These Highlights Do Not Include All The Information Needed To Use Pemetrexed For Injection S

Non-Squamous NSCLC

First-line Treatment of Metastatic Non-squamous NSCLC with Pembrolizumab and Platinum Chemotherapy

The safety of pemetrexed, in combination with pembrolizumab and investigator’s choice of platinum (either carboplatin or cisplatin), was investigated in Study KEYNOTE-189, a multicenter, double-blind, randomized (2:1), active-controlled trial in patients with previously untreated, metastatic non-squamous NSCLC with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. A total of 607 patients received pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by pemetrexed and pembrolizumab (n=405), or placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by placebo and pemetrexed (n=202). Patients with autoimmune disease that required systemic therapy within 2 years of treatment; a medical condition that required immunosuppression; or who had received more than 30 Gy of thoracic radiation within the prior 26 weeks were ineligible [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

The median duration of exposure to pemetrexed was 7.2 months (range: 1 day to 1.7 years). Seventy-two percent of patients received carboplatin. The study population characteristics were: median age of 64 years (range: 34 to 84), 49% age 65 years or older, 59% male, 94% White and 3% Asian, and 18% with history of brain metastases at baseline.

Pemetrexed was discontinued for adverse reactions in 23% of patients in the pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum arm. The most common adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of pemetrexed in this arm were acute kidney injury (3%) and pneumonitis (2%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of pemetrexed occurred in 49% of patients in the pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum arm. The most common adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities leading to interruption of pemetrexed in this arm (≥2%) were neutropenia (12%), anemia (7%), asthenia (4%), pneumonia (4%), thrombocytopenia (4%), increased blood creatinine (3%), diarrhea (3%), and fatigue (3%).

Table 2 summarizes the adverse reactions that occurred in ≥20% of patients treated with pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥20% of Patients in KEYNOTE-189

^a Graded per NCI CTCAE version 4.03.

^b Includes asthenia and fatigue.

^c Includes genital rash, rash, rash generalized, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, rash papular, rash pruritic, and rash pustular.

Table 3 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities that worsened from baseline in at least 20% of patients treated with pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum.

Table 3: Laboratory Abnormalities Worsened from Baseline in ≥20% of Patients in KEYNOTE-189

^a Each test incidence is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one on-study laboratory measurement available: pemetrexed/pembrolizumab/platinum chemotherapy (range: 381 to 401 patients) and placebo/pemetrexed/platinum chemotherapy (range: 184 to 197 patients).

^b Graded per NCI CTCAE version 4.03.

Initial Treatment in Combination with Cisplatin

The safety of pemetrexed was evaluated in Study JMDB, a randomized (1:1), open-label, multicenter trial conducted in chemotherapy-naive patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Patients received either pemetrexed 500 mg/m² intravenously and cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle (n=839) or gemcitabine 1250 mg/m² intravenously on Days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle (n=830). All patients were fully supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂.  

Study JMDB excluded patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS of 2 or greater), uncontrolled third-space fluid retention, inadequate bone marrow reserve and organ function, or a calculated creatinine clearance less than 45 mL/min. Patients unable to stop using aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or unable to take folic acid, vitamin B₁₂ or corticosteroids were also excluded from the study.  

The data described below reflect exposure to pemetrexed plus cisplatin in 839 patients in Study JMDB. Median age was 61 years (range 26-83 years); 70% of patients were men; 78% were White, 16% were Asian, 2.9% were Hispanic or Latino, 2.1% were Black or African American, and <1% were other ethnicities; 36% had an ECOG PS 0. Patients received a median of 5 cycles of pemetrexed. 

Table 4 provides the frequency and severity of adverse reactions that occurred in ≥5% of 839 patients receiving pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin in Study JMDB. Study JMDB was not designed to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in adverse reaction rates for pemetrexed, as compared to the control arm, for any specified adverse reaction listed in Table 4.

^a NCI CTCAE version 2.

The following additional adverse reactions of pemetrexed were observed.

        Incidence 1% to <5%

• Body as a Whole — febrile neutropenia, infection, pyrexia
•  
  General Disorders — dehydration
•  
  Metabolism and Nutrition — increased AST, increased ALT
•  
  Renal — renal failure
•  
  Eye Disorder — conjunctivitis

        Incidence <1%

• Cardiovascular — arrhythmia
•  
  General Disorders — chest pain
•  
  Metabolism and Nutrition — increased GGT
•  
  Neurology — motor neuropathy

PATIENT INFORMATION

PEMETREXED FOR INJECTION , USP

(pem" e trex' ed)

(for Intravenous Use)

What is pemetrexed for injection?

Pemetrexed for injection is a prescription medicine used to treat:

• a kind of lung cancer called non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).  Pemetrexed for injection is used:
  • as the first treatment in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy when your lung cancer with no abnormal EGFR or ALK gene has spread (advanced NSCLC).
  • as the first treatment in combination with cisplatin when your lung cancer has spread (advanced NSCLC).
  • alone as maintenance treatment after you have received 4 cycles of chemotherapy that contains platinum for first treatment of your advanced NSCLC and your cancer has not progressed.
  • alone when your lung cancer has returned or spread after prior chemotherapy.

    Pemetrexed for injection is not for use for the treatment of people with squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer.

• a kind of cancer called malignant pleural mesothelioma. This cancer affects the lining of the lungs and chest wall. Pemetrexed for injection is used in combination with cisplatin as the first treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma that cannot be removed by surgery or you are not able to have surgery.

Pemetrexed for injection has not been shown to be  safe and effective in children.

Do not take pemetrexed for injection: if you have had a severe allergic reaction to any medicine that contains pemetrexed.

Before taking pemetrexed for injection, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

• have kidney problems.
• have had radiation therapy.
• are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Pemetrexed for injection can harm your unborn baby.

  Females who are able to become pregnant:  Your healthcare provider will check to see if you are pregnant before you start treatment with pemetrexed for injection. You should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 6 months after the last dose. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you are pregnant during treatment with pemetrexed for injection. Males with female partners who are able to become pregnant should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 3 months after the last dose.

• are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if pemetrexed passes into breast milk. Do not breastfeed during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 1 week after the final dose.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Tell your healthcare provider if you have kidney problems and take a medicine that contains ibuprofen. You should avoid taking ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days after receiving treatment with pemetrexed for injection.

How is pemetrexed for injection given?

• It is very important to take folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ during your treatment with pemetrexed for injection to lower your risk of harmful side effects.

   • Take folic acid exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider 1 time a day, beginning 7 days (1 week) before your first dose of pemetrexed for injection and continue taking folic acid  until 21 days (3 weeks) after your last dose of pemetrexed for injection.

  • Your healthcare provider will give you vitamin B₁₂ injections during treatment with pemetrexed for injection. You will get your first vitamin B₁₂ injection 7 days (1 week) before your first  dose of pemetrexed for injection, and then every 3 cycles.

• Your healthcare provider will prescribe a medicine called corticosteroid for you to take 2 times a day for 3 days, beginning the day before each treatment with pemetrexed for injection.

• Pemetrexed for injection is given to you by intravenous (IV) infusion into your vein. The infusion is given over 10 minutes.

• Pemetrexed for injection is usually given once every 21 days (3 weeks).

What are the possible side effects of pemetrexed for injection?

Pemetrexed for injection can cause serious side effects, including:

• Low blood cell counts. Low blood cell counts can be severe, including low white blood cell counts (neutropenia), low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), and low red blood cell counts (anemia). Your healthcare provider will do blood tests to check your blood cell counts regularly during your treatment with pemetrexed for injection. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any signs of infection, fever, bleeding, or severe tiredness during your treatment with pemetrexed for injection.
• Kidney problems, including kidney failure. Pemetrexed for injection can cause severe kidney problems that can lead to death. Severe vomiting or diarrhea can lead to loss of fluids (dehydration) which may cause kidney problems to become worse. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have a decrease in amount of urine.
• Severe skin reactions. Severe skin reactions that may lead to death can happen with pemetrexed for injection. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you develop blisters, skin  sores, skin peeling, or painful sores, or ulcers in your mouth, nose, throat or genital area.
• Lung problems (pneumonitis). Pemetrexed for injection can cause serious lung problems that can lead to death. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you get any new or  worsening symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, or fever.
• Radiation recall. Radiation recall is a skin reaction that can happen in people who have received radiation treatment in the past and are treated with pemetrexed for injection. Tell your healthcare provider if you get swelling, blistering, or a rash that looks like a sunburn in an area that was previously treated with radiation.

The most common side effects of pemetrexed for injection when given alone are:

The most common side effects of pemetrexed for injection when given with cisplatin are:

• vomiting                                                                   • low white blood cell counts (neutropenia)

• swelling or sores in your mouth or sore throat             • low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)

• constipation                                                             • low red blood cell counts (anemia)

The most common side effects of pemetrexed for injection when given with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy are:

Pemetrexed for injection may cause fertility problems in males. This may affect your ability to father a child. It is not known if these effects are reversible. Talk to your healthcare provider if this is a concern for you.

Your healthcare provider will do blood tests to check for side effects during treatment with pemetrexed for injection. Your healthcare provider may change your dose of pemetrexed for injection, delay treatment, or stop treatment if you have certain side effects.

Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the side effects of pemetrexed for injection. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

General information about the safe and effective use of pemetrexed for injection.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet.

You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about pemetrexed for injection that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in pemetrexed for injection?

Active ingredient: pemetrexed

Inactive ingredients: mannitol, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added to adjust pH.

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP

750 mg/vial

This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Revised: 03/2024

No drugs are approved for the treatment of pemetrexed overdose. Based on animal studies, administration of leucovorin may mitigate the toxicities of pemetrexed overdosage. It is not known whether pemetrexed is dialyzable.

• “OSHA Hazardous Drugs.” OSHA. [https://www.osha.gov/hazardous-drugs]

Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, pemetrexed can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data on pemetrexed use in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, intravenous administration of pemetrexed to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic, resulting in developmental delays and malformations at doses lower than the recommended human dose of 500 mg/m²  [see Data]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus [see Use in Special Populations (8.3)].  

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.  

Data

Animal Data

Pemetrexed was teratogenic in mice. Daily dosing of pemetrexed by intravenous injection to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis increased the incidence of fetal malformations (cleft palate; protruding tongue; enlarged or misshaped kidney; and fused lumbar vertebra) at doses (based on BSA) 0.03 times the human dose of 500 mg/m². At doses, based on BSA, greater than or equal to 0.0012 times the 500 mg/m² human dose, pemetrexed administration resulted in dose-dependent increases in developmental delays (incomplete ossification of talus and skull bone; and decreased fetal weight).

Risk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of pemetrexed or its metabolites in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from pemetrexed, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with pemetrexed and for one week after the last dose.

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor. The drug substance, pemetrexed disodium 2.5 hydrate has the chemical name L-Glutamic acid, N-[4-[2-(2-Amino-4,7-Dihydro-4-oxo-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidin-5-yl)Ethyl] Benzoyl]-L-Glutamic acid disodium 2.5 hydrate. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C₂₀H₁₉N₅ Na₂O₆.2.5H₂O and a molecular weight of 516.45 g/mol. The structural formula is as follows:

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is supplied as a sterile lyophilized powder for intravenous infusion available in single-dose vials. The product is a white to either light yellow or green-yellow lyophilized powder or cake. Each 750 mg vial of pemetrexed for injection, USP contains pemetrexed disodium equivalent to 750 mg pemetrexed and 750 mg of mannitol. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added to adjust pH.

Pemetrexed for Injection is indicated, in combination with cisplatin, for the initial treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery.

The efficacy of pemetrexed was evaluated in Study JMCH (NCT00005636), a multicenter, randomized (1:1), single-blind study conducted in patients with MPM who had received no prior chemotherapy. Patients were randomized (n=456) to receive pemetrexed 500 mg/m² intravenously over 10 minutes followed 30 minutes later by cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously over two hours on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle or to receive cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously over 2 hours on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle; treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The study was modified after randomization and treatment of 117 patients to require that all patients receive folic acid 350 mcg to 1000 mcg daily beginning 1 to 3 weeks prior to the first dose of pemetrexed and continuing until 1 to 3 weeks after the last dose, vitamin B₁₂ 1000 mcg intramuscularly 1 to 3 weeks prior to first dose of pemetrexed and every 9 weeks thereafter, and dexamethasone 4 mg orally, twice daily, for 3 days starting the day prior to each pemetrexed dose. Randomization was stratified by multiple baseline variables including KPS, histologic subtype (epithelial, mixed, sarcomatoid, other), and gender. The major efficacy outcome measure was overall survival and additional efficacy outcome measures were time to disease progression, overall response rate, and response duration.  

A total of 448 patients received at least one dose of protocol-specified therapy; 226 patients were randomized to and received at least one dose of pemetrexed plus cisplatin, and 222 patients were randomized to and received cisplatin. Among the 226 patients who received cisplatin with pemetrexed, 74% received full supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ during study therapy, 14% were never supplemented, and 12% were partially supplemented. Across the study population, the median age was 61 years (range: 20 to 86 years); 81% were male; 92% were White, 5% were Hispanic or Latino, 3.1% were Asian, and <1% were other ethnicities; and 54% had a baseline KPS score of 90-100% and 46% had a KPS score of 70 to 80%. With regard to tumor characteristics, 46% had Stage IV disease, 31% Stage III, 15% Stage II, and 7% Stage I disease at baseline; the histologic subtype of mesothelioma was epithelial in 68% of patients, mixed in 16%, sarcomatoid in 10% and other histologic subtypes in 6%. The baseline demographics and tumor characteristics of the subgroup of fully supplemented patients was similar to the overall study population. 

The efficacy results from Study JMCH are summarized in Table 18 and Figure 9.

^a Hazard ratios are not adjusted for stratification variables.

^b Not a pre-specified analysis.

Figure 9: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Study JMCH

Based upon prospectively defined criteria (modified Southwest Oncology Group methodology) the objective tumor response rate for pemetrexed plus cisplatin was greater than the objective tumor response rate for cisplatin alone. There was also improvement in lung function (forced vital capacity) in the pemetrexed plus cisplatin arm compared to the control arm.

Pemetrexed can cause severe, and sometimes fatal, renal toxicity. The incidences of renal failure in clinical studies in which patients received pemetrexed with cisplatin were: 2.1% in Study JMDB and 2.2% in Study JMCH. The incidence of renal failure in clinical studies in which patients received pemetrexed as a single agent ranged from 0.4% to 0.6% (Studies JMEN, PARAMOUNT, and JMEI [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Determine creatinine clearance before each dose and periodically monitor renal function during treatment with pemetrexed. Withhold pemetrexed in patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 45 mL/minute [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

The safety and effectiveness of pemetrexed in pediatric patients have not been established.

The safety and pharmacokinetics of pemetrexed were evaluated in two clinical studies conducted in pediatric patients with recurrent solid tumors (NCT00070473 N=32 and NCT00520936 N=72). Patients in both studies received concomitant vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid supplementation and dexamethasone.

No tumor responses were observed. Adverse reactions observed in pediatric patients were similar to those observed in adults.

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of pemetrexed were evaluated in 22 patients age 4 to 18 years enrolled in NCT00070473 were within range of values in adults.

Of the 3,946 patients enrolled in clinical studies of pemetrexed, 34% were 65 and over and 4% were 75 and over. No overall differences in effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients. The incidences of Grade 3-4 anemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, and neutropenia were higher in patients 65 years of age and older as compared to younger patients: in at least one of five randomized clinical trials. [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2)]. 

Pemetrexed for Injection is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to pemetrexed [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

• Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Renal failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
• Bullous and exfoliative skin toxicity [see Warning and Precautions (5.3)]
• Interstitial pneumonitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Radiation recall [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]

Effects of Ibuprofen on Pemetrexed

Ibuprofen increases exposure (AUC) of pemetrexed [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. In patients with creatinine clearance between 45 mL/min and 79 mL/min:

• Avoid administration of ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].
• Monitor patients more frequently for myelosuppression, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicity, if concomitant administration of ibuprofen cannot be avoided.

• Pemetrexed for injection dosing recommendations are provided for patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2)]. There is no recommended dose for patients whose creatinine clearance is less than 45 mL/min [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

Radiation recall can occur with pemetrexed in patients who have received radiation weeks to years previously. Monitor patients for inflammation or blistering in areas of previous radiation treatment. Permanently discontinue pemetrexed for signs of radiation recall.

Pemetrexed inhibited the in vitro growth of mesothelioma cell lines (MSTO-211H, NCI-H2052) and showed synergistic effects when combined with cisplatin.  

Based on population pharmacodynamic analyses, the depth of the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) nadir correlates with the systemic exposure to pemetrexed and supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂. There is no cumulative effect of pemetrexed exposure on ANC nadir over multiple treatment cycles.

Pemetrexed for injection is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated:

• in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, for the initial treatment of patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. (1.1)
• in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC. (1.1)
• as a single agent for the maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. (1.1)
• as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic non-squamous, NSCLC after prior chemotherapy. (1.1)

Limitations of Use: Pemetrexed for injection is not indicated for the treatment of patients with squamous cell, non-small cell lung cancer. (1.1)

• initial treatment, in combination with cisplatin, of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery. (1.2)

Initial Treatment in Combination with Pembrolizumab and Platinum

The efficacy of pemetrexed in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy was investigated in Study KEYNOTE-189 (NCT02578680), a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled trial conducted in patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC, regardless of PD-L1 tumor expression status, who had not previously received systemic therapy for metastatic disease and in whom there were no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. Patients with autoimmune disease that required systemic therapy within 2 years of treatment; a medical condition that required immunosuppression; or who had received more than 30 Gy of thoracic radiation within the prior 26 weeks were ineligible. Randomization was stratified by smoking status (never versus former/current), choice of platinum (cisplatin versus carboplatin), and tumor PD-L1 status (TPS <1% [negative] versus TPS ≥1%). Patients were randomized (2:1) to one of the following treatment arms:

• Pemetrexed 500 mg/m², pembrolizumab 200 mg, and investigator’s choice of cisplatin 75 mg/m² or carboplatin AUC 5 mg/mL/min intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles followed by pemetrexed 500 mg/m² and pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks. Pemetrexed was administered after pembrolizumab and prior to platinum chemotherapy on Day 1.
• Placebo, pemetrexed 500 mg/m², and investigator’s choice of cisplatin 75 mg/m² or carboplatin AUC 5 mg/mL/min intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles followed by placebo and pemetrexed 500 mg/m² intravenously every 3 weeks.

