Drug Facts
Composition & Profile
Identifiers & Packaging
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied Arsenic trioxide injection is supplied as a sterile, clear, colorless solution in glass, single-dose vials. It is available as follows: 10 mg/10 mL (1 mg/mL): 10 mL Single-Dose Vial (10 mL fill): NDC 72205-171-01 10 Single-Dose Vials in 1 Carton: NDC 72205-171-07 12 mg/6 mL (2 mg/mL): 10 mL Single-Dose Vial (6 mL fill): NDC 72205-172-01 10 Single-Dose Vials in 1 Carton: NDC 72205-172-07 Storage and Handling Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not freeze. Arsenic trioxide injection is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1; PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL Arsenic Trioxide Injection 10 mg/10 mL Carton Label Arsenic Trioxide Injection 20 mg/20 mL Carton Label Arsenic Trioxide Injection 10 mg/10 mL Container Label Arsenic Trioxide Injection 20 mg/20 mL Container Label arsenic-1mg-crtn-label arsenic-2mg-crtn-label arsenic-1mg-cntr-label arsenic-2mg-cntr-label
- 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied Arsenic trioxide injection is supplied as a sterile, clear, colorless solution in glass, single-dose vials. It is available as follows: 10 mg/10 mL (1 mg/mL): 10 mL Single-Dose Vial (10 mL fill): NDC 72205-171-01 10 Single-Dose Vials in 1 Carton: NDC 72205-171-07 12 mg/6 mL (2 mg/mL): 10 mL Single-Dose Vial (6 mL fill): NDC 72205-172-01 10 Single-Dose Vials in 1 Carton: NDC 72205-172-07 Storage and Handling Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not freeze. Arsenic trioxide injection is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1
- PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL Arsenic Trioxide Injection 10 mg/10 mL Carton Label Arsenic Trioxide Injection 20 mg/20 mL Carton Label Arsenic Trioxide Injection 10 mg/10 mL Container Label Arsenic Trioxide Injection 20 mg/20 mL Container Label arsenic-1mg-crtn-label arsenic-2mg-crtn-label arsenic-1mg-cntr-label arsenic-2mg-cntr-label
Overview
Arsenic trioxide injection is a sterile injectable solution of arsenic trioxide. The molecular formula of arsenic trioxide in the solid state is As 2 O 3 , with a molecular weight of 197.84 g/mol and the following structural formula: Arsenic trioxide is a white to off-white powder. It is practically insoluble to sparingly soluble in water. It dissolves in solutions of alkali hydroxides (NaOH 1 M). It is practically insoluble in ethanol, chloroform and ethyl ether. Arsenic trioxide injection is available in 10 mL single-dose vials containing 10 mg or 12 mg of arsenic trioxide. Arsenic trioxide injection is formulated as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear solution of arsenic trioxide in water for injection using sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust to pH 8. Arsenic trioxide injection is preservative-free. Arsenic trioxide, the active ingredient, is present at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL. Inactive ingredients and their respective approximate concentrations are sodium hydroxide (1.2 mg/mL) for solubilization, and sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment to pH 8. arsenic--structure
Indications & Usage
Arsenic trioxide injection is an arsenical indicated: For induction of remission and consolidation in patients with APL who are refractory to, or have relapsed from, retinoid and anthracycline chemotherapy, and whose APL is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RAR-alpha gene expression. ( 1.2 ) 1.2 Relapsed or Refractory APL Arsenic trioxide injection is indicated for induction of remission and consolidation in patients with APL who are refractory to, or have relapsed from, retinoid and anthracycline chemotherapy, and whose APL is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RAR-alpha gene expression.
