These Highlights Do Not Include All The Information Needed To Use Teriflunomide Tablets Safely And Effectively. See Full Prescribing Information For Teriflunomide Tablets.

Risk Summary

Teriflunomide is contraindicated for use in pregnant women and females of reproductive potential not using effective contraception because of the potential for fetal harm based on animal data. [see Contraindications (4)and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

In animal reproduction studies in rat and rabbit, oral administration of teriflunomide during organogenesis caused teratogenicity and embryolethality at plasma exposures (AUC) lower than that at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 14 mg/day [see Data].

Available human data from pregnancy registries, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance cases, and published literature are too limited to draw any conclusions, but they do not clearly indicate increased birth defects or miscarriage associated with inadvertent teriflunomide exposure in the early first trimester when followed by an accelerated elimination procedure [see Clinical Considerations and Data]. There are no human data pertaining to exposures later in the first trimester or beyond.

In the US general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in the indicated population is unknown.

Clinical Considerations

Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions

Lowering the plasma concentration of teriflunomide by instituting an accelerated drug elimination procedure as soon as pregnancy is detected may decrease the risk to the fetus from teriflunomide. The accelerated drug elimination procedure includes verification that the plasma teriflunomide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/L [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Data

Human data

Available human data are limited. Prospectively reported data (from clinical trials and postmarketing reports) from >150 pregnancies in patients treated with teriflunomide and >300 pregnancies in patients treated with leflunomide have not demonstrated an increased rate of congenital malformations or miscarriage following teriflunomide exposure in the early first trimester when followed by an accelerated elimination procedure. Specific patterns of major congenital malformations in humans have not been observed. Limitations of these data include an inadequate number of reported pregnancies from which to draw conclusions, the short duration of drug exposure in reported pregnancies, which precludes a full evaluation of the fetal risks, incomplete reporting, and the inability to control for confounders (such as underlying maternal disease and use of concomitant medications).

Animal data

When teriflunomide (oral doses of 1 mg, 3 mg, or 10 mg/kg/day) was administered to pregnant rats throughout the period of organogenesis, high incidences of fetal malformation (primarily craniofacial, and axial and appendicular skeletal defects) and fetal death were observed at doses not associated with maternal toxicity. Adverse effects on fetal development were observed following dosing at various stages throughout organogenesis. Maternal plasma exposure at the no-effect level (1.0 mg/kg/day) for fetal developmental toxicity in rats was less than that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD, 14 mg /day).

Administration of teriflunomide (oral doses of 1 mg, 3.5 mg, or 12 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rabbits throughout organogenesis resulted in high incidences of fetal malformation (primarily craniofacial, and axial and appendicular skeletal defects) and fetal death at doses associated with minimal maternal toxicity. Maternal plasma exposure at the no-effect dose (1.0 mg/kg/day) for fetal developmental toxicity in rabbits was less than that in humans at the MRHD.

In studies in which teriflunomide (oral doses of 0.05 mg , 0.1 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg, or 1.0 mg/kg/day) was administered to rats during gestation and lactation, decreased growth, eye and skin abnormalities, and high incidences of malformation (limb defects) and postnatal death were observed in the offspring at doses not associated with maternal toxicity. Maternal plasma exposure at the no-effect dose for prenatal and postnatal developmental toxicity in rats (0.10 mg/kg/day) was less than that in humans at the MRHD.

In animal reproduction studies of leflunomide, embryolethality and teratogenic effects were observed in pregnant rat and rabbit at or below clinically relevant plasma teriflunomide exposures (AUC). In published reproduction studies in pregnant mice, leflunomide was embryolethal and increased the incidence of malformations (craniofacial, axial skeletal, heart and great vessel). Supplementation with exogenous uridine reduced the teratogenic effects in pregnant mice, suggesting that the mode of action (inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) is the same for therapeutic efficacy and developmental toxicity.

At recommended doses in humans, teriflunomide and leflunomide result in a similar range of plasma concentrations of teriflunomide.

• Hepatotoxicity

Clinically significant and potentially life-threatening liver injury, including acute liver failure requiring transplant, has been reported in patients treated with teriflunomide tablets in the postmarketing setting [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. . Concomitant use of teriflunomide tablets with other hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of severe liver injury.

Obtain transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of teriflunomide tablets therapy. Monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months after starting teriflunomide tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. If drug induced liver injury is suspected, discontinue teriflunomide tablets and start an accelerated elimination procedure with cholestyramine or charcoal [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . Teriflunomide tablets are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4)] . Patients with pre-existing liver disease may be at increased risk of developing elevated serum transaminases when taking teriflunomide tablets.

• Embryofetal Toxicity

Teriflunomide is contraindicated for use in pregnant women and in females of reproductive potential who are not using effective contraception because of the potential for fetal harm. Teratogenicity and embryolethality occurred in animals at plasma teriflunomide exposures lower than that in humans. Exclude pregnancy before the start of treatment with teriflunomide in females of reproductive potential. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during teriflunomide treatment and during an accelerated drug elimination procedure after teriflunomide treatment. Stop teriflunomide and use an accelerated drug elimination procedure if the patient becomes pregnant [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

Store at 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C) with excursions permitted between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 7 mg Tablet Container Label

There is no experience regarding teriflunomide overdose or intoxication in humans. Teriflunomide 70 mg daily up to 14 days was well tolerated by healthy subjects.

In the event of clinically significant overdose or toxicity, cholestyramine or activated charcoal is recommended to accelerate elimination [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of teriflunomide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Teriflunomide was detected in rat milk following a single oral dose. Because of the potential for adverse reactions in a breastfed infant from teriflunomide, women should not breastfeed during treatment with teriflunomide.

Teriflunomide is an oral de novo pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor of the DHO-DH enzyme, with the chemical name (Z)-2-Cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoic acid-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-amide. Its molecular weight is 270.21, and the empirical formula is C ₁₂H ₉F ₃N ₂O ₂with the following chemical structure:

Teriflunomide is a white to almost white powder that is sparingly soluble in acetone, slightly soluble in polyethylene glycol and ethanol, very slightly soluble in isopropanol and practically insoluble in water.

Teriflunomide is formulated as film-coated tablets for oral administration. Teriflunomide tablets contain 7 mg or 14 mg of teriflunomide and the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, corn starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica and magnesium stearate. The film coating for the 14 mg tablet is made of hypromellose, titanium dioxide, talc, polyethylene glycol and indigo carmine aluminum lake. In addition to these, the 7 mg tablet film coating includes iron oxide yellow.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Effectiveness of teriflunomide for the treatment of relapsing form of multiple sclerosis in pediatric patients (10 to 17 years of age) was not established in an adequate and well-controlled clinical study in 166 patients (109 patients received once-daily doses of teriflunomide and 57 patients received placebo) for up to 96 weeks.

Pancreatitis has been reported in adults in the postmarketing setting, but appears to occur at higher frequency in the pediatric population, In this pediatric study, cases of pancreatitis were reported in 1.8% (2/109) of patients who received teriflunomide compared to no patients in the placebo group. All patients in the pediatric trial recovered or were recovering after treatment discontinuation and accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)] .

Additionally, elevated or abnormal blood creatine phosphokinase was reported in 6.4% of pediatric patients who received teriflunomide compared to no patients in the placebo group.

