), hypokalemia (22%), pyrexia (21%), and nausea (19%). These adverse reactions were consistent with those seen in studies with NOXAFIL Oral Suspension. The number of patients treated for invasive aspergillosis with clinically significant liver test abnormalities at any time during the Aspergillosis Treatment Study is provided in Table 14 . Liver test abnormalities present prior to the initiation of study drug included ALT (22%), AST (13%), and bilirubin (13%). Table 14: Aspergillosis Treatment Study: Changes in Liver Test Results from CTC Grade 0, 1, or 2 at Baseline to Grade 3 or 4 Number (%) of Patients with Change* Laboratory Parameter Posaconazole n/N (%) Voriconazole n/N (%) AST 22/281 (8) 21/285 (7) ALT 29/281 (10) 23/282 (8) Bilirubin 26/280 (9) 25/284 (9) Alkaline Phosphatase 12/282 (4) 20/284 (7) *Change from Grade 0 to 2 at baseline to Grade 3 or 4 during the study. These data are presented in the form n/N, where n represents the number of patients who met the criterion as indicated, and N represents the number of patients who had a baseline observation and at least one post-baseline observation. N=Number of subjects for a given laboratory test with a baseline value of CTC Grade 0, 1, or 2 and at least one post-baseline value. CTC = Common Toxicity Criteria; AST= Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALT= Alanine Aminotransferase. Clinical Trial Experience in Pediatrics Clinical Trial Experience in Pediatric Patients (2 to less than 18 Years of Age) The safety of posaconazole injection and NOXAFIL PowderMix for delayed-release oral suspension for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections has been assessed in an open label uncontrolled dose-ranging PK and safety study (posaconazole injection/ NOXAFIL PowderMix for delayed-release oral suspension Pediatric Study 1, NCT02452034); hereinafter referred to as Posaconazole Pediatric Study) in 115 immunocompromised pediatric patients 2 to less than 18 years of age with known or expected neutropenia. Posaconazole injection and NOXAFIL PowderMix for delayed-release oral suspension was administered at daily doses of up to 6 mg/kg (twice daily on day 1) in three dose cohorts. All 115 subjects initially received posaconazole injection for at least 7 days, and 63 subjects were transitioned to NOXAFIL PowderMix for delayed-release oral suspension. The mean overall treatment duration for all treated subjects was 20.6 days with 14.3 days (range: 1 to 28 days) on posaconazole injection and 11.6 days (range: 2 to 18 days) on NOXAFIL PowderMix for delayed-release oral suspension [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Table 15 presents adverse reactions observed in greater than or equal to 10% of pediatric patients treated with posaconazole in the Posaconazole Pediatric Study. Reported adverse reaction profile of posaconazole in pediatric patients was consistent with the safety profile of posaconazole in adults. The most common adverse reactions (occurring in greater than 20% of pediatric patients receiving 6 mg/kg Posaconazole injection and NOXAFIL PowderMix for delayed-release oral suspension daily dose) were pyrexia, febrile neutropenia, vomiting, mucosal inflammation, pruritus, hypertension, hypokalemia, and stomatitis. Table 15: Adverse Reactions in at Least 10% of Pediatric Patients Treated with Posaconazole Injection and NOXAFIL PowderMix for Delayed-Release Oral Suspension Adverse Reaction Posaconazole Injection and NOXAFIL PowderMix for Delayed-Release Oral Suspension 6 mg/kg Dose Cohort n=49 (%) Posaconazole Injection and NOXAFIL PowderMix for Delayed-Release Oral Suspension All Dose Cohorts n=115 (%) Pyrexia 16 (33) 50 (43) Febrile neutropenia 15 (31) 25 (22) Vomiting 12 (24) 30 (26) Mucosal inflammation 11 (22) 32 (28) Pruritus 11 (22) 18 (16) Hypertension 10 (20) 20 (17) Hypokalemia 10 (20) 16 (14) Stomatitis 10 (20) 13 (11) Diarrhea 9 (18) 25 (22) Nausea 9 (18) 18 (16) Abdominal pain 8 (16) 20 (17) Decreased appetite 7 (14) 17 (15) Rash 7 (14) 18 (16) Alanine aminotransferase increased 6 (12) 8 (7) Headache 6 (12) 16 (14) Aspartate aminotransferase increased 5 (10) 8 (7) The number of patients receiving posaconazole in the Posaconazole Pediatric Study who had changes in liver tests from Grade 0, 1, or 2 at baseline to Grade 3 or 4 is presented in Table 16 . Table 16: Posaconazole Pediatric Study: Changes in Liver Tests from CTC Grade 0, 1, or 2 at Baseline to Grade 3 or 4 Number (%) of Patients with Change* Pediatric Study 1 Laboratory Parameter Posaconazole Injection and NOXAFIL PowderMix for Delayed- Release Oral Suspension (6 mg/kg daily) n=49 (%) AST 2/49 (4) ALT 3/49 (6) Bilirubin 0/48 (0) Alkaline Phosphatase 0/48 (0) *Change from Grade 0 to 2 at baseline to Grade 3 or 4 during the study. These data are presented in the form X/Y, where X represents the number of patients who met the criterion as indicated, and Y represents the number of patients who had a baseline observation and at least one post-baseline observation. CTC = Common Toxicity Criteria; AST= Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALT= Alanine Aminotransferase 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reaction has been identified during the post-approval use of posaconazole. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency. Endocrine Disorders : Pseudoaldosteronism