Dosage & Administration
Relapsed or refractory APL: Induction: Administer 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenously daily until bone marrow remission. Do not exceed 60 days. ( 2.2 ) Consolidation: Administer 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenously daily for 25 doses over a period up to 5 weeks. ( 2.2 ) 2.2 Recommended Dosage for Relapsed or Refractory APL A treatment course for patients with relapsed or refractory APL consists of 1 induction cycle and 1 consolidation cycle [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. For the induction cycle, the recommended dosage of arsenic trioxide injection is 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenously daily until bone marrow remission or up to a maximum of 60 days. For the consolidation cycle, the recommended dosage of arsenic trioxide injection is 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenously daily for 25 doses over a period of up to 5 weeks. Begin consolidation 3 to 6 weeks after completion of induction cycle. 2.3 Monitoring and Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions During induction, monitor coagulation studies, blood counts, and chemistries at least 2 to 3 times per week through recovery. During consolidation, monitor coagulation studies, blood counts, and chemistries at least weekly. Table 2 shows the dosage modifications for adverse reactions due to arsenic trioxide injection when used alone. Table 2: Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions of Arsenic Trioxide Injection Adverse Reaction Dosage Modification Differentiation syndrome, defined by the presence of 2 or more of the following: Unexplained fever Dyspnea Pleural and/or pericardial effusion Pulmonary infiltrates Renal failure Hypotension Weight gain greater than 5 kg [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Temporarily withhold arsenic trioxide injection. Administer dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously every 12 hours until the resolution of signs and symptoms for a minimum of 3 days. Resume treatment when the clinical condition improves and reduce the dose of the withheld drug(s) by 50%. Increase the dose of the withheld drug(s) to the recommended dosage after one week in the absence of recurrence of symptoms of differentiation syndrome. If symptoms re-appear, decrease arsenic trioxide injection to the previous dose. QTc (Framingham formula) Prolongation greater than 450 msec for men or greater than 460 msec for women [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Withhold arsenic trioxide injection and any medication known to prolong the QTc interval. Correct electrolyte abnormalities. After the QTc normalizes and electrolyte abnormalities are corrected, resume treatment with arsenic trioxide injection at a 50% reduced dose (0.075 mg/kg/day daily) for one week after resolution. If the 50% reduced dose is tolerated for one week (in the absence of QTc prolongation), increase the dose of arsenic trioxide injection to 0.11 mg/kg/day daily for the next week. The dose of arsenic trioxide injection can be increased to 0.15 mg/kg/day in the absence of QTc prolongation during that 14-day dose-escalation period. Hepatotoxicity, defined by 1 or more of the following: Total bilirubin (TB) greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than 5 times the ULN Alkaline phosphatase (AP) greater than 5 times the ULN [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Withhold arsenic trioxide injection. Resume treatment at a 50% reduced dose of the withheld drug(s) when TB is less than 1.5 times the ULN and AP/AST are less than 3 times the ULN. Increase the dose of the withheld drug back to the recommended dosage after one week on the reduced dose in the absence of worsening of hepatotoxicity. Discontinue the withheld drug permanently if hepatotoxicity recurs. Other severe or life-threatening (grade 3 to 4) nonhematologic reactions [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] Temporarily withhold arsenic trioxide injection. When the adverse reaction resolves to no more than mild (grade 1), resume arsenic trioxide injection reduced by 2 dose levels (see Table 3 below). Moderate (grade 2) nonhematologic reactions [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] Reduce the dose of arsenic trioxide injection by 1 dose level (see Table 3 below). Leukocytosis (WBC count greater than 10 Gi/L) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] Administer hydroxyurea. Hydroxyurea may be discontinued when the WBC declines below 10 Gi/L. Myelosuppression, defined by 1 or more of the following: absolute neutrophil count less than 1 Gi/L. Platelets less than 50 Gi/L lasting more than 5 weeks [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] Consider reducing the dose of arsenic trioxide injection by 1 dose level (see Table 3 below). If myelosuppression lasts ≥ 50 days or