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data

Oral administration of teriflunomide (0, 0.3, 3, or 6 mg/kg/day) to young rats on postnatal days 21 to 70 resulted in suppression of immune function (T-cell dependent antibody response) at the mid and high doses, and adverse effects on male reproductive organs (reduced sperm count) and altered neurobehavioral function (increased locomotor activity) at the high dose. At the no-effect dose (0.3 mg/kg/day) for developmental toxicity in juvenile rats, plasma exposures were less than those in pediatric patients at the doses of teriflunomide tested in the clinical study.

Clinical studies of teriflunomide did not include patients over 65 years old.

Clinically significant and potentially life-threatening liver injury, including acute liver failure requiring transplant, has been reported in patients treated with teriflunomide in the postmarketing setting. Patients with pre-existing liver disease and patients taking other hepatotoxic drugs may be at increased risk for developing liver injury when taking teriflunomide. Clinically significant liver injury can occur at any time during treatment with teriflunomide.

Patients with pre-existing acute or chronic liver disease, or those with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than two times the upper limit of normal (ULN) before initiating treatment, should not normally be treated with teriflunomide tablets. Teriflunomide tablets are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4)] .

In placebo-controlled trials in adult patients, ALT greater than three times the ULN occurred in 61/1045 (5.8%) and 62/1002 (6.2%) of patients receiving teriflunomide 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively, and 38/997 (3.8%) of patients receiving placebo, during the treatment period. These elevations occurred mostly within the first year of treatment. Half of the cases returned to normal without drug discontinuation. In clinical trials, if ALT elevation was greater than three times the ULN on two consecutive tests, teriflunomide was discontinued and patients underwent an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . Of the patients who underwent discontinuation and accelerated elimination in controlled trials, half returned to normal or near normal values within 2 months.

One patient in the controlled in adult patients developed ALT 32 times the ULN and jaundice 5 months after initiation of teriflunomide 14 mg treatment. The patient was hospitalized for 5 weeks and recovered after plasmapheresis and cholestyramine accelerated elimination procedure. Teriflunomide-induced liver injury in this patient could not be ruled out.

Obtain serum transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of teriflunomide therapy. Monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months after starting teriflunomide.

Consider additional monitoring when teriflunomide is given with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Consider discontinuing teriflunomide if serum transaminase increase (greater than three times the ULN) is confirmed. Monitor serum transaminase and bilirubin on teriflunomide therapy, particularly in patients who develop symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction, such as unexplained nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, or jaundice and/or dark urine. If liver injury is suspected to be teriflunomide-induced, discontinue teriflunomide and start an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] and monitor liver tests weekly until normalized. If teriflunomide-induced liver injury is unlikely because some other probable cause has been found, resumption of teriflunomide therapy may be considered.

Four randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trials established the efficacy of teriflunomide in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

Study 1 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated once daily doses of teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg for up to 26 months in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Patients were required to have a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis exhibiting a relapsing clinical course, with or without progression, and to have experienced at least one relapse over the year preceding the trial or at least two relapses over the two years preceding the trial. Patients were required not to have received interferon-beta for at least four months, or any other multiple sclerosis medication for at least six months before entering the study, nor were these medications permitted during the study. Neurological evaluations were to be performed at screening, every 12 weeks until week 108, and after suspected relapses. MRI was to be performed at screening, and at week 24, 48, 72, and 108. The primary endpoint was the annualized relapse rate (ARR).

In Study 1, 1088 patients were randomized to receive teriflunomide 7 mg (n=366), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=359), or placebo (n=363). At entry, patients had an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤5.5. Patients had a mean age of 38 years, mean disease duration of 5 years, and mean EDSS at baseline of 2.7. A total of 91% of patients had relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, and 9% had a progressive form of multiple sclerosis with relapses. The mean duration of treatment was 635, 627, and 631 days for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively. The percentage of patients who completed the study treatment period was 75%, 73%, and 71% for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively.

There was a statistically significant reduction in ARR for patients who received teriflunomide 7 mg or teriflunomide 14 mg, compared to patients who received placebo (see Table 2). There was a consistent reduction of the ARR noted in subgroups defined by sex, age group, prior multiple sclerosis therapy, and baseline disease activity.

There was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk of disability progression at week 108 sustained for 12 weeks (as measured by at least a 1-point increase from baseline EDSS ≤ 5.5 or a 0.5 point increase for those with a baseline EDSS > 5.5) in the teriflunomide 14 mg group compared to placebo (see Table 2and Figure 1).

The effect of teriflunomide on several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables including the total lesion volume of T2 and hypointense T1 lesions, was assessed in Study 1. The change in total lesion volume from baseline was significantly lower in the teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg groups than in the placebo group. Patients in both teriflunomide groups had significantly fewer gadolinium-enhancing lesions per T1-weighted scan than those in the placebo group (see Table 2).

Study 2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated once daily doses of teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg for up to 40 months in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Patients were required to have a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis exhibiting a relapsing clinical course and to have experienced at least one relapse over the year preceding the trial, or at least two relapses over the two years preceding the trial. Patients were required not to have received any multiple sclerosis medication for at least three months before entering the trial, nor were these medications permitted during the trial. Neurological evaluations were to be performed at screening, every 12 weeks until completion, and after every suspected relapse. The primary end point was the ARR.

A total of 1165 patients received teriflunomide 7 mg (n=407), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=370), or placebo (n=388). Patients had a mean age of 38 years, a mean disease duration of 5 years, and a mean EDSS at baseline of 2.7. A total of 98% of patients had relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, and 2% had a progressive form of multiple sclerosis with relapses. The mean duration of treatment was 552, 567, and 571 days for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively. The percentage of patients who completed the study treatment period was 67%, 66%, and 68% for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively.

There was a statistically significant reduction in the ARR for patients who received teriflunomide 7 mg or teriflunomide 14 mg compared to patients who received placebo (see Table 3). There was a consistent reduction of the ARR noted in subgroups defined by sex, age group, prior multiple sclerosis therapy, and baseline disease activity.

There was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk of disability progression at week 108 sustained for 12 weeks (as measured by at least a 1-point increase from baseline EDSS ≤ 5.5 or a 0.5 point increase for those with a baseline EDSS > 5.5) in the teriflunomide 14 mg group compared to placebo (see Table 3and Figure 2).

Study 3 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated once daily doses of teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg for up to 108 weeks in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Patients were required to have had a first clinical event consistent with acute demyelination occurring within 90 days of randomization with 2 or more T2 lesions at least 3 mm in diameter that were characteristic of multiple sclerosis. A total of 614 patients received teriflunomide 7 mg (n=203), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=214), or placebo (n=197). Patients had a mean age of 32 years, EDSS at baseline of 1.7, and mean disease duration of two months. The proportion of patients free of relapse was greater in the teriflunomide 7 mg (70.5%, p < 0.05) and teriflunomide 14 mg (72.2%, p < 0.05) groups than in the placebo group (61.7%).