Treatment with pemetrexed continued until RECIST v1.1 (modified to follow a maximum of 10 target lesions and a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ)-defined progression of disease as determined by the investigator or unacceptable toxicity. Patients randomized to placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum chemotherapy were offered pembrolizumab as a single agent at the time of disease progression.

Assessment of tumor status was performed at Week 6, Week 12, and then every 9 weeks thereafter. The main efficacy outcome measures were OS and PFS as assessed by BICR RECIST v1.1, modified to follow a maximum of 10 target lesions and a maximum of five target lesions per organ. Additional efficacy outcome measures were ORR and duration of response, as assessed by the BICR according to RECIST v1.1, modified to follow a maximum of 10 target lesions and a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ.

A total of 616 patients were randomized: 410 patients to the pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum chemotherapy arm and 206 to the placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum chemotherapy arm. The study population characteristics were: median age of 64 years (range: 34 to 84); 49% age 65 or older; 59% male; 94% White and 3% Asian; 56% ECOG performance status of 1; and 18% with history of brain metastases. Thirty-one percent had tumor PD-L1 expression TPS <1%. Seventy-two percent received carboplatin and 12% were never smokers. A total of 85 patients in the placebo, pemetrexed, and chemotherapy arm received an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody at the time of disease progression.

The trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in OS and PFS for patients randomized to pemetrexed in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy compared with placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum chemotherapy (see Table 10 and Figure 1).

Table 10: Efficacy Results of KEYNOTE-189

^a Based on the stratified Cox proportional hazard model.

^b Based on stratified log-rank test.

^c Response: Best objective response as confirmed complete response or partial response.

^d Based on Miettinen and Nurminen method stratified by PD-L1 status, platinum chemotherapy and smoking status. NR = not reached

At the protocol specified final OS analysis, the median in the pemetrexed in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy arm was 22 months (95% CI: 19.5, 24.5) compared to 10.6 months (95% CI: 8.7, 13.6) in the placebo with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy arm, with an HR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.69).

P+P+C = pemetrexed + pembrolizumab + platinum chemotherapy.

P+C = pemetrexed + platinum chemotherapy + placebo.

Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curve for Overall Survival in KEYNOTE-189

*Based on the protocol-specified final OS analysis

Initial Treatment in Combination with Cisplatin

The efficacy of pemetrexed was evaluated in Study JMDB (NCT00087711), a multi-center, randomized (1:1), open-label study conducted in 1725 chemotherapy-naive patients with Stage IIIb/IV NSCLC. Patients were randomized to receive pemetrexed with cisplatin or gemcitabine with cisplatin. Randomization was stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS 0 versus 1), gender, disease stage, basis for pathological diagnosis (histopathological/cytopathological), history of brain metastases, and investigative center. Pemetrexed was administered intravenously over 10 minutes at a dose of 500 mg/m² on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Cisplatin was administered intravenously at a dose of 75 mg/m² approximately 30 minutes after pemetrexed administration on Day 1 of each cycle, gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m² on Day 1 and Day 8, and cisplatin was administered intravenously at a dose of 75 mg/m² approximately 30 minutes after administration of gemcitabine, on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Treatment was administered up to a total of 6 cycles; patients in both arms received folic acid, vitamin B₁₂, and dexamethasone [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. The primary efficacy outcome measure was overall survival.

A total of 1725 patients were enrolled with 862 patients randomized to pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin and 863 patients to gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin. The median age was 61 years (range 26-83 years), 70% were male, 78% were White, 17% were Asian, 2.9% were Hispanic or Latino, and 2.1% were Black or African American, and <1% were other ethnicities. Among patients for whom ECOG PS (n=1722) and smoking history (n=1516) were collected, 65% had an ECOG PS of 1, 36% had an ECOG PS of 0, and 84% were smokers. For tumor characteristics, 73% had non-squamous NSCLC and 27% had squamous NSCLC; 76% had Stage IV disease. Among 1252 patients with non-squamous NSCLC histology, 68% had a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, 12% had large cell histology and 20% had other histologic subtypes.  

Efficacy results in Study JMDB are presented in Table 11 and Figure 2.

^a   Unadjusted for multiple comparisons.

^b Adjusted for gender, stage, basis of diagnosis, and performance status.

Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Study JMDB

In pre-specified analyses assessing the impact of NSCLC histology on overall survival, clinically relevant differences in survival according to histology were observed. These subgroup analyses are shown in Table 12 and Figures 3 and 4. This difference in treatment effect for pemetrexed based on histology demonstrating a lack of efficacy in squamous cell histology was also observed in Studies JMEN and JMEI.

^a Unadjusted for multiple comparisons.

^b Adjusted for ECOG PS, gender, disease stage, and basis for pathological diagnosis (histopathological/cytopathological).

Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Non-squamous NSCLC in Study JMDB

Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Squamous NSCLC in Study JMDB  

Pemetrexed is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor that disrupts folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell replication. In vitro studies show that pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), which are folate-dependent enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides. Pemetrexed is taken into cells by membrane carriers such as the reduced folate carrier and membrane folate binding protein transport systems. Once in the cell, pemetrexed is converted to polyglutamate forms by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The polyglutamate forms are retained in cells and are inhibitors of TS and GARFT.

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, pemetrexed can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal reproduction studies, intravenous administration of pemetrexed to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic, resulting in developmental delays and increased malformations at doses lower than the recommended human dose of 500 mg/m². Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed and for 6 months after the last dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed and for 3 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].

• Myelosuppression: Can cause severe bone marrow suppression resulting in cytopenia and an increased risk of infection. Do not administer pemetrexed when the absolute neutrophil count is less than 1500 cells/mm³ and platelets are less than 100,000 cells/mm³. Initiate supplementation with oral folic acid and intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ to reduce the severity of hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity of pemetrexed. (2.4, 5.1)  
• Renal Failure: Can cause severe, and sometimes fatal, renal failure. Do not administer when creatinine clearance is less than 45 mL/min. (2.3, 5.2)
• Bullous and Exfoliative Skin Toxicity: Permanently discontinue for severe and life-threatening bullous, blistering or exfoliating skin toxicity. (5.3)
• Interstitial Pneumonitis: Withhold for acute onset of new or progressive unexplained pulmonary symptoms. Permanently discontinue if pneumonitis is confirmed. (5.4)
• Radiation Recall: Can occur in patients who received radiation weeks to years previously; permanently discontinue for signs of radiation recall. (5.5)
• Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise patients of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception. (5.7, 8.1, 8.3)

• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection administered with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes, administered after pembrolizumab and prior to platinum chemotherapy, on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. (2.1)
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection, administered as a single agent or with cisplatin, in patients with creatinine clearance of 45 mL/minute or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. (2.1, 2.2)
• Initiate folic acid 400 mcg to 1000 mcg orally, once daily, beginning 7 days prior to the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and continue until 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed for injection. (2.4)
• Administer vitamin B₁₂, 1 mg intramuscularly, 1 week prior to the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and every 3 cycles. (2.4)
• Administer dexamethasone 4 mg orally, twice daily the day before, the day of, and the day after pemetrexed for injection administration. (2.4)

Pemetrexed for injection, USP is a white to either light-yellow or green-yellow lyophilized cake or powder available in sterile single-dose vials containing 750 mg pemetrexed.

Serious interstitial pneumonitis, including fatal cases, can occur with pemetrexed treatment. Withhold pemetrexed for acute onset of new or progressive unexplained pulmonary symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, or fever pending diagnostic evaluation. If pneumonitis is confirmed, permanently discontinue pemetrexed.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of pemetrexed. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

        Blood and Lymphatic System — immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

        Gastrointestinal — colitis, pancreatitis

        General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions — edema

        Injury, poisoning, and procedural complications — radiation recall

        Respiratory — interstitial pneumonitis

        Skin — Serious and fatal bullous skin conditions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed. (8.2)

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reactions rates cannot be directly compared to rates in other clinical trials and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. 

In clinical trials, the most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) of pemetrexed, when administered as a single agent, are fatigue, nausea, and anorexia. The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) of pemetrexed, when administered in combination with cisplatin are vomiting, neutropenia, anemia, stomatitis/pharyngitis, thrombocytopenia, and constipation. The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) of pemetrexed, when administered in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, are fatigue/asthenia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, decreased appetite, rash, vomiting, cough, dyspnea, and pyrexia.

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).  

Premedication and Concomitant Medication: Instruct patients to take folic acid as directed and to keep appointments for vitamin B₁₂ injections to reduce the risk of treatment-related toxicity. Instruct patients of the requirement to take corticosteroids to reduce the risks of treatment-related toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].  