occurs on 2 consecutive cycles, assess a marrow aspirate for remission status. In the case of molecular remission, resume arsenic trioxide injection at 1 dose level lower (see Table 3 below). Table 3: Dose Reduction Levels for Hematologic and Nonhematologic Toxicities Dose Level Arsenic Trioxide Injection mg/kg intravenously once daily Starting level 0.15 -1 0.11 -2 0.10 -3 0.075 2.4 Preparation and Administration Reconstitution Dilute arsenic trioxide injection with 100 mL to 250 mL 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, using proper aseptic technique, immediately after withdrawal from the vial. Do not save any unused portions for later administration. After dilution, store arsenic trioxide injection for no more than 24 hours at room temperature and 48 hours when refrigerated. Administration Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Administer arsenic trioxide injection as an intravenous infusion over 2 hours. The infusion duration may be extended up to 4 hours if acute vasomotor reactions are observed. A central venous catheter is not required. The arsenic trioxide injection vial is single-dose and does not contain any preservatives. Discard unused portions of each vial properly. Do not mix arsenic trioxide injection with other medications. Safe Handling Procedures Arsenic trioxide injection is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1
Warnings & Precautions
Hepatotoxicity : Monitor hepatic function tests at least twice weekly during induction and at least once weekly during consolidation. Withhold arsenic trioxide for certain elevations in AST, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin and resume at reduced dose upon resolution. ( 2.3 , 5.4 ) Carcinogenesis : Arsenic trioxide is a human carcinogen. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies. ( 5.5 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity : Can cause fetal harm. Advise of potential risk to a fetus and use of effective contraception. ( 5.6 , 8.1 , 8.3 ) 5.1 Differentiation Syndrome Differentiation syndrome, which may be life-threatening or fatal, has been observed in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with arsenic trioxide. In clinical trials, 16% to 23% of patients treated with arsenic trioxide for APL developed differentiation syndrome. Signs and symptoms include unexplained fever, dyspnea, hypoxia, acute respiratory distress, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusion, weight gain, peripheral edema, hypotension, renal insufficiency, hepatopathy and multi-organ dysfunction. Differentiation syndrome has been observed with and without concomitant leukocytosis, and it has occurred as early as day 1 of induction to as late as the second month induction therapy. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, temporarily withhold arsenic trioxide and immediately initiate dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously every 12 hours and hemodynamic monitoring until resolution of signs and symptoms for a minimum of 3 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] . 5.2 Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities Patients treated with arsenic trioxide can develop QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes, and complete atrioventricular block. In the clinical trial of patients with relapsed or refractory APL treated with arsenic trioxide monotherapy, 40% had at least one ECG tracing with a QTc interval greater than 500 msec. A prolonged QTc was observed between 1 and 5 weeks after start of arsenic trioxide infusion, and it usually resolved by 8 weeks after arsenic trioxide infusion. There are no data on the effect of arsenic trioxide on the QTc interval during the infusion of the drug. The risk of torsade de pointes is related to the extent of QTc prolongation, concomitant administration of QTc prolonging drugs, a history of torsade de pointes, pre-existing QTc interval prolongation, congestive heart failure, administration of potassium-wasting diuretics, or other conditions that result in hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia. The risk may be increased when arsenic trioxide is co-administered with medications that can lead to electrolyte abnormalities (such as diuretics or amphotericin B) [see Drug Interactions (7) ] . Prior to initiating therapy with arsenic trioxide, assess the QTc interval by electrocardiogram, correct pre-existing electrolyte abnormalities, and consider discontinuing drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Do not administer arsenic trioxide to patients with a ventricular arrhythmia or prolonged QTc. If possible, discontinue drugs that are known to prolong the QTc interval. If it is not possible to discontinue the interacting drug, perform cardiac monitoring frequently [see Drug Interactions (7) ] . During arsenic trioxide therapy, maintain potassium concentrations above 4 mEq/L and magnesium concentrations above 1.8 mg/dL. Monitor ECG weekly and more frequently for clinically unstable patients. For patients who develop a QTc Framingham greater than 450 msec for men or greater than 460 msec for women, withhold arsenic trioxide and any medication known to prolong the QTc interval. Correct electrolyte abnormalities. When the QTc normalizes and electrolyte abnormalities are corrected, resume arsenic trioxide at a reduced dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] . 