PARICALCITOL

Paricalcitol, USP, the active ingredient in paricalcitol capsules, USP is a synthetically manufactured, metabolically active vitamin D analog of calcitriol with modifications to the side chain (D 2 ) and the A (19-nor) ring. Paricalcitol is available as soft gelatin capsules for oral administration containing 1 microgram, 2 micrograms or 4 micrograms of paricalcitol USP. Each capsule contains alcohol (ethanol 96% v/v), butylated hydroxytoluene, gelatin, glycerin, medium chain triglycerides, and titanium dioxide. In addition, 1 mcg capsules contain black iron oxide, 2 mcg capsules contain red iron oxide, and yellow iron oxide, and 4 mcg capsules contain yellow iron oxide. The medium chain triglycerides are fractionated from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. The capsules are imprinted with Opacode WB black which containing black iron oxide, hypromellose, and propylene glycol. Paricalcitol USP is a white to almost white powder with the molecular formula of C 27 H 44 O 3 , which corresponds to a molecular weight of 416.64. Paricalcitol is chemically designated as 19-nor-1α,3β,25-trihydroxy-9,10-secoergosta-5(Z),7(E),22(E)-triene and has the following structural formula: Chemical Structure

Paricalcitol is a vitamin D analog indicated in adults and pediatric patients 10 years and older for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stages 3 and 4 (1.1) . CKD Stage 5 in patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis (1.2) . 1.1 Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4 Paricalcitol capsules are indicated in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stages 3 and 4. 1.2 Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 Paricalcitol capsules are indicated in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with CKD Stage 5 in patients on hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Initial Dosage: CKD Stages 3 and 4 ( 2.1 , 2.3 ) Adult: Baseline iPTH ≤ 500 pg/mL 1 mcg orally daily or 2 mcg three times a week* Adult: Baseline iPTH > 500 pg/mL 2 mcg orally daily or 4 mcg three times a week* Pediatric: Ages 10 to 16 years 1 mcg orally three times a week* Dose Titration: CKD Stages 3 and 4 ( 2.1 , 2.3 ) Adult: iPTH same, increased or decreased by < 30% relative to baseline Increase dose by 1 mcg daily or 2 mcg three times a week* Adult: iPTH decreased by ≥ 30% and ≤ 60% relative to baseline Maintain dose Adult: iPTH decreased by > 60% or iPTH < 60 pg/mL relative to baseline Decrease dose by 1 mcg daily or 2 mcg three times a week* Pediatric: Ages 10 to 16 years Increase each dose by 1 mcg three times a week every 4 weeks or decrease each dose by 1 mcg three times a week at any time based on iPTH, serum calcium and phosphorus levels.* * Not more frequently than every other day when dosing three times a week. Initial Dosage: CKD Stage 5 ( 2.2 , 2.3 ) Adult Dose (micrograms) = baseline iPTH (pg/mL) divided by 80. Administer dose orally three times a week.* Pediatric: Ages 10 to 16 years Dose (micrograms) = baseline iPTH (pg/mL) divided by 120. Administer dose orally three times a week.* Dose Titration: CKD Stage 5 ( 2.2 , 2.3 ) Adult Dose in micrograms is based on most recent iPTH (pg/mL) divided by 80 with adjustments based on serum calcium and phosphorous levels. Dose three times a week.* Pediatric: Ages 10 to 16 years Increase each dose by 1 mcg three times a week every 4 weeks or decrease each dose by 2 mcg three times a week at any time based on iPTH, serum calcium and phosphorus levels.* * Not more frequently than every other day. CKD Stage 5: To avoid hypercalcemia only treat patients after their baseline serum calcium has been reduced to 9.5 mg/dL or lower ( 2.2 ). 