Myelosuppression: Inform patients of the risk of low blood cell counts and instruct them to immediately contact their physician for signs of infection, fever, bleeding, or symptoms of anemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].  

Renal Failure: Inform patients of the risks of renal failure, which may be exacerbated in patients with dehydration arising from severe vomiting or diarrhea. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for a decrease in urine output [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].  

Bullous and Exfoliative Skin Disorders: Inform patients of the risks of severe and exfoliative skin disorders. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for development of bullous lesions or exfoliation in the skin or mucous membranes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].  

Interstitial Pneumonitis: Inform patients of the risks of pneumonitis. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for development of dyspnea or persistent cough [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].  

Radiation Recall: Inform patients who have received prior radiation of the risks of radiation recall. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for development of inflammation or blisters in an area that was previously irradiated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].  

Increased Risk of Toxicity with Ibuprofen in Patients with Renal Impairment: Advise patients with mild to moderate renal impairment of the risks associated with concomitant ibuprofen use and instruct them to avoid use of all ibuprofen containing products for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed for injection [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Warnings and Precautions (5.6), and Drug Interactions (7)].  

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Advise females of reproductive potential and males with female partners of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 6 months after the last dose. Advise females to inform their prescriber of a known or suspected pregnancy. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 3 months after the last dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].  

Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 1 week after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP

750 mg/vial

• Pemetrexed for injection is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.¹
• Calculate the dose of pemetrexed for injection and determine the number of vials needed.
• Reconstitute pemetrexed for injection to achieve a concentration of 25 mg/mL as follows:

           • Reconstitute each 750-mg vial with 30 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (preservative-free)

          • Do not use calcium-containing solutions for reconstitution.

• Gently swirl each vial until the powder is completely dissolved. The resulting solution is clear and ranges in color from colorless to yellow or green-yellow. FURTHER DILUTION IS REQUIRED prior to administration.
• Store reconstituted, preservative-free product under refrigerated conditions [2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F)] for no longer than 24 hours from the time of reconstitution. Discard vial after 24 hours.
• Inspect reconstituted product visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to further dilution. If particulate matter is observed, discard vial.
• Withdraw the calculated dose of pemetrexed for injection from the vial(s) and discard vial with any unused portion.
• Further dilute pemetrexed for injection with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (preservative-free) to achieve a total volume of 100 mL for intravenous infusion.
• Store diluted, reconstituted product under refrigerated conditions [2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F)] for no more than 24 hours from the time of reconstitution. Discard after 24 hours.

Pemetrexed is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Decreased renal function results in reduced clearance and greater exposure (AUC) to pemetrexed compared with patients with normal renal function [Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. No dose is recommended for patients with creatinine clearance less than 45 mL/min [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

How Supplied

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is a white to either light-yellow or green-yellow lyophilized cake or powder available in sterile single-dose vials for reconstitution for intravenous infusion.

NDC 60505-6068-0: single-dose vial of 750 mg pemetrexed with aluminium flip-off seals with dark grey color button individually packaged in a carton.

Storage and Handling

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP: Store powder at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.¹

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP 750 mg/vial - Vial Label

NDC 60505-6068-0

R_X Only

For intravenous use only

Caution: Cytotoxic Agent

Single-Dose Vial

• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection when administered with cisplatin in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. 

Serious and sometimes fatal, bullous, blistering and exfoliative skin toxicity, including cases suggestive of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis can occur with pemetrexed. Permanently discontinue pemetrexed for severe and life-threatening bullous, blistering or exfoliating skin toxicity.

• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection when administered with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy for the initial treatment of metastatic non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes administered after pembrolizumab and prior to carboplatin or cisplatin on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles. Following completion of platinum-based therapy, treatment with pemetrexed for injection with or without pembrolizumab is administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Please refer to the full prescribing information for pembrolizumab and for carboplatin or cisplatin.
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection when administered with cisplatin for initial treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes administered prior to cisplatin on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for up to six cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection for maintenance treatment of non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy.
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection for treatment of recurrent non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Obtain complete blood count on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle. Assess creatinine clearance prior to each cycle. Do not administer pemetrexed for injection if the creatinine clearance is less than 45 mL/min.

Delay initiation of the next cycle of pemetrexed for injection until:

• recovery of non-hematologic toxicity to Grade 0-2,
• absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is 1500 cells/mm³ or higher, and
• platelet count is 100,000 cells/mm³ or higher.

Upon recovery, modify the dosage of pemetrexed for injection in the next cycle as specified in Table 1.

For dosing modifications for cisplatin, carboplatin, or pembrolizumab, refer to their prescribing information.

^a National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 2 (NCI CTCAE v2)  

Based in animal data pemetrexed can cause malformations and developmental delays when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].  

Pregnancy Testing

Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating Pemetrexed Injection [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].  

Contraception

Females

Because of the potential for genotoxicity, advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed  and for 6 months after the last dose.  

Males

Because of the potential for genotoxicity, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed and for 3 months after the last dose [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].  

Infertility

Males

Pemetrexed may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential. It is not known whether these effects on fertility are reversible [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

Pemetrexed for Injection is indicated:

• in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, for the initial treatment of patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.
• in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC.
• as a single agent for the maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy.
• as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic non-squamous, NSCLC after prior chemotherapy.

Limitations of Use: Pemetrexed for injection is not indicated for the treatment of patients with squamous cell, non-small cell lung cancer [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted with pemetrexed. Pemetrexed was clastogenic in an in vivo micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow but was not mutagenic in multiple in vitro tests (Ames assay, Chinese Hamster Ovary cell assay).  

Pemetrexed administered intraperitoneally at doses of ≥0.1 mg/kg/day to male mice (approximately 0.0006 times the recommended human dose based on BSA) resulted in reduced fertility, hypospermia, and testicular atrophy.

Vitamin Supplementation 

• Initiate folic acid 400 mcg to 1000 mcg orally once daily, beginning 7 days before the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and continuing until 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed for injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
• Administer vitamin B₁₂ 1 mg intramuscularly, 1 week prior to the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and every 3 cycles thereafter. Subsequent vitamin B₁₂ injections may be given the same day as treatment with pemetrexed for injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Do not substitute oral vitamin B₁₂ for intramuscular vitamin B₁₂.

Corticosteroids

• Administer dexamethasone 4 mg orally twice daily for three consecutive days, beginning the day before each pemetrexed for injection administration.

Exposure to pemetrexed is increased in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment who take concomitant ibuprofen, increasing the risks of adverse reactions of pemetrexed. In patients with creatinine clearances between 45 mL/min and 79 mL/min, avoid administration of ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed. If concomitant ibuprofen use cannot be avoided, monitor patients more frequently for pemetrexed adverse reactions, including myelosuppression, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Drug Interactions (7), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Pemetrexed can cause severe myelosuppression resulting in a requirement for transfusions and which may lead to neutropenic infection. The risk of myelosuppression is increased in patients who do not receive vitamin supplementation. In Study JMCH, incidences of Grade 3-4 neutropenia (38% versus 23%), thrombocytopenia (9% versus 5%), febrile neutropenia (9% versus 0.6%), and neutropenic infection (6% versus 0) were higher in patients who received pemetrexed plus cisplatin without vitamin supplementation as compared to patients who were fully supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ prior to and throughout pemetrexed plus cisplatin treatment. 

Initiate supplementation with oral folic acid and intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ prior to the first dose of pemetrexed; continue vitamin supplementation during treatment and for 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed to reduce the severity of hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity of pemetrexed [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. Obtain a complete blood count at the beginning of each cycle. Do not administer pemetrexed until the ANC is at least 1500 cells/mm³ and platelet count is at least 100,000 cells/mm³. Permanently reduce pemetrexed in patients with an ANC of less than 500 cells/mm³ or platelet count of less than 50,000 cells/mm³ in previous cycles [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. 

In Studies JMDB and JMCH, among patients who received vitamin supplementation, incidence of Grade 3-4 neutropenia was 15% and 23%, the incidence of Grade 3-4 anemia was 6% and 4%, and incidence of Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia was 4% and 5%, respectively. In Study JMCH, 18% of patients in the pemetrexed arm required red blood cell transfusions compared to 7% of patients in the cisplatin arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. In Studies JMEN, PARAMOUNT, and JMEI, where all patients received vitamin supplementation, incidence of Grade 3-4 neutropenia ranged from 3% to 5%, and incidence of Grade 3-4 anemia ranged from 3% to 5%.

In patients with creatinine clearances between 45 mL/min and 79 mL/min, modify administration of ibuprofen as follows [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Drug Interactions (7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]:

• Avoid administration of ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed for injection.
• Monitor patients more frequently for myelosuppression, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicity, if concomitant administration of ibuprofen cannot be avoided.