5.3 Encephalopathy Serious encephalopathies were reported in patients receiving arsenic trioxide. Monitor patients for neurological symptoms, such as confusion, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, cognitive deficits, ataxia, visual symptoms and ocular motor dysfunction. Advise patients and caregivers of the need for close observation. Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Wernicke’s encephalopathy occurred in patients receiving arsenic trioxide. Wernicke’s encephalopathy is a neurologic emergency that can be prevented and treated with thiamine. Consider testing thiamine levels in patients at risk for thiamine deficiency (e.g., chronic alcohol use, malabsorption, nutritional deficiency, concomitant use of furosemide). Administer parenteral thiamine in patients with or at risk for thiamine deficiency. Monitor patients for neurological symptoms and nutritional status while receiving arsenic trioxide. If Wernicke’s encephalopathy is suspected, immediately interrupt arsenic trioxide and initiate parenteral thiamine. Monitor until symptoms resolve or improve and thiamine levels normalize. 5.4 Hepatotoxicity Long-term liver abnormalities can occur in patients with APL treated with arsenic trioxide. During treatment with arsenic trioxide, monitor hepatic function tests at least twice weekly during induction and at least once weekly during consolidation. Withhold arsenic trioxide if elevations in AST or alkaline phosphatase occur to greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal and/or elevation in serum total bilirubin occurs to greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal and resume at reduced dose upon resolution [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] . 5.5 Carcinogenesis The active ingredient of arsenic trioxide injection, arsenic trioxide, is a human carcinogen. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies. 5.6 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Arsenic trioxide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Arsenic trioxide was embryolethal and teratogenic in rats when administered on gestation day 9 at a dose approximately 10 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis. A related trivalent arsenic, sodium arsenite, produced teratogenicity when administered during gestation in mice at a dose approximately 5 times the projected human dose on a mg/m 2 basis and in hamsters at an intravenous dose approximately equivalent to the projected human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with arsenic trioxide and for 6 months after the last dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with arsenic trioxide and for 3 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3 )] .
Boxed Warning
DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME, CARDIAC CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES AND ENCEPHALOPATHY INCLUDING WERNICKE’S Differentiation Syndrome: Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with arsenic trioxide have experienced differentiation syndrome, which may be life-threatening or fatal. Signs and symptoms may include unexplained fever, dyspnea, hypoxia, acute respiratory distress, pulmonary infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusions, weight gain, peripheral edema, hypotension, renal insufficiency, hepatopathy, and multi-organ dysfunction, in the presence or absence of leukocytosis. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, immediately initiate high-dose corticosteroids and hemodynamic monitoring until resolution. Temporarily withhold arsenic trioxide [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities: Arsenic trioxide can cause QTc interval prolongation, complete atrioventricular block and torsade de pointes, which can be fatal. Before administering arsenic trioxide, assess the QTc interval, correct electrolyte abnormalities, and consider discontinuing drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Do not administer arsenic trioxide to patients with a ventricular arrhythmia or prolonged QTc interval. Withhold arsenic trioxide until resolution and resume at reduced dose for QTc prolongation [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Encephalopathy: Serious encephalopathy, including Wernicke’s, has occurred with arsenic trioxide. Wernicke’s is a neurologic emergency. Consider testing thiamine levels in patients