Drug Interactions
Posaconazole is primarily metabolized via UDP glucuronosyltransferase and is a substrate of p- glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux. Therefore, inhibitors or inducers of these clearance pathways may affect posaconazole plasma concentrations. Coadministration of drugs that can decrease the plasma concentrations of posaconazole should generally be avoided unless the benefit outweighs the risk. If such drugs are necessary, patients should be monitored closely for breakthrough fungal infections. Posaconazole is also a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4. Therefore, plasma concentrations of drugs predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 may be increased by posaconazole [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . The following information was derived from data with NOXAFIL Oral Suspension or early tablet formulation unless otherwise noted. All drug interactions with NOXAFIL Oral Suspension, except for those that affect the absorption of posaconazole (via gastric pH and motility), are considered relevant to posaconazole injection as well. Interaction Drug Interaction Rifabutin, phenytoin, efavirenz Avoid coadministration unless the benefit outweighs the risks ( 7.6 , 7.7 , 7.8 ) Other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 Consider dosage adjustment and monitor for adverse effects and toxicity ( 7.1 , 7.10 , 7.11 ) Digoxin Monitor digoxin plasma concentrations ( 7.12 ) Fosamprenavir Monitor for breakthrough fungal infections ( 7.6 ) 7.1 Immunosuppressants Metabolized by CYP3A4 Sirolimus: Concomitant administration of posaconazole with sirolimus increases the sirolimus blood concentrations by approximately 9-fold and can result in sirolimus toxicity. Therefore, posaconazole is contraindicated with sirolimus [see Contraindications (4.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Tacrolimus: Posaconazole has been shown to significantly increase the C max and AUC of tacrolimus. At initiation of posaconazole treatment, reduce the tacrolimus dose to approximately one-third of the original dose. Frequent monitoring of tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations should be performed during and at discontinuation of posaconazole treatment and the tacrolimus dose adjusted accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Cyclosporine: Posaconazole has been shown to increase cyclosporine whole blood concentrations in heart transplant patients upon initiation of posaconazole treatment. It is recommended to reduce cyclosporine dose to approximately three-fourths of the original dose upon initiation of posaconazole treatment. Frequent monitoring of cyclosporine whole blood trough concentrations should be performed during and at discontinuation of posaconazole treatment and the cyclosporine dose adjusted accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 7.2 CYP3A4 Substrates Concomitant administration of posaconazole with CYP3A4 substrates such as pimozide and quinidine may result in increased plasma concentrations of these drugs, leading to QTc prolongation and cases of torsades de pointes. Therefore, posaconazole is contraindicated with these drugs [see Contraindications (4.3) and Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 7.3 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Primarily Metabolized Through CYP3A4 Concomitant administration of posaconazole with simvastatin increases the simvastatin plasma concentrations by approximately 10-fold. Therefore, posaconazole is contraindicated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors primarily metabolized through CYP3A4 [see Contraindications (4.4) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 7.4 Ergot Alkaloids Most of the ergot alkaloids are substrates of CYP3A4. Posaconazole may increase the plasma concentrations of ergot alkaloids (ergotamine and dihydroergotamine) which may lead to ergotism. Therefore, posaconazole is contraindicated with ergot alkaloids [see Contraindications (4.5) ] . 7.5 Benzodiazepines Metabolized by CYP3A4 Concomitant administration of posaconazole with midazolam increases the midazolam plasma concentrations by approximately 5-fold. Increased plasma midazolam concentrations could potentiate and prolong hypnotic and sedative effects. Concomitant use of posaconazole and other benzodiazepines metabolized by CYP3A4 (e.g., alprazolam, triazolam) could result in increased plasma concentrations of these benzodiazepines. Patients must be monitored closely for adverse effects associated with high plasma concentrations of benzodiazepines metabolized by CYP3A4 and benzodiazepine receptor antagonists must be available to reverse these effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. 