The effect of teriflunomide on MRI activity was also demonstrated in Study 4, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of multiple sclerosis patients with relapse. In Study 4, MRI was to be performed at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks, 24 weeks, 30 weeks, and 36 weeks after treatment initiation. A total of 179 patients were randomized to teriflunomide 7 mg (n=61), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=57), or placebo (n= 61). Baseline demographics were consistent across treatment groups. The primary endpoint was the average number of unique active lesions/MRI scan during treatment. The mean number of unique active lesions per brain MRI scan during the 36-week treatment period was lower in patients treated with teriflunomide 7 mg (1.06) and teriflunomide 14 mg (0.98) as compared to placebo (2.69), the difference being statistically significant for both (p=0.0234 and p=0.0052, respectively).

• Severe hepatic impairment ( 4, 5.1)
• Pregnancy ( 4, 5.2, 8.1)
• Hypersensitivity ( 4, 5.5)
• Current leflunomide treatment ( 4)

The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the prescribing information:

• Hepatotoxicity [see Contraindications (4)and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Bone Marrow Effects/Immunosuppression Potential/Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Contraindications (4)and Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• Serious Skin Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
• Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
• Peripheral Neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
• Increased Blood Pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
• Respiratory Effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
• Pancreatitis in Pediatric Patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]

• Drugs metabolized by CYP2C8 and OAT3 transporters: Monitor patients because teriflunomide may increase exposure of these drugs. ( 7)
• Teriflunomide may increase exposure of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel. Choose an appropriate oral contraceptive. ( 7)
• Drugs metabolized by CYP1A2: Monitor patients because teriflunomide may decrease exposure of these drugs. ( 7)
• Warfarin: Monitor INR as teriflunomide may decrease INR. ( 7)
• Drugs metabolized by BCRP and OATP1B1/B3 transporters: Monitor patients because teriflunomide may increase exposure of these drugs. ( 7)
• Rosuvastatin: The dose of rosuvastatin should not exceed 10 mg once daily in patients taking teriflunomide tablets. ( 7)

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

Teriflunomide is the principal active metabolite of leflunomide and is responsible for leflunomide's activity in vivo. At recommended doses, teriflunomide and leflunomide result in a similar range of plasma concentrations of teriflunomide.

Based on a population analysis of teriflunomide in healthy adult volunteers and adult MS patients, median t1/2 was approximately 18 and 19 days after repeated doses of 7 mg and 14 mg respectively. It takes approximately 3 months respectively to reach steady-state concentrations. The estimated AUC accumulation ratio is approximately 30 after repeated doses of 7 mg or 14 mg.

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment. The pharmacokinetics of teriflunomide in severe hepatic impairment has not been evaluated. Teriflunomide tablets are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4) Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

Teriflunomide tablets are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults.

Teriflunomide, an immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. The exact mechanism by which teriflunomide exerts its therapeutic effect in multiple sclerosis is unknown but may involve a reduction in the number of activated lymphocytes in CNS.

Interstitial lung disease, including acute interstitial pneumonitis, has been reported with teriflunomide tablets in the postmarketing setting.

Interstitial lung disease and worsening of pre-existing interstitial lung disease have been reported during treatment with leflunomide. Interstitial lung disease may be fatal and may occur acutely at any time during therapy with a variable clinical presentation. New onset or worsening pulmonary symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, with or without associated fever, may be a reason for discontinuation of therapy and for further investigation as appropriate. If discontinuation of the drug is necessary, consider initiation of an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Teriflunomide may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Teratogenicity and embryofetal lethality occurred in animal reproduction studies in multiple animal species at plasma teriflunomide exposures similar to or lower than that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 14 mg/day [see Contraindications (8.1)] .

Teriflunomide is contraindicated for use in pregnant women and in females of reproductive potential not using effective contraception [see Contraindications (4)] . Exclude pregnancy before starting treatment with teriflunomide in females of reproductive potential [see Dosage and Administration (2)] . Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during teriflunomide treatment and during an accelerated drug elimination procedure after teriflunomide treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] . If a woman becomes pregnant while taking teriflunomide, stop treatment with teriflunomide, apprise the patient of the potential risk to a fetus, and perform an accelerated drug elimination procedure to achieve a plasma teriflunomide concentration of less than 0.02 mg/L [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Upon discontinuing teriflunomide, it is recommended that all females of reproductive potential undergo an accelerated drug elimination procedure. Women receiving teriflunomide treatment who wish to become pregnant must discontinue teriflunomide and undergo an accelerated drug elimination procedure, which includes verification that plasma concentrations of teriflunomide are less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL). Men wishing to father a child should also discontinue use of teriflunomide and either undergo an accelerated elimination procedure or wait until verification that the plasma teriflunomide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] . Based on animal data, human plasma concentrations of teriflunomide of less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) are expected to have minimal embryofetal risk [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.3), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] .

In placebo-controlled studies in adult patients, peripheral neuropathy, including both polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome), occurred more frequently in patients taking teriflunomide than in patients taking placebo. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy confirmed by nerve conduction studies was 1.4% (13 patients) and 1.9% (17 patients) of patients receiving 7 mg and 14 mg of teriflunomide, respectively, compared with 0.4% receiving placebo (4 patients). Treatment was discontinued in 0.7% (8 patients) with confirmed peripheral neuropathy (3 patients receiving teriflunomide 7 mg and 5 patients receiving teriflunomide 14 mg). Five of them recovered following treatment discontinuation. Not all cases of peripheral neuropathy resolved with continued treatment. Peripheral neuropathy also occurred in patients receiving leflunomide.

Age older than 60 years, concomitant neurotoxic medications, and diabetes may increase the risk for peripheral neuropathy. If a patient taking teriflunomide tablets develops symptoms consistent with peripheral neuropathy, such as bilateral numbness or tingling of hands or feet, consider discontinuing teriflunomide therapy and performing an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

• Elimination of teriflunomide can be accelerated by administration of cholestyramine or activated charcoal for 11 days. ( 5.3)
• Teriflunomide may decrease WBC. A recent CBC should be available before starting teriflunomide tablets. Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection. Consider suspending treatment with teriflunomide tablets in case of serious infection. Do not start teriflunomide tablets in patients with active infections. ( 5.4)
• Stop teriflunomide tablets if patient has anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; initiate rapid elimination. ( 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7)
• If patient develops symptoms consistent with peripheral neuropathy, evaluate patient and consider discontinuing teriflunomide tablets. ( 5.8)
• Teriflunomide may increase blood pressure. Measure blood pressure at treatment initiation and monitor blood pressure during treatment. ( 5.9)

Cases of serious skin reactions, sometimes fatal, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)], have been reported with teriflunomide. Fatal outcomes were reported in one case of TEN and one case of DRESS.

Inform patients of the signs and symptoms that may signal a serious skin reaction. Instruct patients to discontinue teriflunomide and seek immediate medical care should these signs and symptoms occur. Unless the reaction is clearly not drug related, discontinue teriflunomide and begin an accelerated elimination procedure immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . In such cases, patients should not be re-exposed to teriflunomide [see Contraindications (4)] .

The recommended dose of teriflunomide tablet is 7 mg or 14 mg orally once daily.

Teriflunomide tablets are available as 7 mg and 14 mg tablets.

The 7 mg tablet is a light greenish-bluish grey to pale greenish-blue, hexagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T1" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 7 mg of teriflunomide.

The 14 mg tablet is a blue colored, pentagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T2" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 14 mg of teriflunomide.