2.1 Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4 in Adults Administer paricalcitol capsules orally once daily or three times a week [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. When dosing three times weekly, do not administer more frequently than every other day. Initial Dose Table 1. Recommended Paricalcitol Capsules Starting Dose Based upon Baseline iPTH Level * To be administered not more often than every other day Baseline iPTH Level Daily Dose Three Times a Week Dose* Less than or equal to 500 pg/mL 1 mcg 2 mcg More than 500 pg/mL 2 mcg 4 mcg Dose Titration Table 2. Recommended Paricalcitol Capsules Dose Titration Base upon iPTH Level * To be administered not more often than every other day Dose Adjustment at 2 to 4 Week Intervals iPTH Level Relative to Baseline Paricalcitol Capsule Dose Daily Dosage Three Times a Week Dosage* The same, increased or decreased by less than 30% Increase dose by 1 mcg 2 mcg Decreased by more than or equal to 30% and less than or equal to 60% Maintain dose - - Decreased by more than 60% or iPTH less than 60 pg/mL Decrease dose by 1 mcg 2 mcg If a patient is taking the lowest dose, 1 mcg, on the daily regimen and a dose reduction is needed, the dose can be decreased to 1 mcg three times a week. If a further dose reduction is required, the drug should be withheld as needed and restarted at a lower dosing frequency. 2.2 Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 in Adults Initial Dose Administer the dose of paricalcitol capsules orally three times a week, no more frequently than every other day based upon the following formula: Dose (micrograms) = baseline iPTH (pg/mL) divided by 80 Treat patients only after their baseline serum calcium has been adjusted to 9.5 mg/dL or lower to minimize the risk of hypercalcemia [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) and Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . Dose Titration Individualize the dose of paricalcitol capsules based on iPTH, serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Titrate paricalcitol capsules dose based on the following formula: Dose (micrograms) = most recent iPTH level (pg/mL) divided by 80 If serum calcium is elevated, the dose should be decreased by 2 to 4 micrograms. As iPTH approaches the target range, small, individualized dose adjustments may be necessary in order to achieve a stable iPTH. In situations where monitoring of iPTH, Ca or P occurs less frequently than once per week, a more modest initial and dose titration ratio (e.g., iPTH divided by 100) may be warranted. 2.3 Pediatric Patients (Ages 10 to 16 Years) CKD Stages 3 and 4 Initial Dose Administer paricalcitol 1 mcg capsule orally three times a week, no more frequently than every other day. Dose Titration Individualize and titrate paricalcitol capsules dose based on iPTH, serum calcium and phosphorus levels to maintain an iPTH level within target range. Every 4 weeks, each administered paricalcitol capsules dose may be increased in 1 mcg increments, maintaining the three times per week regimen (e.g., increase from 1 mcg three times per week to 2 mcg three times per week). At any time, each administered dose may be decreased by 1 mcg. Paricalcitol capsules may be stopped if the patient requires reduction while receiving 1 mcg three times per week, resuming when appropriate. CKD Stage 5 Initial Dose Administer the dose of paricalcitol capsules orally three times a week, no more frequently than every other day based upon the following formula: Dose* (micrograms) = baseline iPTH (pg/mL) divided by 120 * Round down to the nearest whole number Dose Titration Subsequent dosing should be individualized and based on iPTH, serum calcium and phosphorus levels to maintain an iPTH level within target range. Every 4 weeks, each administered paricalcitol capsules dose may be increased in 1 mcg increments, maintaining the three times per week regimen (e.g., increase from 1 mcg three times per week to 2 mcg three times per week). At any time, each administered dose may be decreased by 2 mcg. Paricalcitol capsules may be stopped if the patient requires reduction while receiving 2 mcg three times per week or 1 mcg three times per week, resuming when appropriate. 2.4 Monitoring Monitor serum calcium and phosphorus levels closely after initiation of paricalcitol capsules, during dose titration periods and during co-administration with strong CYP3A inhibitors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) , Drug Interactions (7) , and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . If hypercalcemia is observed, the dose of paricalcitol capsules should be reduced or withheld until these parameters are normalized. 2.5 Administration Paricalcitol capsules may be taken without regard to food.

Paricalcitol capsules should not be given to patients with evidence of hypercalcemia or vitamin D toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Evidence of hypercalcemia (4). Evidence of vitamin D toxicity (4).