Non-Squamous NSCLC

First-line Treatment of Metastatic Non-squamous NSCLC with Pembrolizumab and Platinum Chemotherapy

The safety of pemetrexed, in combination with pembrolizumab and investigator’s choice of platinum (either carboplatin or cisplatin), was investigated in Study KEYNOTE-189, a multicenter, double-blind, randomized (2:1), active-controlled trial in patients with previously untreated, metastatic non-squamous NSCLC with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. A total of 607 patients received pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by pemetrexed and pembrolizumab (n=405), or placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum every 3 weeks for 4 cycles followed by placebo and pemetrexed (n=202). Patients with autoimmune disease that required systemic therapy within 2 years of treatment; a medical condition that required immunosuppression; or who had received more than 30 Gy of thoracic radiation within the prior 26 weeks were ineligible [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

The median duration of exposure to pemetrexed was 7.2 months (range: 1 day to 1.7 years). Seventy-two percent of patients received carboplatin. The study population characteristics were: median age of 64 years (range: 34 to 84), 49% age 65 years or older, 59% male, 94% White and 3% Asian, and 18% with history of brain metastases at baseline.

Pemetrexed was discontinued for adverse reactions in 23% of patients in the pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum arm. The most common adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of pemetrexed in this arm were acute kidney injury (3%) and pneumonitis (2%). Adverse reactions leading to interruption of pemetrexed occurred in 49% of patients in the pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum arm. The most common adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities leading to interruption of pemetrexed in this arm (≥2%) were neutropenia (12%), anemia (7%), asthenia (4%), pneumonia (4%), thrombocytopenia (4%), increased blood creatinine (3%), diarrhea (3%), and fatigue (3%).

Table 2 summarizes the adverse reactions that occurred in ≥20% of patients treated with pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥20% of Patients in KEYNOTE-189

^a Graded per NCI CTCAE version 4.03.

^b Includes asthenia and fatigue.

^c Includes genital rash, rash, rash generalized, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, rash papular, rash pruritic, and rash pustular.

Table 3 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities that worsened from baseline in at least 20% of patients treated with pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum.

Table 3: Laboratory Abnormalities Worsened from Baseline in ≥20% of Patients in KEYNOTE-189

^a Each test incidence is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one on-study laboratory measurement available: pemetrexed/pembrolizumab/platinum chemotherapy (range: 381 to 401 patients) and placebo/pemetrexed/platinum chemotherapy (range: 184 to 197 patients).

^b Graded per NCI CTCAE version 4.03.

Initial Treatment in Combination with Cisplatin

The safety of pemetrexed was evaluated in Study JMDB, a randomized (1:1), open-label, multicenter trial conducted in chemotherapy-naive patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. Patients received either pemetrexed 500 mg/m² intravenously and cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle (n=839) or gemcitabine 1250 mg/m² intravenously on Days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle (n=830). All patients were fully supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂.  

Study JMDB excluded patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS of 2 or greater), uncontrolled third-space fluid retention, inadequate bone marrow reserve and organ function, or a calculated creatinine clearance less than 45 mL/min. Patients unable to stop using aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or unable to take folic acid, vitamin B₁₂ or corticosteroids were also excluded from the study.  

The data described below reflect exposure to pemetrexed plus cisplatin in 839 patients in Study JMDB. Median age was 61 years (range 26-83 years); 70% of patients were men; 78% were White, 16% were Asian, 2.9% were Hispanic or Latino, 2.1% were Black or African American, and <1% were other ethnicities; 36% had an ECOG PS 0. Patients received a median of 5 cycles of pemetrexed. 

Table 4 provides the frequency and severity of adverse reactions that occurred in ≥5% of 839 patients receiving pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin in Study JMDB. Study JMDB was not designed to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in adverse reaction rates for pemetrexed, as compared to the control arm, for any specified adverse reaction listed in Table 4.

^a NCI CTCAE version 2.

The following additional adverse reactions of pemetrexed were observed.

        Incidence 1% to <5%

• Body as a Whole — febrile neutropenia, infection, pyrexia
•  
  General Disorders — dehydration
•  
  Metabolism and Nutrition — increased AST, increased ALT
•  
  Renal — renal failure
•  
  Eye Disorder — conjunctivitis

        Incidence <1%

• Cardiovascular — arrhythmia
•  
  General Disorders — chest pain
•  
  Metabolism and Nutrition — increased GGT
•  
  Neurology — motor neuropathy

PATIENT INFORMATION

PEMETREXED FOR INJECTION , USP

(pem" e trex' ed)

(for Intravenous Use)

What is pemetrexed for injection?

Pemetrexed for injection is a prescription medicine used to treat:

• a kind of lung cancer called non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).  Pemetrexed for injection is used:
  • as the first treatment in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy when your lung cancer with no abnormal EGFR or ALK gene has spread (advanced NSCLC).
  • as the first treatment in combination with cisplatin when your lung cancer has spread (advanced NSCLC).
  • alone as maintenance treatment after you have received 4 cycles of chemotherapy that contains platinum for first treatment of your advanced NSCLC and your cancer has not progressed.
  • alone when your lung cancer has returned or spread after prior chemotherapy.

    Pemetrexed for injection is not for use for the treatment of people with squamous cell non-small cell lung cancer.

• a kind of cancer called malignant pleural mesothelioma. This cancer affects the lining of the lungs and chest wall. Pemetrexed for injection is used in combination with cisplatin as the first treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma that cannot be removed by surgery or you are not able to have surgery.

Pemetrexed for injection has not been shown to be  safe and effective in children.

Do not take pemetrexed for injection: if you have had a severe allergic reaction to any medicine that contains pemetrexed.

Before taking pemetrexed for injection, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

• have kidney problems.
• have had radiation therapy.
• are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Pemetrexed for injection can harm your unborn baby.

  Females who are able to become pregnant:  Your healthcare provider will check to see if you are pregnant before you start treatment with pemetrexed for injection. You should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 6 months after the last dose. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you are pregnant during treatment with pemetrexed for injection. Males with female partners who are able to become pregnant should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 3 months after the last dose.

• are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if pemetrexed passes into breast milk. Do not breastfeed during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 1 week after the final dose.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Tell your healthcare provider if you have kidney problems and take a medicine that contains ibuprofen. You should avoid taking ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days after receiving treatment with pemetrexed for injection.

How is pemetrexed for injection given?

• It is very important to take folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ during your treatment with pemetrexed for injection to lower your risk of harmful side effects.

   • Take folic acid exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider 1 time a day, beginning 7 days (1 week) before your first dose of pemetrexed for injection and continue taking folic acid  until 21 days (3 weeks) after your last dose of pemetrexed for injection.

  • Your healthcare provider will give you vitamin B₁₂ injections during treatment with pemetrexed for injection. You will get your first vitamin B₁₂ injection 7 days (1 week) before your first  dose of pemetrexed for injection, and then every 3 cycles.

• Your healthcare provider will prescribe a medicine called corticosteroid for you to take 2 times a day for 3 days, beginning the day before each treatment with pemetrexed for injection.

• Pemetrexed for injection is given to you by intravenous (IV) infusion into your vein. The infusion is given over 10 minutes.

• Pemetrexed for injection is usually given once every 21 days (3 weeks).

What are the possible side effects of pemetrexed for injection?

Pemetrexed for injection can cause serious side effects, including:

• Low blood cell counts. Low blood cell counts can be severe, including low white blood cell counts (neutropenia), low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), and low red blood cell counts (anemia). Your healthcare provider will do blood tests to check your blood cell counts regularly during your treatment with pemetrexed for injection. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any signs of infection, fever, bleeding, or severe tiredness during your treatment with pemetrexed for injection.
• Kidney problems, including kidney failure. Pemetrexed for injection can cause severe kidney problems that can lead to death. Severe vomiting or diarrhea can lead to loss of fluids (dehydration) which may cause kidney problems to become worse. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have a decrease in amount of urine.
• Severe skin reactions. Severe skin reactions that may lead to death can happen with pemetrexed for injection. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you develop blisters, skin  sores, skin peeling, or painful sores, or ulcers in your mouth, nose, throat or genital area.
• Lung problems (pneumonitis). Pemetrexed for injection can cause serious lung problems that can lead to death. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you get any new or  worsening symptoms of shortness of breath, cough, or fever.
• Radiation recall. Radiation recall is a skin reaction that can happen in people who have received radiation treatment in the past and are treated with pemetrexed for injection. Tell your healthcare provider if you get swelling, blistering, or a rash that looks like a sunburn in an area that was previously treated with radiation.

The most common side effects of pemetrexed for injection when given alone are:

The most common side effects of pemetrexed for injection when given with cisplatin are:

• vomiting                                                                   • low white blood cell counts (neutropenia)

• swelling or sores in your mouth or sore throat             • low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)

• constipation                                                             • low red blood cell counts (anemia)

The most common side effects of pemetrexed for injection when given with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy are:

Pemetrexed for injection may cause fertility problems in males. This may affect your ability to father a child. It is not known if these effects are reversible. Talk to your healthcare provider if this is a concern for you.

Your healthcare provider will do blood tests to check for side effects during treatment with pemetrexed for injection. Your healthcare provider may change your dose of pemetrexed for injection, delay treatment, or stop treatment if you have certain side effects.

Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the side effects of pemetrexed for injection. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

General information about the safe and effective use of pemetrexed for injection.

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet.

You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about pemetrexed for injection that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in pemetrexed for injection?

Active ingredient: pemetrexed

Inactive ingredients: mannitol, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added to adjust pH.