In placebo-controlled studies in adult patients, the mean change from baseline to the end of study in systolic blood pressure was +2.3 mmHg and +2.7 mmHg for teriflunomide 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively, and -0.6 mmHg for placebo. The change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure was +1.4 mmHg and +1.9 mmHg for teriflunomide 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively, and -0.3 mmHg for placebo. Hypertension was an adverse reaction in 3.1% and 4.3% of patients treated with 7 mg or 14 mg of teriflunomide compared with 1.8% for placebo. Check blood pressure before start of teriflunomide tablets treatment and periodically thereafter. Elevated blood pressure should be appropriately managed during treatment with teriflunomide tablets.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of teriflunomide tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

• Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders:Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Gastrointestinal Disorders:Pancreatitis, colitis
• Hepatobiliary Disorders:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Immune System Disorders:Hypersensitivity reactions, some of which were severe, such as anaphylaxis and angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders:Interstitial lung disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
• Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Severe skin reactions, including toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] ;drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] ; psoriasis or worsening of psoriasis (including pustular psoriasis and nail psoriasis); nail disorders

Teriflunomide can cause anaphylaxis and severe allergic reactions [see Contraindications (4)]. Signs and symptoms have included dyspnea, urticaria, and angioedema including lips, eyes, throat, and tongue.

Inform patients of the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and angioedema.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

A total of 2047 patients receiving teriflunomide (7 mg or 14 mg once daily) constituted the safety population in the pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis; of these, 71% were female. The average age was 37 years.

Table 1 lists adverse reactions in placebo-controlled trials with rates that were at least 2% for teriflunomide patients and also at least 2% above the rate in placebo patients. The most common were headache, an increase in ALT, diarrhea, alopecia, and nausea. The adverse reaction most commonly associated with discontinuation was an increase in ALT (3.3%, 2.6%, and 2.3% of all patients in the teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo treatment arms, respectively).

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).

A Medication Guide is required for distribution with teriflunomide tablets.

Teriflunomide tablets are available as 7 mg and 14 mg tablets.

The 7 mg tablet is a light greenish-bluish grey to pale greenish-blue, hexagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T1" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 7 mg of teriflunomide.

The 14 mg tablet is a blue colored, pentagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T2" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 14 mg of teriflunomide.

Teriflunomide is not approved for use in pediatric patients. In the pediatric clinical trial, cases of pancreatitis were observed in 1.8% (2/109) of patients receiving teriflunomide; one of these cases was serious [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] . If pancreatitis is suspected, discontinue teriflunomide and start an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Pregnancy Testing

Exclude pregnancy prior to initiation of treatment with teriflunomide in females of reproductive potential. Advise females to notify their healthcare provider immediately if pregnancy occurs or is suspected during treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] .

Contraception

Females

Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception while taking teriflunomide. If teriflunomide is discontinued, use of contraception should be continued until it is verified that plasma concentrations of teriflunomide are less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL, the level expected to have minimal fetal risk, based on animal data).

Females of reproductive potential who wish to become pregnant should discontinue teriflunomide and undergo an accelerated elimination procedure. Effective contraception should be used until it is verified that plasma concentrations of teriflunomide are less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]

Males

Teriflunomide is detected in human semen. Animal studies to specifically evaluate the risk of male mediated fetal toxicity have not been conducted. To minimize any possible risk, men not wishing to father a child and their female partners should use effective contraception. Men wishing to father a child should discontinue use of teriflunomide and either undergo an accelerated elimination procedure or wait until verification that the plasma teriflunomide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

WARNING: HEPATOTOXICITY and EMBRYOFETAL TOXICITY

See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.

• Hepatotoxicity
  
  Clinically significant and potentially life-threatening liver injury, including acute liver failure requiring transplant, has been reported in patients treated with teriflunomide in the postmarketing setting ( 5.1). Concomitant use of teriflunomide with other hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of severe liver injury. Obtain transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of teriflunomide tablets and monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months ( 5.1). If drug induced liver injury is suspected, discontinue teriflunomide tablets and start accelerated elimination procedure ( 5.3).
  
  
  
  
• Embryofetal Toxicity
  
  Teratogenicity and embryolethality occurred in animals administered teriflunomide ( 5.2, 8.1). Exclude pregnancy prior to initiating teriflunomide therapy ( 4, 5.2, 8.1, 8.3). Advise use of effective contraception in females of reproductive potential during treatment and during an accelerated drug elimination procedure ( 4, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.3). Stop teriflunomide and use an accelerated drug elimination procedure if the patient becomes pregnant ( 5.2, 5.3, 8.1).

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as multiorgan hypersensitivity, has occurred with teriflunomide. One fatal case of DRESS that occurred in close temporal association (34 days) with the initiation of teriflunomide treatment has been reported in the postmarketing setting. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and/or facial swelling, in association with other organ system involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, hematologic abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis, sometimes resembling an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. This disorder is variable in its expression, and other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity (e.g., fever, lymphadenopathy) may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, the patient should be evaluated immediately.

Discontinue teriflunomide, unless an alternative etiology for the signs or symptoms is established, and begin an accelerated elimination procedure immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . In such cases, patients should not be re-exposed to teriflunomide [see Contraindications (4)] .

Teriflunomide is eliminated slowly from the plasma [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Without an accelerated elimination procedure, it takes on average 8 months to reach plasma concentrations less than 0.02 mg/L, although because of individual variations in drug clearance it may take as long as 2 years. An accelerated elimination procedure could be used at any time after discontinuation of teriflunomide tablets. Elimination can be accelerated by either of the following procedures:

• Administration of cholestyramine 8 g every 8 hours for 11 days. If cholestyramine 8 g three times a day is not well tolerated, cholestyramine 4 g three times a day can be used.
• Administration of 50 g oral activated charcoal powder every 12 hours for 11 days.

If either elimination procedure is poorly tolerated, treatment days do not need to be consecutive unless there is a need to lower teriflunomide plasma concentration rapidly.

At the end of 11 days, both regimens successfully accelerated teriflunomide elimination, leading to more than 98% decrease in teriflunomide plasma concentrations.

Use of the accelerated elimination procedure may potentially result in return of disease activity if the patient had been responding to teriflunomide tablets treatment.

Coadministration with antineoplastic or immunosuppressive therapies used for treatment of multiple sclerosis has not been evaluated. Safety studies in which teriflunomide was concomitantly administered with other immune modulating therapies for up to one year (interferon beta, glatiramer acetate) did not reveal any specific safety concerns. The long term safety of these combinations in the treatment of multiple sclerosis has not been established.

In any situation in which the decision is made to switch from teriflunomide to another agent with a known potential for hematologic suppression, it would be prudent to monitor for hematologic toxicity, because there will be overlap of systemic exposure to both compounds. Use of an accelerated elimination procedure may decrease this risk, but may also potentially result in return of disease activity if the patient had been responding to teriflunomide treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

Risk Summary

Teriflunomide is contraindicated for use in pregnant women and females of reproductive potential not using effective contraception because of the potential for fetal harm based on animal data. [see Contraindications (4)and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

In animal reproduction studies in rat and rabbit, oral administration of teriflunomide during organogenesis caused teratogenicity and embryolethality at plasma exposures (AUC) lower than that at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 14 mg/day [see Data].