at risk for thiamine deficiency. Administer parenteral thiamine in patients with or at risk for thiamine deficiency. Monitor patients for neurological symptoms and nutritional status while receiving arsenic trioxide. If Wernicke’s encephalopathy is suspected, immediately interrupt arsenic trioxide and initiate parenteral thiamine. Monitor until symptoms resolve or improve and thiamine levels normalize [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . WARNING: DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME, CARDIAC CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES, and ENCEPHALOPATHY INCLUDING WERNICKE’S See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with arsenic trioxide have experienced symptoms of differentiation syndrome, which may be life-threatening or fatal. If differentiation syndrome is suspected, immediately initiate high-dose corticosteroids and hemodynamic monitoring until resolution. Temporarily withhold arsenic trioxide. ( 2.3 , 5.1 ) Arsenic trioxide can cause QTc interval prolongation, complete atrioventricular block and torsade de pointes, which can be fatal. Before administering arsenic trioxide, assess the QTc interval, correct electrolyte abnormalities, and consider discontinuing drugs known to prolong QTc interval. Do not administer arsenic trioxide to patients with ventricular arrhythmia or prolonged QTc interval. Withhold arsenic trioxide until resolution and resume at reduced dose for QTc prolongation. ( 2.3 , 5.2 ) Serious encephalopathy, including Wernicke’s, has occurred with arsenic trioxide. If Wernicke’s encephalopathy is suspected, immediately interrupt arsenic trioxide and initiate parenteral thiamine. Monitor until symptoms resolve or improve and thiamine levels normalize. ( 5.3 )
Contraindications
Arsenic trioxide injection is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to arsenic. Hypersensitivity to arsenic. ( 4 )
Adverse Reactions
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Differentiation Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Encephalopathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Carcinogenesis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] The most common adverse reactions (> 30%) are nausea, cough, fatigue, pyrexia, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, tachycardia, diarrhea, dyspnea, hypokalemia, leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, insomnia, dermatitis, edema, QTc prolongation, rigors, sore throat, arthralgia, paresthesia, and pruritus. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Orbicular Pharmaceutical Technologies Private Limited at 1-888-370-4186 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Relapsed or Refractory APL Safety information was available for 52 patients with relapsed or refractory APL who participated in clinical trials of arsenic trioxide. Forty patients in the Study PLRXAS01 received the recommended dose of 0.15 mg/kg, of whom 28 completed both induction and consolidation cycles. An additional 12 patients with relapsed or refractory APL received doses generally similar to the recommended dose. Serious adverse reactions observed in the 40 patients with refractory or relapsed APL enrolled in Study PLRXAS01 included differentiation syndrome (n=3), hyperleukocytosis (n=3), QTc interval ≥ 500 msec (n=16, 1 with torsade de pointes), atrial dysrhythmias (n=2), and hyperglycemia (n=2). The most common adverse reactions (> 30%) were nausea, cough, fatigue, pyrexia, headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, tachycardia, diarrhea, dyspnea, hypokalemia, leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, insomnia, dermatitis, edema, QTc prolongation, rigors, sore throat, arthralgia, paresthesia, and pruritus. Table 5 describes the adverse reactions in patients aged 5 to 73 years with APL who received arsenic trioxide at the recommended dose. Similar adverse reactions profiles were seen in the other patient populations who received arsenic trioxide. Table 5: Adverse Reactions (≥ 5%) in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory APL Who Received Arsenic Trioxide in Study PLRXAS01 Body System Adverse reaction Any Grade Adverse Reactions Grade ≥3 Adverse Reactions n % n % Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea 30 75 Abdominal pain (lower & upper) 23 58 4 10 Vomiting 23 58 Diarrhea 21 53 Sore throat 14 35 Constipation 11 28 1 3 Anorexia 9 23 Appetite decreased 6 15 Loose stools 4 10 Dyspepsia 4 10 Oral blistering 3 8 Fecal incontinence 3 8 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 3 8 Dry mouth 3 8 Abdominal tenderness 3 8 Diarrhea hemorrhagic 3 8 Abdominal distension 3 8 Respiratory Cough 26 65 Dyspnea 21 53 4 10 Epistaxis 10 25 Hypoxia 9 23 4 10 Pleural effusion 8 20 1 3 Post nasal drip 5 13 Wheezing 5 13 Decreased breath sounds 4 10 Crepitations 4 10 Rales 4 10 Hemoptysis 3 8 Tachypnea 3 8 Rhonchi 3 8 