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP

750 mg/vial

This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Revised: 03/2024

No drugs are approved for the treatment of pemetrexed overdose. Based on animal studies, administration of leucovorin may mitigate the toxicities of pemetrexed overdosage. It is not known whether pemetrexed is dialyzable.

• “OSHA Hazardous Drugs.” OSHA. [https://www.osha.gov/hazardous-drugs]

Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, pemetrexed can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)]. There are no available data on pemetrexed use in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, intravenous administration of pemetrexed to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic, resulting in developmental delays and malformations at doses lower than the recommended human dose of 500 mg/m²  [see Data]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus [see Use in Special Populations (8.3)].  

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.  

Data

Animal Data

Pemetrexed was teratogenic in mice. Daily dosing of pemetrexed by intravenous injection to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis increased the incidence of fetal malformations (cleft palate; protruding tongue; enlarged or misshaped kidney; and fused lumbar vertebra) at doses (based on BSA) 0.03 times the human dose of 500 mg/m². At doses, based on BSA, greater than or equal to 0.0012 times the 500 mg/m² human dose, pemetrexed administration resulted in dose-dependent increases in developmental delays (incomplete ossification of talus and skull bone; and decreased fetal weight).

Risk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of pemetrexed or its metabolites in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from pemetrexed, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with pemetrexed and for one week after the last dose.

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor. The drug substance, pemetrexed disodium 2.5 hydrate has the chemical name L-Glutamic acid, N-[4-[2-(2-Amino-4,7-Dihydro-4-oxo-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidin-5-yl)Ethyl] Benzoyl]-L-Glutamic acid disodium 2.5 hydrate. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C₂₀H₁₉N₅ Na₂O₆.2.5H₂O and a molecular weight of 516.45 g/mol. The structural formula is as follows:

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is supplied as a sterile lyophilized powder for intravenous infusion available in single-dose vials. The product is a white to either light yellow or green-yellow lyophilized powder or cake. Each 750 mg vial of pemetrexed for injection, USP contains pemetrexed disodium equivalent to 750 mg pemetrexed and 750 mg of mannitol. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added to adjust pH.

Pemetrexed for Injection is indicated, in combination with cisplatin, for the initial treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery.

The efficacy of pemetrexed was evaluated in Study JMCH (NCT00005636), a multicenter, randomized (1:1), single-blind study conducted in patients with MPM who had received no prior chemotherapy. Patients were randomized (n=456) to receive pemetrexed 500 mg/m² intravenously over 10 minutes followed 30 minutes later by cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously over two hours on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle or to receive cisplatin 75 mg/m² intravenously over 2 hours on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle; treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The study was modified after randomization and treatment of 117 patients to require that all patients receive folic acid 350 mcg to 1000 mcg daily beginning 1 to 3 weeks prior to the first dose of pemetrexed and continuing until 1 to 3 weeks after the last dose, vitamin B₁₂ 1000 mcg intramuscularly 1 to 3 weeks prior to first dose of pemetrexed and every 9 weeks thereafter, and dexamethasone 4 mg orally, twice daily, for 3 days starting the day prior to each pemetrexed dose. Randomization was stratified by multiple baseline variables including KPS, histologic subtype (epithelial, mixed, sarcomatoid, other), and gender. The major efficacy outcome measure was overall survival and additional efficacy outcome measures were time to disease progression, overall response rate, and response duration.  

A total of 448 patients received at least one dose of protocol-specified therapy; 226 patients were randomized to and received at least one dose of pemetrexed plus cisplatin, and 222 patients were randomized to and received cisplatin. Among the 226 patients who received cisplatin with pemetrexed, 74% received full supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ during study therapy, 14% were never supplemented, and 12% were partially supplemented. Across the study population, the median age was 61 years (range: 20 to 86 years); 81% were male; 92% were White, 5% were Hispanic or Latino, 3.1% were Asian, and <1% were other ethnicities; and 54% had a baseline KPS score of 90-100% and 46% had a KPS score of 70 to 80%. With regard to tumor characteristics, 46% had Stage IV disease, 31% Stage III, 15% Stage II, and 7% Stage I disease at baseline; the histologic subtype of mesothelioma was epithelial in 68% of patients, mixed in 16%, sarcomatoid in 10% and other histologic subtypes in 6%. The baseline demographics and tumor characteristics of the subgroup of fully supplemented patients was similar to the overall study population. 

The efficacy results from Study JMCH are summarized in Table 18 and Figure 9.

^a Hazard ratios are not adjusted for stratification variables.

^b Not a pre-specified analysis.

Figure 9: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Study JMCH

Based upon prospectively defined criteria (modified Southwest Oncology Group methodology) the objective tumor response rate for pemetrexed plus cisplatin was greater than the objective tumor response rate for cisplatin alone. There was also improvement in lung function (forced vital capacity) in the pemetrexed plus cisplatin arm compared to the control arm.

Pemetrexed can cause severe, and sometimes fatal, renal toxicity. The incidences of renal failure in clinical studies in which patients received pemetrexed with cisplatin were: 2.1% in Study JMDB and 2.2% in Study JMCH. The incidence of renal failure in clinical studies in which patients received pemetrexed as a single agent ranged from 0.4% to 0.6% (Studies JMEN, PARAMOUNT, and JMEI [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Determine creatinine clearance before each dose and periodically monitor renal function during treatment with pemetrexed. Withhold pemetrexed in patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 45 mL/minute [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

The safety and effectiveness of pemetrexed in pediatric patients have not been established.

The safety and pharmacokinetics of pemetrexed were evaluated in two clinical studies conducted in pediatric patients with recurrent solid tumors (NCT00070473 N=32 and NCT00520936 N=72). Patients in both studies received concomitant vitamin B₁₂ and folic acid supplementation and dexamethasone.

No tumor responses were observed. Adverse reactions observed in pediatric patients were similar to those observed in adults.

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of pemetrexed were evaluated in 22 patients age 4 to 18 years enrolled in NCT00070473 were within range of values in adults.

Of the 3,946 patients enrolled in clinical studies of pemetrexed, 34% were 65 and over and 4% were 75 and over. No overall differences in effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients. The incidences of Grade 3-4 anemia, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, hypertension, and neutropenia were higher in patients 65 years of age and older as compared to younger patients: in at least one of five randomized clinical trials. [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.2)]. 

Pemetrexed for Injection is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to pemetrexed [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

• Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Renal failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
• Bullous and exfoliative skin toxicity [see Warning and Precautions (5.3)]
• Interstitial pneumonitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Radiation recall [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]

Effects of Ibuprofen on Pemetrexed

Ibuprofen increases exposure (AUC) of pemetrexed [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. In patients with creatinine clearance between 45 mL/min and 79 mL/min:

• Avoid administration of ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].
• Monitor patients more frequently for myelosuppression, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicity, if concomitant administration of ibuprofen cannot be avoided.

• Pemetrexed for injection dosing recommendations are provided for patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2)]. There is no recommended dose for patients whose creatinine clearance is less than 45 mL/min [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

Radiation recall can occur with pemetrexed in patients who have received radiation weeks to years previously. Monitor patients for inflammation or blistering in areas of previous radiation treatment. Permanently discontinue pemetrexed for signs of radiation recall.

Pemetrexed inhibited the in vitro growth of mesothelioma cell lines (MSTO-211H, NCI-H2052) and showed synergistic effects when combined with cisplatin.  

Based on population pharmacodynamic analyses, the depth of the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) nadir correlates with the systemic exposure to pemetrexed and supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂. There is no cumulative effect of pemetrexed exposure on ANC nadir over multiple treatment cycles.

Pemetrexed for injection is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated:

• in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, for the initial treatment of patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. (1.1)
• in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC. (1.1)
• as a single agent for the maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. (1.1)
• as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic non-squamous, NSCLC after prior chemotherapy. (1.1)

Limitations of Use: Pemetrexed for injection is not indicated for the treatment of patients with squamous cell, non-small cell lung cancer. (1.1)

• initial treatment, in combination with cisplatin, of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery. (1.2)

Initial Treatment in Combination with Pembrolizumab and Platinum

The efficacy of pemetrexed in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy was investigated in Study KEYNOTE-189 (NCT02578680), a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled trial conducted in patients with metastatic non-squamous NSCLC, regardless of PD-L1 tumor expression status, who had not previously received systemic therapy for metastatic disease and in whom there were no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. Patients with autoimmune disease that required systemic therapy within 2 years of treatment; a medical condition that required immunosuppression; or who had received more than 30 Gy of thoracic radiation within the prior 26 weeks were ineligible. Randomization was stratified by smoking status (never versus former/current), choice of platinum (cisplatin versus carboplatin), and tumor PD-L1 status (TPS <1% [negative] versus TPS ≥1%). Patients were randomized (2:1) to one of the following treatment arms:

• Pemetrexed 500 mg/m², pembrolizumab 200 mg, and investigator’s choice of cisplatin 75 mg/m² or carboplatin AUC 5 mg/mL/min intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles followed by pemetrexed 500 mg/m² and pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks. Pemetrexed was administered after pembrolizumab and prior to platinum chemotherapy on Day 1.
• Placebo, pemetrexed 500 mg/m², and investigator’s choice of cisplatin 75 mg/m² or carboplatin AUC 5 mg/mL/min intravenously on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles followed by placebo and pemetrexed 500 mg/m² intravenously every 3 weeks.