Available human data from pregnancy registries, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance cases, and published literature are too limited to draw any conclusions, but they do not clearly indicate increased birth defects or miscarriage associated with inadvertent teriflunomide exposure in the early first trimester when followed by an accelerated elimination procedure [see Clinical Considerations and Data]. There are no human data pertaining to exposures later in the first trimester or beyond.

In the US general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in the indicated population is unknown.

Clinical Considerations

Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions

Lowering the plasma concentration of teriflunomide by instituting an accelerated drug elimination procedure as soon as pregnancy is detected may decrease the risk to the fetus from teriflunomide. The accelerated drug elimination procedure includes verification that the plasma teriflunomide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/L [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Data

Human data

Available human data are limited. Prospectively reported data (from clinical trials and postmarketing reports) from >150 pregnancies in patients treated with teriflunomide and >300 pregnancies in patients treated with leflunomide have not demonstrated an increased rate of congenital malformations or miscarriage following teriflunomide exposure in the early first trimester when followed by an accelerated elimination procedure. Specific patterns of major congenital malformations in humans have not been observed. Limitations of these data include an inadequate number of reported pregnancies from which to draw conclusions, the short duration of drug exposure in reported pregnancies, which precludes a full evaluation of the fetal risks, incomplete reporting, and the inability to control for confounders (such as underlying maternal disease and use of concomitant medications).

Animal data

When teriflunomide (oral doses of 1 mg, 3 mg, or 10 mg/kg/day) was administered to pregnant rats throughout the period of organogenesis, high incidences of fetal malformation (primarily craniofacial, and axial and appendicular skeletal defects) and fetal death were observed at doses not associated with maternal toxicity. Adverse effects on fetal development were observed following dosing at various stages throughout organogenesis. Maternal plasma exposure at the no-effect level (1.0 mg/kg/day) for fetal developmental toxicity in rats was less than that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD, 14 mg /day).

Administration of teriflunomide (oral doses of 1 mg, 3.5 mg, or 12 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rabbits throughout organogenesis resulted in high incidences of fetal malformation (primarily craniofacial, and axial and appendicular skeletal defects) and fetal death at doses associated with minimal maternal toxicity. Maternal plasma exposure at the no-effect dose (1.0 mg/kg/day) for fetal developmental toxicity in rabbits was less than that in humans at the MRHD.

In studies in which teriflunomide (oral doses of 0.05 mg , 0.1 mg, 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg, or 1.0 mg/kg/day) was administered to rats during gestation and lactation, decreased growth, eye and skin abnormalities, and high incidences of malformation (limb defects) and postnatal death were observed in the offspring at doses not associated with maternal toxicity. Maternal plasma exposure at the no-effect dose for prenatal and postnatal developmental toxicity in rats (0.10 mg/kg/day) was less than that in humans at the MRHD.

In animal reproduction studies of leflunomide, embryolethality and teratogenic effects were observed in pregnant rat and rabbit at or below clinically relevant plasma teriflunomide exposures (AUC). In published reproduction studies in pregnant mice, leflunomide was embryolethal and increased the incidence of malformations (craniofacial, axial skeletal, heart and great vessel). Supplementation with exogenous uridine reduced the teratogenic effects in pregnant mice, suggesting that the mode of action (inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) is the same for therapeutic efficacy and developmental toxicity.

At recommended doses in humans, teriflunomide and leflunomide result in a similar range of plasma concentrations of teriflunomide.

• Hepatotoxicity

Clinically significant and potentially life-threatening liver injury, including acute liver failure requiring transplant, has been reported in patients treated with teriflunomide tablets in the postmarketing setting [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. . Concomitant use of teriflunomide tablets with other hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of severe liver injury.

Obtain transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of teriflunomide tablets therapy. Monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months after starting teriflunomide tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. If drug induced liver injury is suspected, discontinue teriflunomide tablets and start an accelerated elimination procedure with cholestyramine or charcoal [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . Teriflunomide tablets are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4)] . Patients with pre-existing liver disease may be at increased risk of developing elevated serum transaminases when taking teriflunomide tablets.

• Embryofetal Toxicity

Teriflunomide is contraindicated for use in pregnant women and in females of reproductive potential who are not using effective contraception because of the potential for fetal harm. Teratogenicity and embryolethality occurred in animals at plasma teriflunomide exposures lower than that in humans. Exclude pregnancy before the start of treatment with teriflunomide in females of reproductive potential. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during teriflunomide treatment and during an accelerated drug elimination procedure after teriflunomide treatment. Stop teriflunomide and use an accelerated drug elimination procedure if the patient becomes pregnant [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

Store at 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C) with excursions permitted between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 7 mg Tablet Container Label

There is no experience regarding teriflunomide overdose or intoxication in humans. Teriflunomide 70 mg daily up to 14 days was well tolerated by healthy subjects.

In the event of clinically significant overdose or toxicity, cholestyramine or activated charcoal is recommended to accelerate elimination [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of teriflunomide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Teriflunomide was detected in rat milk following a single oral dose. Because of the potential for adverse reactions in a breastfed infant from teriflunomide, women should not breastfeed during treatment with teriflunomide.

Teriflunomide is an oral de novo pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor of the DHO-DH enzyme, with the chemical name (Z)-2-Cyano-3-hydroxy-but-2-enoic acid-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-amide. Its molecular weight is 270.21, and the empirical formula is C ₁₂H ₉F ₃N ₂O ₂with the following chemical structure:

Teriflunomide is a white to almost white powder that is sparingly soluble in acetone, slightly soluble in polyethylene glycol and ethanol, very slightly soluble in isopropanol and practically insoluble in water.

Teriflunomide is formulated as film-coated tablets for oral administration. Teriflunomide tablets contain 7 mg or 14 mg of teriflunomide and the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, corn starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, colloidal anhydrous silica and magnesium stearate. The film coating for the 14 mg tablet is made of hypromellose, titanium dioxide, talc, polyethylene glycol and indigo carmine aluminum lake. In addition to these, the 7 mg tablet film coating includes iron oxide yellow.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Effectiveness of teriflunomide for the treatment of relapsing form of multiple sclerosis in pediatric patients (10 to 17 years of age) was not established in an adequate and well-controlled clinical study in 166 patients (109 patients received once-daily doses of teriflunomide and 57 patients received placebo) for up to 96 weeks.

Pancreatitis has been reported in adults in the postmarketing setting, but appears to occur at higher frequency in the pediatric population, In this pediatric study, cases of pancreatitis were reported in 1.8% (2/109) of patients who received teriflunomide compared to no patients in the placebo group. All patients in the pediatric trial recovered or were recovering after treatment discontinuation and accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)] .

Additionally, elevated or abnormal blood creatine phosphokinase was reported in 6.4% of pediatric patients who received teriflunomide compared to no patients in the placebo group.

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data

Oral administration of teriflunomide (0, 0.3, 3, or 6 mg/kg/day) to young rats on postnatal days 21 to 70 resulted in suppression of immune function (T-cell dependent antibody response) at the mid and high doses, and adverse effects on male reproductive organs (reduced sperm count) and altered neurobehavioral function (increased locomotor activity) at the high dose. At the no-effect dose (0.3 mg/kg/day) for developmental toxicity in juvenile rats, plasma exposures were less than those in pediatric patients at the doses of teriflunomide tested in the clinical study.