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The most common adverse reactions (> 5% and more frequent than placebo) include diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, dizziness, vomiting, hypertension, hypersensitivity, nausea, and edema (6). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc. at 1-800-850-2876 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience CKD Stages 3 and 4 Adults The safety of paricalcitol capsules has been evaluated in three 24-week (approximately six-month), double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical studies involving 220 CKD Stages 3 and 4 patients. Six percent (6%) of paricalcitol capsules treated patients and 4% of placebo treated patients discontinued from clinical studies due to an adverse event. Adverse events occurring in the paricalcitol capsules group at a frequency of 2% or greater and more frequently than in the placebo group are presented in Table 3: Table 3. Adverse Reactions by Body System Occurring in ≥ 2% of Subjects in the Paricalcitol­-Treated Group of Three, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled CKD Stages 3 and 4 Studies Number (%) of Subjects Adverse Event a Paricalcitol Capsules (n = 107) Placebo (n = 113) Overall 88 (82%) 86 (76%) Ear and Labyrinth Disorders Vertigo 5 (5%) 0 (0%) Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal Discomfort 4 (4%) 1 (1%) Constipation 4 (4%) 4 (4%) Diarrhea 7 (7%) 5 (4%) Nausea 6 (6%) 4 (4%) Vomiting 5 (5%) 5 (4%) General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Chest Pain 3 (3%) 1 (1%) Edema 6 (6%) 5 (4%) Pain 4 (4%) 4 (4%) Immune System Disorders Hypersensitivity 6 (6%) 2 (2%) Infections and Infestations Fungal Infection 3 (3%) 0 (0%) Gastroenteritis 3 (3%) 3 (3%) Infection 3 (3%) 3 (3%) Sinusitis 3 (3%) 1 (1%) Urinary Tract Infection 3 (3%) 1 (1%) Viral Infection 8 (7%) 8 (7%) Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Dehydration 3 (3%) 1 (1%) Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders Arthritis 5 (5%) 0 (0%) Back Pain 3 (3%) 1 (1%) Muscle Spasms 3 (3%) 0 (0%) Nervous System Disorders Dizziness 5 (5%) 5 (4%) Headache 5 (5%) 5 (4%) Syncope 3 (3%) 1 (1%) Psychiatric Disorders Depression 3 (3%) 0 (0%) Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Cough 3 (3%) 2 (2%) Oropharyngeal Pain 4 (4%) 0 (0%) Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Pruritus 3 (3%) 3 (3%) Rash 4 (4%) 1 (1%) Skin Ulcer 3 (3%) 0 (0%) Vascular Disorders Hypertension 7 (7%) 4 (4%) Hypotension 5 (5%) 3 (3%) a. Includes only events more common in the paricalcitol treatment group. Additional Adverse Reactions The following additional adverse reactions occurred in <2% of the paricalcitol-treated patients in the above double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Gastrointestinal Disorders: Dry mouth Investigations: Hepatic enzyme abnormal Nervous System Disorders: Dysgeusia Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Urticaria Pediatric patients 10 to 16 years of age The safety of paricalcitol capsules has been evaluated in one multicenter clinical study involving CKD Stages 3 and 4 patients ages 10 to 16 years. A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled phase was followed by an open-label phase during which all patients received paricalcitol capsules. During the 12-week blinded phase, a total of 18 patients received paricalcitol capsules and 18 patients received placebo. Adverse events occurring more frequently in the paricalcitol capsules group than in the placebo group are presented in Table 4. Table 4. Adverse Reactions by Body System Occurring in the Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, CKD Stages 3 and 4 Study in Patients Ages 10 to 16 Years Number (%) of Subjects Adverse Event a Paricalcitol Capsules (n = 18) Placebo (n = 18) Overall 7 (39%) 16 (89%) Gastrointestinal Disorders Nausea 1 (6%) 0 (0%) Infections and Infestations Conjunctivitis 1 (6%) 0 (0%) Rhinitis 3 (17%) 0 (0%) Renal and Urinary Disorders Micturition Urgency 1 (6%) 0 (0%) Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders Asthma 1 (6%) 0 (0%) a. Includes only events more common in the paricalcitol treatment group. Additional Adverse Reactions The following adverse reactions have occurred in paricalcitol capsules-treated patients: Gastrointestinal Disorders: Abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia Nervous System Disorders: Headache CKD Stage 5 Adults The safety of paricalcitol capsules has been evaluated in one 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical study involving 88 CKD Stage 5 patients. Sixty-one patients received paricalcitol capsules and 27 patients received placebo. The proportion of patients