Treatment with pemetrexed continued until RECIST v1.1 (modified to follow a maximum of 10 target lesions and a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ)-defined progression of disease as determined by the investigator or unacceptable toxicity. Patients randomized to placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum chemotherapy were offered pembrolizumab as a single agent at the time of disease progression.

Assessment of tumor status was performed at Week 6, Week 12, and then every 9 weeks thereafter. The main efficacy outcome measures were OS and PFS as assessed by BICR RECIST v1.1, modified to follow a maximum of 10 target lesions and a maximum of five target lesions per organ. Additional efficacy outcome measures were ORR and duration of response, as assessed by the BICR according to RECIST v1.1, modified to follow a maximum of 10 target lesions and a maximum of 5 target lesions per organ.

A total of 616 patients were randomized: 410 patients to the pemetrexed, pembrolizumab, and platinum chemotherapy arm and 206 to the placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum chemotherapy arm. The study population characteristics were: median age of 64 years (range: 34 to 84); 49% age 65 or older; 59% male; 94% White and 3% Asian; 56% ECOG performance status of 1; and 18% with history of brain metastases. Thirty-one percent had tumor PD-L1 expression TPS <1%. Seventy-two percent received carboplatin and 12% were never smokers. A total of 85 patients in the placebo, pemetrexed, and chemotherapy arm received an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody at the time of disease progression.

The trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in OS and PFS for patients randomized to pemetrexed in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy compared with placebo, pemetrexed, and platinum chemotherapy (see Table 10 and Figure 1).

Table 10: Efficacy Results of KEYNOTE-189

^a Based on the stratified Cox proportional hazard model.

^b Based on stratified log-rank test.

^c Response: Best objective response as confirmed complete response or partial response.

^d Based on Miettinen and Nurminen method stratified by PD-L1 status, platinum chemotherapy and smoking status. NR = not reached

At the protocol specified final OS analysis, the median in the pemetrexed in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy arm was 22 months (95% CI: 19.5, 24.5) compared to 10.6 months (95% CI: 8.7, 13.6) in the placebo with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy arm, with an HR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.69).

P+P+C = pemetrexed + pembrolizumab + platinum chemotherapy.

P+C = pemetrexed + platinum chemotherapy + placebo.

Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Curve for Overall Survival in KEYNOTE-189

*Based on the protocol-specified final OS analysis

Initial Treatment in Combination with Cisplatin

The efficacy of pemetrexed was evaluated in Study JMDB (NCT00087711), a multi-center, randomized (1:1), open-label study conducted in 1725 chemotherapy-naive patients with Stage IIIb/IV NSCLC. Patients were randomized to receive pemetrexed with cisplatin or gemcitabine with cisplatin. Randomization was stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS 0 versus 1), gender, disease stage, basis for pathological diagnosis (histopathological/cytopathological), history of brain metastases, and investigative center. Pemetrexed was administered intravenously over 10 minutes at a dose of 500 mg/m² on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Cisplatin was administered intravenously at a dose of 75 mg/m² approximately 30 minutes after pemetrexed administration on Day 1 of each cycle, gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1250 mg/m² on Day 1 and Day 8, and cisplatin was administered intravenously at a dose of 75 mg/m² approximately 30 minutes after administration of gemcitabine, on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Treatment was administered up to a total of 6 cycles; patients in both arms received folic acid, vitamin B₁₂, and dexamethasone [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. The primary efficacy outcome measure was overall survival.

A total of 1725 patients were enrolled with 862 patients randomized to pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin and 863 patients to gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin. The median age was 61 years (range 26-83 years), 70% were male, 78% were White, 17% were Asian, 2.9% were Hispanic or Latino, and 2.1% were Black or African American, and <1% were other ethnicities. Among patients for whom ECOG PS (n=1722) and smoking history (n=1516) were collected, 65% had an ECOG PS of 1, 36% had an ECOG PS of 0, and 84% were smokers. For tumor characteristics, 73% had non-squamous NSCLC and 27% had squamous NSCLC; 76% had Stage IV disease. Among 1252 patients with non-squamous NSCLC histology, 68% had a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, 12% had large cell histology and 20% had other histologic subtypes.  

Efficacy results in Study JMDB are presented in Table 11 and Figure 2.

^a   Unadjusted for multiple comparisons.

^b Adjusted for gender, stage, basis of diagnosis, and performance status.

Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Study JMDB

In pre-specified analyses assessing the impact of NSCLC histology on overall survival, clinically relevant differences in survival according to histology were observed. These subgroup analyses are shown in Table 12 and Figures 3 and 4. This difference in treatment effect for pemetrexed based on histology demonstrating a lack of efficacy in squamous cell histology was also observed in Studies JMEN and JMEI.

^a Unadjusted for multiple comparisons.

^b Adjusted for ECOG PS, gender, disease stage, and basis for pathological diagnosis (histopathological/cytopathological).

Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Non-squamous NSCLC in Study JMDB

Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier Curves for Overall Survival in Squamous NSCLC in Study JMDB  

Pemetrexed is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor that disrupts folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell replication. In vitro studies show that pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), which are folate-dependent enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides. Pemetrexed is taken into cells by membrane carriers such as the reduced folate carrier and membrane folate binding protein transport systems. Once in the cell, pemetrexed is converted to polyglutamate forms by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The polyglutamate forms are retained in cells and are inhibitors of TS and GARFT.

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, pemetrexed can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal reproduction studies, intravenous administration of pemetrexed to pregnant mice during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic, resulting in developmental delays and increased malformations at doses lower than the recommended human dose of 500 mg/m². Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed and for 6 months after the last dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed and for 3 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].

• Myelosuppression: Can cause severe bone marrow suppression resulting in cytopenia and an increased risk of infection. Do not administer pemetrexed when the absolute neutrophil count is less than 1500 cells/mm³ and platelets are less than 100,000 cells/mm³. Initiate supplementation with oral folic acid and intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ to reduce the severity of hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity of pemetrexed. (2.4, 5.1)  
• Renal Failure: Can cause severe, and sometimes fatal, renal failure. Do not administer when creatinine clearance is less than 45 mL/min. (2.3, 5.2)
• Bullous and Exfoliative Skin Toxicity: Permanently discontinue for severe and life-threatening bullous, blistering or exfoliating skin toxicity. (5.3)
• Interstitial Pneumonitis: Withhold for acute onset of new or progressive unexplained pulmonary symptoms. Permanently discontinue if pneumonitis is confirmed. (5.4)
• Radiation Recall: Can occur in patients who received radiation weeks to years previously; permanently discontinue for signs of radiation recall. (5.5)
• Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise patients of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception. (5.7, 8.1, 8.3)

• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection administered with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes, administered after pembrolizumab and prior to platinum chemotherapy, on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. (2.1)
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection, administered as a single agent or with cisplatin, in patients with creatinine clearance of 45 mL/minute or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle. (2.1, 2.2)
• Initiate folic acid 400 mcg to 1000 mcg orally, once daily, beginning 7 days prior to the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and continue until 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed for injection. (2.4)
• Administer vitamin B₁₂, 1 mg intramuscularly, 1 week prior to the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and every 3 cycles. (2.4)
• Administer dexamethasone 4 mg orally, twice daily the day before, the day of, and the day after pemetrexed for injection administration. (2.4)

Pemetrexed for injection, USP is a white to either light-yellow or green-yellow lyophilized cake or powder available in sterile single-dose vials containing 750 mg pemetrexed.

Serious interstitial pneumonitis, including fatal cases, can occur with pemetrexed treatment. Withhold pemetrexed for acute onset of new or progressive unexplained pulmonary symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, or fever pending diagnostic evaluation. If pneumonitis is confirmed, permanently discontinue pemetrexed.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of pemetrexed. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

        Blood and Lymphatic System — immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

        Gastrointestinal — colitis, pancreatitis

        General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions — edema

        Injury, poisoning, and procedural complications — radiation recall

        Respiratory — interstitial pneumonitis

        Skin — Serious and fatal bullous skin conditions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed. (8.2)

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reactions rates cannot be directly compared to rates in other clinical trials and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. 

In clinical trials, the most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) of pemetrexed, when administered as a single agent, are fatigue, nausea, and anorexia. The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) of pemetrexed, when administered in combination with cisplatin are vomiting, neutropenia, anemia, stomatitis/pharyngitis, thrombocytopenia, and constipation. The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) of pemetrexed, when administered in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, are fatigue/asthenia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, decreased appetite, rash, vomiting, cough, dyspnea, and pyrexia.

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).  

Premedication and Concomitant Medication: Instruct patients to take folic acid as directed and to keep appointments for vitamin B₁₂ injections to reduce the risk of treatment-related toxicity. Instruct patients of the requirement to take corticosteroids to reduce the risks of treatment-related toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].  

Myelosuppression: Inform patients of the risk of low blood cell counts and instruct them to immediately contact their physician for signs of infection, fever, bleeding, or symptoms of anemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].  