Clinical studies of teriflunomide did not include patients over 65 years old.

Clinically significant and potentially life-threatening liver injury, including acute liver failure requiring transplant, has been reported in patients treated with teriflunomide in the postmarketing setting. Patients with pre-existing liver disease and patients taking other hepatotoxic drugs may be at increased risk for developing liver injury when taking teriflunomide. Clinically significant liver injury can occur at any time during treatment with teriflunomide.

Patients with pre-existing acute or chronic liver disease, or those with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than two times the upper limit of normal (ULN) before initiating treatment, should not normally be treated with teriflunomide tablets. Teriflunomide tablets are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4)] .

In placebo-controlled trials in adult patients, ALT greater than three times the ULN occurred in 61/1045 (5.8%) and 62/1002 (6.2%) of patients receiving teriflunomide 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively, and 38/997 (3.8%) of patients receiving placebo, during the treatment period. These elevations occurred mostly within the first year of treatment. Half of the cases returned to normal without drug discontinuation. In clinical trials, if ALT elevation was greater than three times the ULN on two consecutive tests, teriflunomide was discontinued and patients underwent an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . Of the patients who underwent discontinuation and accelerated elimination in controlled trials, half returned to normal or near normal values within 2 months.

One patient in the controlled in adult patients developed ALT 32 times the ULN and jaundice 5 months after initiation of teriflunomide 14 mg treatment. The patient was hospitalized for 5 weeks and recovered after plasmapheresis and cholestyramine accelerated elimination procedure. Teriflunomide-induced liver injury in this patient could not be ruled out.

Obtain serum transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of teriflunomide therapy. Monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months after starting teriflunomide.

Consider additional monitoring when teriflunomide is given with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Consider discontinuing teriflunomide if serum transaminase increase (greater than three times the ULN) is confirmed. Monitor serum transaminase and bilirubin on teriflunomide therapy, particularly in patients who develop symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction, such as unexplained nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, or jaundice and/or dark urine. If liver injury is suspected to be teriflunomide-induced, discontinue teriflunomide and start an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] and monitor liver tests weekly until normalized. If teriflunomide-induced liver injury is unlikely because some other probable cause has been found, resumption of teriflunomide therapy may be considered.

Four randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trials established the efficacy of teriflunomide in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.

Study 1 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated once daily doses of teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg for up to 26 months in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Patients were required to have a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis exhibiting a relapsing clinical course, with or without progression, and to have experienced at least one relapse over the year preceding the trial or at least two relapses over the two years preceding the trial. Patients were required not to have received interferon-beta for at least four months, or any other multiple sclerosis medication for at least six months before entering the study, nor were these medications permitted during the study. Neurological evaluations were to be performed at screening, every 12 weeks until week 108, and after suspected relapses. MRI was to be performed at screening, and at week 24, 48, 72, and 108. The primary endpoint was the annualized relapse rate (ARR).

In Study 1, 1088 patients were randomized to receive teriflunomide 7 mg (n=366), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=359), or placebo (n=363). At entry, patients had an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤5.5. Patients had a mean age of 38 years, mean disease duration of 5 years, and mean EDSS at baseline of 2.7. A total of 91% of patients had relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, and 9% had a progressive form of multiple sclerosis with relapses. The mean duration of treatment was 635, 627, and 631 days for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively. The percentage of patients who completed the study treatment period was 75%, 73%, and 71% for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively.

There was a statistically significant reduction in ARR for patients who received teriflunomide 7 mg or teriflunomide 14 mg, compared to patients who received placebo (see Table 2). There was a consistent reduction of the ARR noted in subgroups defined by sex, age group, prior multiple sclerosis therapy, and baseline disease activity.

There was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk of disability progression at week 108 sustained for 12 weeks (as measured by at least a 1-point increase from baseline EDSS ≤ 5.5 or a 0.5 point increase for those with a baseline EDSS > 5.5) in the teriflunomide 14 mg group compared to placebo (see Table 2and Figure 1).

The effect of teriflunomide on several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables including the total lesion volume of T2 and hypointense T1 lesions, was assessed in Study 1. The change in total lesion volume from baseline was significantly lower in the teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg groups than in the placebo group. Patients in both teriflunomide groups had significantly fewer gadolinium-enhancing lesions per T1-weighted scan than those in the placebo group (see Table 2).

Study 2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated once daily doses of teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg for up to 40 months in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Patients were required to have a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis exhibiting a relapsing clinical course and to have experienced at least one relapse over the year preceding the trial, or at least two relapses over the two years preceding the trial. Patients were required not to have received any multiple sclerosis medication for at least three months before entering the trial, nor were these medications permitted during the trial. Neurological evaluations were to be performed at screening, every 12 weeks until completion, and after every suspected relapse. The primary end point was the ARR.

A total of 1165 patients received teriflunomide 7 mg (n=407), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=370), or placebo (n=388). Patients had a mean age of 38 years, a mean disease duration of 5 years, and a mean EDSS at baseline of 2.7. A total of 98% of patients had relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, and 2% had a progressive form of multiple sclerosis with relapses. The mean duration of treatment was 552, 567, and 571 days for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively. The percentage of patients who completed the study treatment period was 67%, 66%, and 68% for teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo, respectively.

There was a statistically significant reduction in the ARR for patients who received teriflunomide 7 mg or teriflunomide 14 mg compared to patients who received placebo (see Table 3). There was a consistent reduction of the ARR noted in subgroups defined by sex, age group, prior multiple sclerosis therapy, and baseline disease activity.

There was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk of disability progression at week 108 sustained for 12 weeks (as measured by at least a 1-point increase from baseline EDSS ≤ 5.5 or a 0.5 point increase for those with a baseline EDSS > 5.5) in the teriflunomide 14 mg group compared to placebo (see Table 3and Figure 2).

Study 3 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated once daily doses of teriflunomide 7 mg and teriflunomide 14 mg for up to 108 weeks in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Patients were required to have had a first clinical event consistent with acute demyelination occurring within 90 days of randomization with 2 or more T2 lesions at least 3 mm in diameter that were characteristic of multiple sclerosis. A total of 614 patients received teriflunomide 7 mg (n=203), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=214), or placebo (n=197). Patients had a mean age of 32 years, EDSS at baseline of 1.7, and mean disease duration of two months. The proportion of patients free of relapse was greater in the teriflunomide 7 mg (70.5%, p < 0.05) and teriflunomide 14 mg (72.2%, p < 0.05) groups than in the placebo group (61.7%).

The effect of teriflunomide on MRI activity was also demonstrated in Study 4, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of multiple sclerosis patients with relapse. In Study 4, MRI was to be performed at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks, 24 weeks, 30 weeks, and 36 weeks after treatment initiation. A total of 179 patients were randomized to teriflunomide 7 mg (n=61), teriflunomide 14 mg (n=57), or placebo (n= 61). Baseline demographics were consistent across treatment groups. The primary endpoint was the average number of unique active lesions/MRI scan during treatment. The mean number of unique active lesions per brain MRI scan during the 36-week treatment period was lower in patients treated with teriflunomide 7 mg (1.06) and teriflunomide 14 mg (0.98) as compared to placebo (2.69), the difference being statistically significant for both (p=0.0234 and p=0.0052, respectively).