who terminated prematurely from the study due to adverse events was 7% for paricalcitol capsules treated patients and 7% for placebo patients. Adverse events occurring in the paricalcitol capsules group at a frequency of 2% or greater and more frequently than in the placebo group are as follows: Table 5. Adverse Reactions by Body System Occurring in ≥ 2% of Subjects in the Paricalcitol-Treated Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled CKD Stage 5 Study Number (%) of Subjects Adverse Events a Paricalcitol Capsules (n=61) Placebo (n = 27) Overall 43 (70%) 19 (70%) Gastrointestinal Disorders Constipation 3 (5%) 0 (0%) Diarrhea 7 (11%) 3 (11%) Vomiting 4 (7%) 0 (0%) General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Fatigue 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Edema Peripheral 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Infections and Infestations Nasopharyngitis 5 (8%) 2 (7%) Peritonitis 3 (5%) 0 (0%) Sinusitis 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Urinary Tract Infection 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders Fluid Overload 3 (5%) 0 (0%) Hypoglycemia 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Nervous System Disorders Dizziness 4 (7%) 0 (0%) Headache 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Psychiatric Disorders Anxiety 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Insomnia 3 (5%) 0 (0%) Renal and Urinary Disorders Renal Failure Chronic 2 (3%) 0 (0%) a. Includes only events more common in the paricalcitol treatment group. Additional Adverse Reactions The following adverse reactions occurred in <2% of the paricalcitol-treated patients in the above double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Gastrointestinal Disorders: Gastroesophageal reflux disease Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Decreased appetite, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: Breast tenderness Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Acne Pediatric patients 10 to 16 years of age The safety of paricalcitol capsules has been evaluated in one 12-week, open-label, single-arm, multicenter clinical studies involving 13 CKD Stage 5 patients ages 10 to 16 years of age receiving peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. The following adverse reactions were reported: Gastrointestinal Disorders: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia Three of 13 patients (23%) had hypercalcemia defined as at least 2 consecutive serum calcium values >10.2 mg/dL (2.55 mmol/L). 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of paricalcitol capsules. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Immune System Disorders : Angioedema (including laryngeal edema) Investigations: Blood creatinine increased

Table 6 shows the clinically significant drug interactions with paricalcitol capsules. Table 6: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Paricalcitol CYP3A Inhibitors Clinical Impact Paricalcitol is partially metabolized by CYP3A. Hence, exposure of paricalcitol will increase upon coadministration with strong CYP3A inhibitors such as but not limited to: boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptan, grapefruit juice, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, mibefradil, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, telithromycin, voriconazole. Intervention Dose adjustment of paricalcitol capsules may be necessary. Monitor closely for iPTH and serum calcium concentrations, if a patient initiates or discontinues therapy with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Cholestyramine Clinical Impact Drugs that impair intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, such as cholestyramine, may interfere with the absorption of paricalcitol. Intervention Recommend to take paricalcitol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking cholestyramine (or at as great an interval as possible) to avoid impeding absorption of paricalcitol. Mineral Oil Clinical Impact Mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat may influence the absorption of paricalcitol. Intervention Recommend to take paricalcitol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking mineral oil (or at as great an interval as possible) to avoid affecting absorption of paricalcitol. Strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) will increase the exposure of paricalcitol. Use with caution (7) . Cholestyramine, Mineral Oil: Intestinal absorption of paricalcitol may be reduced if administered simultaneously with cholestyramine or mineral oil. Take paricalcitol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking cholestyramine or mineral oil (7).