7.6 Anti-HIV Drugs Efavirenz: Efavirenz induces UDP-glucuronidase and significantly decreases posaconazole plasma concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . It is recommended to avoid concomitant use of efavirenz with posaconazole unless the benefit outweighs the risks. Ritonavir and Atazanavir: Ritonavir and atazanavir are metabolized by CYP3A4 and posaconazole increases plasma concentrations of these drugs [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Frequent monitoring of adverse effects and toxicity of ritonavir and atazanavir should be performed during coadministration with posaconazole. Fosamprenavir: Combining fosamprenavir with posaconazole may lead to decreased posaconazole plasma concentrations. If concomitant administration is required, close monitoring for breakthrough fungal infections is recommended [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. 7.7 Rifabutin Rifabutin induces UDP-glucuronidase and decreases posaconazole plasma concentrations. Rifabutin is also metabolized by CYP3A4. Therefore, coadministration of rifabutin with posaconazole increases rifabutin plasma concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Concomitant use of posaconazole and rifabutin should be avoided unless the benefit to the patient outweighs the risk. However, if concomitant administration is required, close monitoring for breakthrough fungal infections as well as frequent monitoring of full blood counts and adverse reactions due to increased rifabutin plasma concentrations (e.g., uveitis, leukopenia) are recommended. 7.8 Phenytoin Phenytoin induces UDP-glucuronidase and decreases posaconazole plasma concentrations. Phenytoin is also metabolized by CYP3A4. Therefore, coadministration of phenytoin with posaconazole increases phenytoin plasma concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Concomitant use of posaconazole and phenytoin should be avoided unless the benefit to the patient outweighs the risk. However, if concomitant administration is required, close monitoring for breakthrough fungal infections is recommended and frequent monitoring of phenytoin concentrations should be performed while coadministered with posaconazole and dose reduction of phenytoin should be considered. 7.10 Vinca Alkaloids Most of the vinca alkaloids (e.g., vincristine and vinblastine) are substrates of CYP3A4. Concomitant administration of azole antifungals, including posaconazole injection, with vincristine has been associated with serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] . Posaconazole may increase the plasma concentrations of vinca alkaloids which may lead to neurotoxicity and other serious adverse reactions. Therefore, reserve azole antifungals, including posaconazole injection, for patients receiving a vinca alkaloid, including vincristine, who have no alternative antifungal treatment options. 7.11 Calcium Channel Blockers Metabolized by CYP3A4 Posaconazole may increase the plasma concentrations of calcium channel blockers metabolized by CYP3A4 (e.g., verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, nicardipine, felodipine). Frequent monitoring for adverse reactions and toxicity related to calcium channel blockers is recommended during coadministration. Dose reduction of calcium channel blockers may be needed. 7.12 Digoxin Increased plasma concentrations of digoxin have been reported in patients receiving digoxin and posaconazole. Therefore, monitoring of digoxin plasma concentrations is recommended during coadministration. 7.14 Glipizide Although no dosage adjustment of glipizide is required, it is recommended to monitor glucose concentrations when posaconazole and glipizide are concomitantly used. 7.16 Venetoclax Concomitant use of venetoclax (a CYP3A4 substrate) with posaconazole increases venetoclax C max and AUC 0-INF , which may increase venetoclax toxicities [see Contraindications (4.6) , Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] . Refer to the venetoclax prescribing information for more information on the dosing instructions and the extent of increase in venetoclax exposure. 7.16 Venetoclax Concomitant use of venetoclax (a CYP3A4 substrate) with posaconazole increases venetoclax C max and AUC 0-INF , which may increase venetoclax toxicities [see Contraindications (4.6) , Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] . Refer to the venetoclax prescribing information for more information on the dosing instructions and the extent of increase in venetoclax exposure.
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