• Severe hepatic impairment ( 4, 5.1)
• Pregnancy ( 4, 5.2, 8.1)
• Hypersensitivity ( 4, 5.5)
• Current leflunomide treatment ( 4)

The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the prescribing information:

• Hepatotoxicity [see Contraindications (4)and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Bone Marrow Effects/Immunosuppression Potential/Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Contraindications (4)and Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• Serious Skin Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
• Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
• Peripheral Neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
• Increased Blood Pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
• Respiratory Effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
• Pancreatitis in Pediatric Patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]

• Drugs metabolized by CYP2C8 and OAT3 transporters: Monitor patients because teriflunomide may increase exposure of these drugs. ( 7)
• Teriflunomide may increase exposure of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel. Choose an appropriate oral contraceptive. ( 7)
• Drugs metabolized by CYP1A2: Monitor patients because teriflunomide may decrease exposure of these drugs. ( 7)
• Warfarin: Monitor INR as teriflunomide may decrease INR. ( 7)
• Drugs metabolized by BCRP and OATP1B1/B3 transporters: Monitor patients because teriflunomide may increase exposure of these drugs. ( 7)
• Rosuvastatin: The dose of rosuvastatin should not exceed 10 mg once daily in patients taking teriflunomide tablets. ( 7)

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

Teriflunomide is the principal active metabolite of leflunomide and is responsible for leflunomide's activity in vivo. At recommended doses, teriflunomide and leflunomide result in a similar range of plasma concentrations of teriflunomide.

Based on a population analysis of teriflunomide in healthy adult volunteers and adult MS patients, median t1/2 was approximately 18 and 19 days after repeated doses of 7 mg and 14 mg respectively. It takes approximately 3 months respectively to reach steady-state concentrations. The estimated AUC accumulation ratio is approximately 30 after repeated doses of 7 mg or 14 mg.

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment. The pharmacokinetics of teriflunomide in severe hepatic impairment has not been evaluated. Teriflunomide tablets are contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications (4) Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] .

Teriflunomide tablets are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults.

Teriflunomide, an immunomodulatory agent with anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. The exact mechanism by which teriflunomide exerts its therapeutic effect in multiple sclerosis is unknown but may involve a reduction in the number of activated lymphocytes in CNS.

Interstitial lung disease, including acute interstitial pneumonitis, has been reported with teriflunomide tablets in the postmarketing setting.

Interstitial lung disease and worsening of pre-existing interstitial lung disease have been reported during treatment with leflunomide. Interstitial lung disease may be fatal and may occur acutely at any time during therapy with a variable clinical presentation. New onset or worsening pulmonary symptoms, such as cough and dyspnea, with or without associated fever, may be a reason for discontinuation of therapy and for further investigation as appropriate. If discontinuation of the drug is necessary, consider initiation of an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Teriflunomide may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Teratogenicity and embryofetal lethality occurred in animal reproduction studies in multiple animal species at plasma teriflunomide exposures similar to or lower than that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 14 mg/day [see Contraindications (8.1)] .

Teriflunomide is contraindicated for use in pregnant women and in females of reproductive potential not using effective contraception [see Contraindications (4)] . Exclude pregnancy before starting treatment with teriflunomide in females of reproductive potential [see Dosage and Administration (2)] . Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during teriflunomide treatment and during an accelerated drug elimination procedure after teriflunomide treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] . If a woman becomes pregnant while taking teriflunomide, stop treatment with teriflunomide, apprise the patient of the potential risk to a fetus, and perform an accelerated drug elimination procedure to achieve a plasma teriflunomide concentration of less than 0.02 mg/L [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Upon discontinuing teriflunomide, it is recommended that all females of reproductive potential undergo an accelerated drug elimination procedure. Women receiving teriflunomide treatment who wish to become pregnant must discontinue teriflunomide and undergo an accelerated drug elimination procedure, which includes verification that plasma concentrations of teriflunomide are less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL). Men wishing to father a child should also discontinue use of teriflunomide and either undergo an accelerated elimination procedure or wait until verification that the plasma teriflunomide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] . Based on animal data, human plasma concentrations of teriflunomide of less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) are expected to have minimal embryofetal risk [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.3), and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] .

In placebo-controlled studies in adult patients, peripheral neuropathy, including both polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome), occurred more frequently in patients taking teriflunomide than in patients taking placebo. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy confirmed by nerve conduction studies was 1.4% (13 patients) and 1.9% (17 patients) of patients receiving 7 mg and 14 mg of teriflunomide, respectively, compared with 0.4% receiving placebo (4 patients). Treatment was discontinued in 0.7% (8 patients) with confirmed peripheral neuropathy (3 patients receiving teriflunomide 7 mg and 5 patients receiving teriflunomide 14 mg). Five of them recovered following treatment discontinuation. Not all cases of peripheral neuropathy resolved with continued treatment. Peripheral neuropathy also occurred in patients receiving leflunomide.

Age older than 60 years, concomitant neurotoxic medications, and diabetes may increase the risk for peripheral neuropathy. If a patient taking teriflunomide tablets develops symptoms consistent with peripheral neuropathy, such as bilateral numbness or tingling of hands or feet, consider discontinuing teriflunomide therapy and performing an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

• Elimination of teriflunomide can be accelerated by administration of cholestyramine or activated charcoal for 11 days. ( 5.3)
• Teriflunomide may decrease WBC. A recent CBC should be available before starting teriflunomide tablets. Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection. Consider suspending treatment with teriflunomide tablets in case of serious infection. Do not start teriflunomide tablets in patients with active infections. ( 5.4)
• Stop teriflunomide tablets if patient has anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; initiate rapid elimination. ( 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7)
• If patient develops symptoms consistent with peripheral neuropathy, evaluate patient and consider discontinuing teriflunomide tablets. ( 5.8)
• Teriflunomide may increase blood pressure. Measure blood pressure at treatment initiation and monitor blood pressure during treatment. ( 5.9)

Cases of serious skin reactions, sometimes fatal, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)], have been reported with teriflunomide. Fatal outcomes were reported in one case of TEN and one case of DRESS.

Inform patients of the signs and symptoms that may signal a serious skin reaction. Instruct patients to discontinue teriflunomide and seek immediate medical care should these signs and symptoms occur. Unless the reaction is clearly not drug related, discontinue teriflunomide and begin an accelerated elimination procedure immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . In such cases, patients should not be re-exposed to teriflunomide [see Contraindications (4)] .

The recommended dose of teriflunomide tablet is 7 mg or 14 mg orally once daily.

Teriflunomide tablets are available as 7 mg and 14 mg tablets.

The 7 mg tablet is a light greenish-bluish grey to pale greenish-blue, hexagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T1" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 7 mg of teriflunomide.

The 14 mg tablet is a blue colored, pentagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T2" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 14 mg of teriflunomide.