General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue 25 63 2 5 Pyrexia (fever) 25 63 2 5 Edema - non-specific 16 40 Rigors 15 38 Chest pain 10 25 2 5 Injection site pain 8 20 Pain - non-specific 6 15 1 3 Injection site erythema 5 13 Weight gain 5 13 Injection site edema 4 10 Weakness 4 10 2 5 Hemorrhage 3 8 Weight loss 3 8 Drug hypersensitivity 2 5 1 3 Nervous system disorders Headache 24 60 1 3 Insomnia 17 43 1 3 Paresthesia 13 33 2 5 Dizziness (excluding vertigo) 9 23 Tremor 5 13 Convulsion 3 8 2 5 Somnolence 3 8 Coma 2 5 2 5 Cardiac disorders Tachycardia 22 55 ECG QT corrected interval prolonged > 500 msec 16 40 Palpitations 4 10 ECG abnormal other than QT interval prolongation 3 8 Metabolism and nutrition disorders Hypokalemia 20 50 5 13 Hypomagnesemia 18 45 5 13 Hyperglycemia 18 45 5 13 ALT increased 8 20 2 5 Hyperkalemia 7 18 2 5 AST increased 5 13 1 3 Hypocalcemia 4 10 Hypoglycemia 3 8 Acidosis 2 5 Hematologic disorders Leukocytosis 20 50 1 3 Anemia 8 20 2 5 Thrombocytopenia 7 18 5 13 Febrile neutropenia 5 13 3 8 Neutropenia 4 10 4 10 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 3 8 3 8 Lymphadenopathy 3 8 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Dermatitis 17 43 Pruritus 13 33 1 3 Ecchymosis 8 20 Dry skin 6 15 Erythema - non-specific 5 13 Increased sweating 5 13 Facial edema 3 8 Night sweats 3 8 Petechiae 3 8 Hyperpigmentation 3 8 Non-specific skin lesions 3 8 Urticaria 3 8 Local exfoliation 2 5 Eyelid edema 2 5 Musculoskeletal, connective tissue, and bone disorders Arthralgia 13 33 3 8 Myalgia 10 25 2 5 Bone pain 9 23 4 10 Back pain 7 18 1 3 Neck pain 5 13 Pain in limb 5 13 2 5 Psychiatric disorders Anxiety 12 30 Depression 8 20 Agitation 2 5 Confusion 2 5 Vascular disorders Hypotension 10 25 2 5 Flushing 4 10 Hypertension 4 10 Pallor 4 10 Infections and infestations Sinusitis 8 20 Herpes simplex 5 13 Upper respiratory tract infection 5 13 1 3 Bacterial infection - non-specific 3 8 1 3 Herpes zoster 3 8 Nasopharyngitis 2 5 Oral candidiasis 2 5 Sepsis 2 5 2 5 Reproductive system disorders Vaginal hemorrhage 5 13 Intermenstrual bleeding 3 8 Ocular disorders Eye irritation 4 10 Blurred vision 4 10 Dry eye 3 8 Painful red eye 2 5 Renal and urinary disorders Renal failure 3 8 1 3 Renal impairment 3 8 Oliguria 2 5 Incontinence 2 5 Ear disorders Earache 3 8 Tinnitus 2 5 Other Clinically Relevant Adverse Reactions Leukocytosis Arsenic trioxide can induce proliferation of leukemic promyelocytes resulting in a rapid increase in white blood cell count. Leukocytosis greater than 10 Gi/L developed during induction therapy in 50% of patients receiving arsenic trioxide monotherapy for relapsed/refractory APL.In the relapsed/refractory setting, a relationshipdid not exist between baseline WBC counts and development of hyperleukocytosis nor baseline WBC counts and peak WBC counts. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of arsenic trioxide. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cardiac disorders: Ventricular extrasystoles in association with QT prolongation, ventricular tachycardia in association with QT prolongation, including torsade de pointes, atrioventricular block, and congestive heart failure Ear and labyrinth disorders: Deafness Hematologic disorders: Pancytopenia, bone marrow necrosis Infections: Herpes zoster Investigations: Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Bone pain, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified: Melanoma, pancreatic cancer, squamous cell carcinoma Nervous system disorders: Peripheral neuropathy, paresis, seizures, confusion, encephalopathy, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Drug Interactions
Drugs That Can Prolong the QT/QTc Interval Concomitant use of these drugs and arsenic trioxide may increase the risk of serious QT/QTc interval prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Discontinue or replace with an alternative drug that does not prolong the QT/QTc interval while the patient is using arsenic trioxide. Monitor ECGs more frequently in patients when it is not feasible to avoid concomitant use. Drugs That Can Lead to Electrolyte Abnormalities Electrolyte abnormalities increase the risk of serious QT/QTc interval prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Avoid concomitant use of drugs that can lead to electrolyte abnormalities. Monitor electrolytes more frequently in patients who must receive concomitant use of these drugs and arsenic trioxide. Drugs That Can Lead to Hepatotoxicity Use of these drugs and arsenic trioxide may increase the risk of serious hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Discontinue or replace with an alternative drug that does not cause hepatotoxicity while the patient is using arsenic trioxide. Monitor liver function tests more frequently in patients when it is not feasible to avoid concomitant use.
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