Renal Failure: Inform patients of the risks of renal failure, which may be exacerbated in patients with dehydration arising from severe vomiting or diarrhea. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for a decrease in urine output [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].  

Bullous and Exfoliative Skin Disorders: Inform patients of the risks of severe and exfoliative skin disorders. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for development of bullous lesions or exfoliation in the skin or mucous membranes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].  

Interstitial Pneumonitis: Inform patients of the risks of pneumonitis. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for development of dyspnea or persistent cough [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].  

Radiation Recall: Inform patients who have received prior radiation of the risks of radiation recall. Instruct patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for development of inflammation or blisters in an area that was previously irradiated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].  

Increased Risk of Toxicity with Ibuprofen in Patients with Renal Impairment: Advise patients with mild to moderate renal impairment of the risks associated with concomitant ibuprofen use and instruct them to avoid use of all ibuprofen containing products for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed for injection [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Warnings and Precautions (5.6), and Drug Interactions (7)].  

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Advise females of reproductive potential and males with female partners of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 6 months after the last dose. Advise females to inform their prescriber of a known or suspected pregnancy. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 3 months after the last dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) and Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].  

Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with pemetrexed for injection and for 1 week after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP

750 mg/vial

• Pemetrexed for injection is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.¹
• Calculate the dose of pemetrexed for injection and determine the number of vials needed.
• Reconstitute pemetrexed for injection to achieve a concentration of 25 mg/mL as follows:

           • Reconstitute each 750-mg vial with 30 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (preservative-free)

          • Do not use calcium-containing solutions for reconstitution.

• Gently swirl each vial until the powder is completely dissolved. The resulting solution is clear and ranges in color from colorless to yellow or green-yellow. FURTHER DILUTION IS REQUIRED prior to administration.
• Store reconstituted, preservative-free product under refrigerated conditions [2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F)] for no longer than 24 hours from the time of reconstitution. Discard vial after 24 hours.
• Inspect reconstituted product visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to further dilution. If particulate matter is observed, discard vial.
• Withdraw the calculated dose of pemetrexed for injection from the vial(s) and discard vial with any unused portion.
• Further dilute pemetrexed for injection with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (preservative-free) to achieve a total volume of 100 mL for intravenous infusion.
• Store diluted, reconstituted product under refrigerated conditions [2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F)] for no more than 24 hours from the time of reconstitution. Discard after 24 hours.

Pemetrexed is primarily excreted by the kidneys. Decreased renal function results in reduced clearance and greater exposure (AUC) to pemetrexed compared with patients with normal renal function [Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. No dose is recommended for patients with creatinine clearance less than 45 mL/min [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

How Supplied

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is a white to either light-yellow or green-yellow lyophilized cake or powder available in sterile single-dose vials for reconstitution for intravenous infusion.

NDC 60505-6068-0: single-dose vial of 750 mg pemetrexed with aluminium flip-off seals with dark grey color button individually packaged in a carton.

Storage and Handling

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP: Store powder at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.¹

Pemetrexed for Injection, USP 750 mg/vial - Vial Label

NDC 60505-6068-0

R_X Only

For intravenous use only

Caution: Cytotoxic Agent

Single-Dose Vial

• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection when administered with cisplatin in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. 

Serious and sometimes fatal, bullous, blistering and exfoliative skin toxicity, including cases suggestive of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis can occur with pemetrexed. Permanently discontinue pemetrexed for severe and life-threatening bullous, blistering or exfoliating skin toxicity.

• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection when administered with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy for the initial treatment of metastatic non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes administered after pembrolizumab and prior to carboplatin or cisplatin on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for 4 cycles. Following completion of platinum-based therapy, treatment with pemetrexed for injection with or without pembrolizumab is administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Please refer to the full prescribing information for pembrolizumab and for carboplatin or cisplatin.
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection when administered with cisplatin for initial treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes administered prior to cisplatin on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle for up to six cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection for maintenance treatment of non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy.
• The recommended dose of pemetrexed for injection for treatment of recurrent non-squamous NSCLC in patients with a creatinine clearance (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) of 45 mL/min or greater is 500 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Obtain complete blood count on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle. Assess creatinine clearance prior to each cycle. Do not administer pemetrexed for injection if the creatinine clearance is less than 45 mL/min.

Delay initiation of the next cycle of pemetrexed for injection until:

• recovery of non-hematologic toxicity to Grade 0-2,
• absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is 1500 cells/mm³ or higher, and
• platelet count is 100,000 cells/mm³ or higher.

Upon recovery, modify the dosage of pemetrexed for injection in the next cycle as specified in Table 1.

For dosing modifications for cisplatin, carboplatin, or pembrolizumab, refer to their prescribing information.

^a National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 2 (NCI CTCAE v2)  

Based in animal data pemetrexed can cause malformations and developmental delays when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].  

Pregnancy Testing

Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating Pemetrexed Injection [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].  

Contraception

Females

Because of the potential for genotoxicity, advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed  and for 6 months after the last dose.  

Males

Because of the potential for genotoxicity, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with pemetrexed and for 3 months after the last dose [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].  

Infertility

Males

Pemetrexed may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential. It is not known whether these effects on fertility are reversible [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

Pemetrexed for Injection is indicated:

• in combination with pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy, for the initial treatment of patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.
• in combination with cisplatin for the initial treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC.
• as a single agent for the maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous NSCLC whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy.
• as a single agent for the treatment of patients with recurrent, metastatic non-squamous, NSCLC after prior chemotherapy.

Limitations of Use: Pemetrexed for injection is not indicated for the treatment of patients with squamous cell, non-small cell lung cancer [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted with pemetrexed. Pemetrexed was clastogenic in an in vivo micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow but was not mutagenic in multiple in vitro tests (Ames assay, Chinese Hamster Ovary cell assay).  

Pemetrexed administered intraperitoneally at doses of ≥0.1 mg/kg/day to male mice (approximately 0.0006 times the recommended human dose based on BSA) resulted in reduced fertility, hypospermia, and testicular atrophy.

Vitamin Supplementation 

• Initiate folic acid 400 mcg to 1000 mcg orally once daily, beginning 7 days before the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and continuing until 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed for injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
• Administer vitamin B₁₂ 1 mg intramuscularly, 1 week prior to the first dose of pemetrexed for injection and every 3 cycles thereafter. Subsequent vitamin B₁₂ injections may be given the same day as treatment with pemetrexed for injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Do not substitute oral vitamin B₁₂ for intramuscular vitamin B₁₂.

Corticosteroids

• Administer dexamethasone 4 mg orally twice daily for three consecutive days, beginning the day before each pemetrexed for injection administration.

Exposure to pemetrexed is increased in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment who take concomitant ibuprofen, increasing the risks of adverse reactions of pemetrexed. In patients with creatinine clearances between 45 mL/min and 79 mL/min, avoid administration of ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed. If concomitant ibuprofen use cannot be avoided, monitor patients more frequently for pemetrexed adverse reactions, including myelosuppression, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.5), Drug Interactions (7), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Pemetrexed can cause severe myelosuppression resulting in a requirement for transfusions and which may lead to neutropenic infection. The risk of myelosuppression is increased in patients who do not receive vitamin supplementation. In Study JMCH, incidences of Grade 3-4 neutropenia (38% versus 23%), thrombocytopenia (9% versus 5%), febrile neutropenia (9% versus 0.6%), and neutropenic infection (6% versus 0) were higher in patients who received pemetrexed plus cisplatin without vitamin supplementation as compared to patients who were fully supplemented with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ prior to and throughout pemetrexed plus cisplatin treatment. 

Initiate supplementation with oral folic acid and intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ prior to the first dose of pemetrexed; continue vitamin supplementation during treatment and for 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed to reduce the severity of hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity of pemetrexed [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. Obtain a complete blood count at the beginning of each cycle. Do not administer pemetrexed until the ANC is at least 1500 cells/mm³ and platelet count is at least 100,000 cells/mm³. Permanently reduce pemetrexed in patients with an ANC of less than 500 cells/mm³ or platelet count of less than 50,000 cells/mm³ in previous cycles [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. 

In Studies JMDB and JMCH, among patients who received vitamin supplementation, incidence of Grade 3-4 neutropenia was 15% and 23%, the incidence of Grade 3-4 anemia was 6% and 4%, and incidence of Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia was 4% and 5%, respectively. In Study JMCH, 18% of patients in the pemetrexed arm required red blood cell transfusions compared to 7% of patients in the cisplatin arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. In Studies JMEN, PARAMOUNT, and JMEI, where all patients received vitamin supplementation, incidence of Grade 3-4 neutropenia ranged from 3% to 5%, and incidence of Grade 3-4 anemia ranged from 3% to 5%.

In patients with creatinine clearances between 45 mL/min and 79 mL/min, modify administration of ibuprofen as follows [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Drug Interactions (7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]:

• Avoid administration of ibuprofen for 2 days before, the day of, and 2 days following administration of pemetrexed for injection.
• Monitor patients more frequently for myelosuppression, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicity, if concomitant administration of ibuprofen cannot be avoided.