In placebo-controlled studies in adult patients, the mean change from baseline to the end of study in systolic blood pressure was +2.3 mmHg and +2.7 mmHg for teriflunomide 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively, and -0.6 mmHg for placebo. The change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure was +1.4 mmHg and +1.9 mmHg for teriflunomide 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively, and -0.3 mmHg for placebo. Hypertension was an adverse reaction in 3.1% and 4.3% of patients treated with 7 mg or 14 mg of teriflunomide compared with 1.8% for placebo. Check blood pressure before start of teriflunomide tablets treatment and periodically thereafter. Elevated blood pressure should be appropriately managed during treatment with teriflunomide tablets.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of teriflunomide tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

• Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders:Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Gastrointestinal Disorders:Pancreatitis, colitis
• Hepatobiliary Disorders:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Immune System Disorders:Hypersensitivity reactions, some of which were severe, such as anaphylaxis and angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders:Interstitial lung disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
• Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Severe skin reactions, including toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] ;drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] ; psoriasis or worsening of psoriasis (including pustular psoriasis and nail psoriasis); nail disorders

Teriflunomide can cause anaphylaxis and severe allergic reactions [see Contraindications (4)]. Signs and symptoms have included dyspnea, urticaria, and angioedema including lips, eyes, throat, and tongue.

Inform patients of the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and angioedema.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

A total of 2047 patients receiving teriflunomide (7 mg or 14 mg once daily) constituted the safety population in the pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis; of these, 71% were female. The average age was 37 years.

Table 1 lists adverse reactions in placebo-controlled trials with rates that were at least 2% for teriflunomide patients and also at least 2% above the rate in placebo patients. The most common were headache, an increase in ALT, diarrhea, alopecia, and nausea. The adverse reaction most commonly associated with discontinuation was an increase in ALT (3.3%, 2.6%, and 2.3% of all patients in the teriflunomide 7 mg, teriflunomide 14 mg, and placebo treatment arms, respectively).

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).

A Medication Guide is required for distribution with teriflunomide tablets.

Teriflunomide tablets are available as 7 mg and 14 mg tablets.

The 7 mg tablet is a light greenish-bluish grey to pale greenish-blue, hexagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T1" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 7 mg of teriflunomide.

The 14 mg tablet is a blue colored, pentagonal shaped, film coated tablet, debossed with "T2" on one side and plain on other side. Each tablet contains 14 mg of teriflunomide.

Teriflunomide is not approved for use in pediatric patients. In the pediatric clinical trial, cases of pancreatitis were observed in 1.8% (2/109) of patients receiving teriflunomide; one of these cases was serious [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] . If pancreatitis is suspected, discontinue teriflunomide and start an accelerated elimination procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

Pregnancy Testing

Exclude pregnancy prior to initiation of treatment with teriflunomide in females of reproductive potential. Advise females to notify their healthcare provider immediately if pregnancy occurs or is suspected during treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] .

Contraception

Females

Females of reproductive potential should use effective contraception while taking teriflunomide. If teriflunomide is discontinued, use of contraception should be continued until it is verified that plasma concentrations of teriflunomide are less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL, the level expected to have minimal fetal risk, based on animal data).

Females of reproductive potential who wish to become pregnant should discontinue teriflunomide and undergo an accelerated elimination procedure. Effective contraception should be used until it is verified that plasma concentrations of teriflunomide are less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3)and Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]

Males

Teriflunomide is detected in human semen. Animal studies to specifically evaluate the risk of male mediated fetal toxicity have not been conducted. To minimize any possible risk, men not wishing to father a child and their female partners should use effective contraception. Men wishing to father a child should discontinue use of teriflunomide and either undergo an accelerated elimination procedure or wait until verification that the plasma teriflunomide concentration is less than 0.02 mg/L (0.02 mcg/mL) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

WARNING: HEPATOTOXICITY and EMBRYOFETAL TOXICITY

See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.

• Hepatotoxicity
  
  Clinically significant and potentially life-threatening liver injury, including acute liver failure requiring transplant, has been reported in patients treated with teriflunomide in the postmarketing setting ( 5.1). Concomitant use of teriflunomide with other hepatotoxic drugs may increase the risk of severe liver injury. Obtain transaminase and bilirubin levels within 6 months before initiation of teriflunomide tablets and monitor ALT levels at least monthly for six months ( 5.1). If drug induced liver injury is suspected, discontinue teriflunomide tablets and start accelerated elimination procedure ( 5.3).
  
  
  
  
• Embryofetal Toxicity
  
  Teratogenicity and embryolethality occurred in animals administered teriflunomide ( 5.2, 8.1). Exclude pregnancy prior to initiating teriflunomide therapy ( 4, 5.2, 8.1, 8.3). Advise use of effective contraception in females of reproductive potential during treatment and during an accelerated drug elimination procedure ( 4, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1, 8.3). Stop teriflunomide and use an accelerated drug elimination procedure if the patient becomes pregnant ( 5.2, 5.3, 8.1).

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as multiorgan hypersensitivity, has occurred with teriflunomide. One fatal case of DRESS that occurred in close temporal association (34 days) with the initiation of teriflunomide treatment has been reported in the postmarketing setting. DRESS typically, although not exclusively, presents with fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and/or facial swelling, in association with other organ system involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, hematologic abnormalities, myocarditis, or myositis, sometimes resembling an acute viral infection. Eosinophilia is often present. This disorder is variable in its expression, and other organ systems not noted here may be involved. It is important to note that early manifestations of hypersensitivity (e.g., fever, lymphadenopathy) may be present even though rash is not evident. If such signs or symptoms are present, the patient should be evaluated immediately.

Discontinue teriflunomide, unless an alternative etiology for the signs or symptoms is established, and begin an accelerated elimination procedure immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] . In such cases, patients should not be re-exposed to teriflunomide [see Contraindications (4)] .

Teriflunomide is eliminated slowly from the plasma [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Without an accelerated elimination procedure, it takes on average 8 months to reach plasma concentrations less than 0.02 mg/L, although because of individual variations in drug clearance it may take as long as 2 years. An accelerated elimination procedure could be used at any time after discontinuation of teriflunomide tablets. Elimination can be accelerated by either of the following procedures:

• Administration of cholestyramine 8 g every 8 hours for 11 days. If cholestyramine 8 g three times a day is not well tolerated, cholestyramine 4 g three times a day can be used.
• Administration of 50 g oral activated charcoal powder every 12 hours for 11 days.

If either elimination procedure is poorly tolerated, treatment days do not need to be consecutive unless there is a need to lower teriflunomide plasma concentration rapidly.

At the end of 11 days, both regimens successfully accelerated teriflunomide elimination, leading to more than 98% decrease in teriflunomide plasma concentrations.

Use of the accelerated elimination procedure may potentially result in return of disease activity if the patient had been responding to teriflunomide tablets treatment.

Coadministration with antineoplastic or immunosuppressive therapies used for treatment of multiple sclerosis has not been evaluated. Safety studies in which teriflunomide was concomitantly administered with other immune modulating therapies for up to one year (interferon beta, glatiramer acetate) did not reveal any specific safety concerns. The long term safety of these combinations in the treatment of multiple sclerosis has not been established.

In any situation in which the decision is made to switch from teriflunomide to another agent with a known potential for hematologic suppression, it would be prudent to monitor for hematologic toxicity, because there will be overlap of systemic exposure to both compounds. Use of an accelerated elimination procedure may decrease this risk, but may also potentially result in return of disease activity if the patient had been responding to teriflunomide treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].